• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2008

The preventive hypolipidemic effect of the aqueous extracts of Picrorrhiza Rhizoma (PR) was observed in a high fat diet (HFD) feeding hyperlipidemic mouse with their hepatoprotective effects. PR extracts (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) were orally dosed once a day for 12 weeks initiated with HFD supply, and changes on body weight and gains, liver weight, serum aspartate transferase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) levels were monitored with serum low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. The efficacy of test articles was compared to that of 10mg/kg of simvastatin (SIMVA). Dramatic decrease of both absolute and relative liver weight was dose-dependently observed in all PR extract dosing groups as compared with HFD control group. The serum AST and ALT levels were dose-dependently decreased in PR extract dosing groups. The serum LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were dose-dependently decreased in PR extract dosing groups compared to that of HFD control group. The serum HDL levels were slightly but dose-dependently increased in PR extract dosing groups as compared with control group. The efficacy on the serum lipid levels of PR extracts was slighter than that of SIMVA. Based on these results, it is concluded that water extract of PR has a relatively good favorable preventive effects on the HFD inducing hyperlipidemia and hepatopathy.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.210-217
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• 2008

This study evaluated the hypolipidemic effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus combined with several oriental medicinal herbs. In addition, it addressed whether consuming a diet of healthy food along with a daily supplement of this composite could affect the health status of individuals suffering from diet-related disease such as obesity and hyperlipidemia. The effects of the combined medicinal herbal extracts(MHE) extracted with hot water on reducing serum lipids and improving blood parameters were examined in rats fed a high-fat diet for 5 weeks. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: basal diet only(BDG), high fat diet without MHE(FCG), high fat diet and 10% MHE(F10E) and high fat diet and 20% MHE(F20E). Serum lipid contents and blood variables were examined after the experimental period. The results of were as follows. The hematological data for the 4 groups were similar indicating no significant differences. There were moderate level of serum GOT activity in the F10E and F20E groups as compared to the FCG group. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride in serum and the atherogenic index were remarkably reduced in the MHE-supplemented groups as compared to the control group. However, F10E and F20E groups had significantly higher HDL-cholesterol levels than the control group. These results imply that combination of several medicinal herbal extracts could be used to reduce of serum lipid concentrations. The data from this study will be used as basic information with the field of functional food research to address how we can apply oriental medicinal resources to foods. Such research currently drawing considerable attention world-wide.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.462-469
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• 2012

We investigated dietary effects of prickly pear cactus (Opuntina ficus-indica) on plasma lipids, platelet aggregation (PA), hemolysis, plasma TBARS and liver enzymes. Twenty eight volunteer diving women in Jeju island had daily 20 g cactus tea containing 27% prickly pear cactus (PPC) powder for 4 weeks, and data for the study subjects were analyzed, on the basis of diagnostic criteria for blood pressure (BP)(${\geq}$ 140/90 mmHg), plasma cholesterol (${\geq}$ 200 mg/dL) and triglyceride (${\geq}$ 150 mg/dL). The subjects with higher BP had higher plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations than those with normal BP. Those with higher TC also had higher TG. Subjects with normal BP or normal TC had higher initial slope of PA than their higher counterpart in BP and TC. PPC intake decreased plasma TG in those with higher BP. PPC intake significantly decreased the elevated initial slope in groups with normal BP, TC, and TG. Hemolysis after PPC intake decreased significantly in all the subjects and plasma TBARS decreased in the subjects with higher plasma TC and higher TG. Glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) significantly increased and total bilirubin significantly decreased in all the subjects after PPC intake. The present study with diving women showed that beneficial effects of short term intake of prickly pear cactus might differ depending on the subject conditions in term of blood pressure, and plasma lipids. However, long term usage of prickly pear cactus may provide preventive effects of cardiovascular diseases to all the population, presumably by hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and antioxidant actions of its bioactive flavonoids and soluble fiber.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.188-192
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• 1999

To study effects of methanol extract of prosomillet on lopid metabolism , five groups of male Sprang-Dawley rats weighing 116$\pm$9 g were fed test diets for four weeks. The five diets consisted of one low fat(5% w/w) diet containing starch as carbohydrate source(normal) and four high fat diets(15% w/w) containing 40.5%(w/w)sucrose(control) and additional 80% nethanol extractof prosomillet at the levels of 0.3% and 1%(w/w) or prosomillet powder at the level of 20%(w/w). Serum level of total cholesterol was a little higher but that of triglyceride was 41% lower in 20% (w/w) prosomillet powder group than in the control group. The cholesterol levels of two Liver cholesterol levels were lower and phospolipid levels higher in all three prosomillet powder group . Fecal excretionof bile acid was most increased in the prosomillet powder group among all five test groups. Acitivity of liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase was significantly lower in 0.3% methanol extract fed group than the control and also appeared to be reduced in 1% extract fed one, wherease those of 20 cholesterol 7$\alpha$-hydroxylase were not different among the five groups. Activities of liver cytosilic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH) and malic enzyme were decreased in 0.3% prosomillet methanol extract and 20% powder groups. The results indicate that in addition to fiber, certain active components in prosomillet have potential to exert hypolipidemic effects via regulating hepatic cholesterogenesis and lipogenesis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.572-575
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• 1998

Chitosan has been known to have hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects in animal studies. Chitosan also absorbs bile acids in vitro and in vivo, which might result in the hypocholesterolemic action. Trialkyl chitosan derivatives were prepared and tested for bile acid absorption activity in vitro. The derivatives showed enhanced absorption capacities which were comparable to cholestyramine.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.494-500
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Evidence indicates that berry anthocyanins are anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. However, berries differ vastly in their anthocyanin composition and thus potentially in their biological and metabolic effects. The present study compared hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of blueberry (BB), blackberry (BK), and blackcurrant (BC) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat (HF; 35% fat, w/w) control diet or a HF diet supplemented with freeze-dried 5% BB, 6.3% BK or 5.7% BC for 12 weeks (10 mice/group) to achieve the same total anthocyanin content in each diet. Plasma lipids, antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, inflammation, and lipid metabolism was determined in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, proximal intestine, and skeletal muscle. Histological analysis was performed to identify crown-like structure (CLS) in epididymal fat pads to determine macrophage infiltration. RESULTS: No differences were noted between the control and any berry-fed groups in plasma levels of liver enzymes, insulin, glucose, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$. However, BK significantly lowered plasma triglyceride compared with the HF control and other berries, whereas BC significantly reduced F4/80 mRNA and the number of CLS in the epididymal fat pad, indicative of less macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence that BB, BK and BC with varying anthocyanin composition differentially affect plasma lipids and adipose macrophage infiltration in DIO mice, but with no differences in their antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory potential.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.3 s.130
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• pp.238-244
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• 2002

The extracts from stem and fruit of Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino) were applied to confirm the antiatherosclerotic effects in subacute alcoholic hyperlipidemic rats. It was observed that several indications of hyperlipidemia were prevented or changed by the treatments of the extracts but activities of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and alcohol dehydrogenase were not affected, which suggest that the extracts may promote the fecal excretion and delay the absorption of alcohol in hyperlipidemic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

This study was carried out to examine how dietary protein and calcium levels in rats fed fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues. Male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200g were fed six purified diets which contained 18%(w/w) beef tallow, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two source of protein, casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and three levels of dietary calcium, 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0%, first, for four weeks, and second, for eight weeks. The contents of the total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in rats fed 1.0% (w/w) level calcium, regardless of dietrary protein sources. After eight weeks, these concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed soy protein than in casein-fed rats. As dietary calcium level increased serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol contents were decreased and fecal lipid excretion increased. It is concluded that hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and calcium were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.325-330
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• 2003

Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae) has anti-oxidant, analgesic, and hypolipidemic effects. We previously showed that Solanum melongena (SM) aqueous extract inhibits mast cell-mediated allergic reactions. The activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) induces acute inflammation in rat hindpaw. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the SM aqueous extract on mouse paw edema induced by PAR2 agonists. Trypsin or trans-cinnamoyl-LIGRLO-NH$_2$ (tc-NH$_2$), PAR-2 agonists, was injected into the hind paw of mice to induce paw edema. SM aqueous extract (1, 5, 10, and 100 mg/kg) was orally administered 1 hr before induction of paw edema. SM aqueous extract (5, 10, and 100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited both paw edema and vascular permeability in the dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SM aqueous extract (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited PAR-2 agonist-induced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ expression in paw tissue compared to that of saline. These results suggest that SM aqueous extract may be useful for treatment of PAR-2-mediated inflammation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2001

Gamigwaruhaebaekwhanggum-Tang (GGHWT) have been evaluated for antihyperlipidemic effects on experimental hyperlipidemic rats and mice induced by Triton WR-1339, com oil and high cholersterol-diet. Especially, GGHWT is formulated with Trichosanthis Fructus, Pinelliae Tuber, Aurantii Immaturus Fructus, Magnoliae Cortex, Allii Macrostemi Bulbuls, Cinnamomi Ramulus and Scutellariae Radix. Oral administration of GGHWT at 500 mg/kg/day for 3 days significantly inhibited the increase of serum triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol, liver triglyceride in hyperlipidemic rats induced by Triton WR-1339. And, GGHWT significantly inhibited the increase of serum triglyceride in hyperlipidemic rats induced by corn oil. Also, administration of GGHWT (500 mg/kg, once daily for 1 week, p.o.) prevented the increase of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, liver total cholesterol and triglyceride in 1% cholesterol-diet fed mice. These results suggest that GGHWT is effective for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.