• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.280-285
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• 2003

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic efficacies of cultured ginseng (CG) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal and three diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were fed CG-free control diets supplemented with 5 and 10% of CG for 2 weeks. CG-supplemented groups showed significantly lower blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol content compared to the diabetic control group. CG supplementation at 5% significantly increased plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol content compared to the diabetic control group. CG significantly increased plasma HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio and reduced atherogenic index, whereas, it did not affect plasma total lipid content in diabetic rats. The 5% CG reduced plasma AST and ALT activities in diabetic rats and inhibited the reduction of plasma creatinine level caused by STZ-treatment in rats. These data suggest that tissue-cultured ginseng has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and anti-atherogenic effects on STZ-diabetic rats and can be useful as a dietary supplement for the treatment of diabetes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.821-824
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate tile effects of the Paecilomyces japonica on blood glucose in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus volunteers. During the 3 months of the experimental period, freeze-dried powder of Paecilomyces japonica (2 g/meal) was given to the subjects right before each meal. Paecilomyces japonica caused a significant decrease of $27.5\%\;and\;35.5\%$ in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, respectively. There were significant reductions of $28.5\%\;and\;33.5\%$ in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of the male subjects, respectively Paecilomyces japonica also significantly decreased in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of $26.1\%\;and\;37.3\%$ in female patients after treatment. This study shows that Paecilomyces japonica supplementation significantly lowered the fasting and postprandial glucose levels in NIDDM patients. These effects presumably contribute to the hypoglycemic activity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma extracts and its optimum Heat processing conditions Methods : We investigated the Salivary ${\alpha}$-amylase, pancreas ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of extracts from Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma Ext. The inhibitory activities of a 50% EtOH extract of Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma Ext against ${\alpha}$-glucosidases were evaluated in this study. Inhibiting these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharides significantly decreases the postprandial increase in blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. Furthermore, the postprandial blood glucose lowering effect of Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma Ext. was compared to a known type 2 diabetes drug(Acarbose(R)) in a mice model. Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosus L. Ext significantly reduced the blood glucose increase after glucose loading. Results : The results were confirmed by real-time PCR that after treated with Streptozotocin in L6 cells, induced expression of GLUT4, after the steamed Helianthus tuberosus L. Ext. treated, observed its expression was increased. Steam Heated Helianthus tuberosus L Ext treated 4 hours in L6 cells, cytotoxicity was measured in MTT assay. Its toxicity were 5.7%, 9% and 11.3% at the treatment concentration $12.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $25{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, the $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ respectively. Conclusions : Overall, the results of this study indicate that Hypoglycemic effect of Helianthus tuberosi Rhizoma caused by the Steam heat treatment, the optimum Heat processing condition is steamming at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, and it will provide the basis for developing a useful dietary supplement for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.889-894
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• 2002

Acharan sulfate (AS) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) prepared from the giant African snail, Achatina fulica. In this study, some biological activities of AS were evaluated on the basis of structural similarities to heparin/heparan sulfate and the biological functions of GAGs. We demonstrated that it exhibited strong immunostimulating activities as measured by carbon clearance test in mice and in vivo phagocytosis. It also exhibited a significant hypoglycemic activity in epinephrine (EP)-induced hyperglycemia as well as antifatigue effects by weight-loaded forced swimming test. And it showed hypolipidemic activities in cholesterol-rich mixture induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The above results indicate that AS has diverse biological activities and suggest therapeutically important target molecules.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2006.09a
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• pp.115.2-115.2
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• 2006

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.670-677
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• 2007

Although polysaccharide is believed to play an important role in the medicinal effect of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl (DCL), its role as an antioxidant and in anti-hyperglycemic induction was not reported. In this study, polysaccharide with molecular weight of approximately 150 kDa, herein named DCLP, was isolated from the stem of DCL, and its antioxidative, hypoglycemic and immune stimulating effects were evaluated using various in vitro and in vivo assay systems. DCLP inhibited hydroxyl radicals ($^{\cdot}$OH)-mediated deoxyribose degradation by scavenging hydroxyl radicals directly as well as by chelating iron ions. DCLP also showed dose-dependent scavenging activity on superoxide anions ($O_2^{{\cdot}-}$) and offered significant protection (p < 0.001) against glucose oxidase-mediated cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells. DCLP had immune stimulating effects, as evidenced by the DCLP-mediated increases in the level of DNA synthesis, viability, and cytokine secretion in mouse lymphocytes. Moreover, oral administration of DCLP produced a significant reduction in blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. These findings suggest that DCLP has a potential utility in treating patients who require enhanced antioxidation, immune function and/or hypoglycemic activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.981-989
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• 2003

The hypoglycemic effects of four edible plants (Angelicae tenuissimae (A. ten.), Pleurospermum kamtschaticum (P. kam.), Adenophora remotiflora (A. rem.) and Zanthoxylum schinifolium (Z. sch.)) in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats were investigated. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 190-230 g were induced diabetes mellitus by the STZ injection (45 mg/kg) into the tail vein and were divided into six groups ; normal, STZ-control and four edible plant groups (A. ten., P kam., A. rem. and Z. sch. groups). Normal and STZ-control groups were fed a AIN-93 diet and four groups of STZ-induced diabetic rats were fed one of each experimental diets containing 10％ of the edible plant powder for 4 weeks. Diabetic rats showed the lower weight gain compared to the normal rats. In experimental groups except P. kam., AST activities were close to normal. A. ten. group were lowered ALT activities slightly. The plasma glucose levels of the diabetic experimental groups were significantly decreased at 4th week. The plasma insulin levels in diabetic experimental groups were not significantly different compared to the STZ-control group. The liver glycogen levels in STZ injected rats were significantly lower in compared to the normal rats. However no significant differences were found in response experimental plants intake in diabetic rats. The muscle glycogen were not significantly different among all the groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2016

Purpose: Our previous study demonstrated the hypoglycemic effects of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf and the underlying mechanisms. Here we explored the potency of mulberry twigs (TW) and root barks (RB) in postprandial hypoglycemic effects in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The major components of TW and RB were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Alpha-glucosidase inhibition and glucose/fructose uptake inhibition in Caco-2 cells were determined for TW, RB, and their major components, followed by an oral sugar tolerance test (OSTT) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks and then a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg B.W) was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 126 mg/dL were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8/group) for the following treatments by gavage for 4 weeks: vehicle (normal control and diabetic control), 200 mg/kg B.W of TW or RB or 100 mg/kg B.W of oxyresveratrol (OXY). Results: OXY and mulberroside A were identified as the major components of TW and OXY, mongolicin, and kuwanon H for RB. A significant inhibitory activity on ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was found for TW, RB, and OXY (p = 0.0099). There was a dose-dependent inhibition of TW and RB on the intestinal sugar uptakes in Caco-2 cells, showing a greater impact on fructose compared to glucose. The OSTT showed that TW and RB significantly delayed time to maximal concentration (p = 0.0088) and decreased maximal concentration (p = 0.0043) compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that TW and RB may have a postprandial hypoglycemic effect, particularly in the case of high fructose or sucrose intake. OXY was suggested as a contributor to the hypoglycemic effect of TW and RB. Further studies are needed for the systemic effect of TW and RB in circulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1257-1262
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• 2007

To develop basidiomycetes-fermented cereals with hypoglycemic property, inhibitory effects of basidiomycetes mycelia and basidiomycetes-fermented cereals on postprandial glucose were investigated. In vitro effect of basidiomycetes mycelia on retarding the membrane transport of glucose was compared with pectin. For basidiomycetes mycelia, $13.1{\pm}3.6{\sim}41.8{\pm}8.0%$ of total glucose remained in inner solution of dialysis membrane after dialysis for 120 min, indicating that most of basidiomycetes mycelia might effectively retard membrane transport of glucose. Glucose tolerance of basidiomycetes mycelia and basidiomycetes-fermented cereals was tested on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats administrated with maltose. Postprandial glucose levels of basidiomycetes mycelia, $389.4{\pm}43.8{\sim}426.3{\pm}49.4mg/dL$, were considerably lower than that of control, $535.3{\pm}78.6mg/dL$, at 30 minutes after maltose administration. Namely, basidiomycetes mycelia showed better postprandial glucose lowering effect than pectin. Brown rice and barley fermented with Paecilomyces japonica showed much lower postprandial glucose level than raw brown rice and barley, especially hypoglycemic effect of barley fermented with Paecilomyces japonica was significant.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.145-153
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• 2015

To investigate the hypoglycemic effect of the submerged culture of the Ceriporia lacerata mycelium (CL01) species, in-vitro and in-vivo tests were executed using INS-1 and 3T3-L1 cells, normal and diabetic mice. CL01 exhibited an inhibitory effect on cell death through dexamethasone in the INS-1 cells, and increased the GLUT4 expression in the 3T3-L1 cells. A hematological monitoring test was executed using diabetic mice divided into four groups : normal control (G1), negative control (G2), positive control (G3), and CL01 250 mg/kg (G4) groups, which were fed daily for 6 weeks. The body weight gain, food intake, and water intake of G4 were not significantly different from those of G2. After 5 weeks, the blood glucose levels of G4 were significantly different from those of G2. After 6 weeks, the plasma insulin levels of G4 increased by about 36% compared to those of G2, and the plasma C-peptide levels of G4 were lower by about 18%. than those of G3. The results of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed that CL01 lessened the blood glucose levels of G4 by 15% compared to G2. It was concluded that CL01 stimulates the proliferation of beta cells and promotes insulin secretion and may thus have a potential in improving the hypoglycemic effects among the diabetic symptoms.