• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.689-696
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• 1997

황백피와 두릅나무(AP)의 혼합 추출물이 당뇨에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 실험으로 streptozotocin으로 당뇨가 유도된 생쥐에게 혼합 추출물을 5일간과 10일간 복강투여하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 50, 150, 250mg/kg B.W. AP추출물 투여군(DI1, DI2, DI3)의 몸무게는 당뇨 대조군(DIC)에 비해 유의적 (p<0.05)인 증가를 보였으며 , 간과 췌장의 무게는 DIC군에서 증가하였으나 AP추출물의 투여로 감소되었다. 특히, 10일 복강투여군에서 장기무게의 감소정도는 5일 복강투여 군에 비해 현저하였다. 혈장 포도당수준의 변화는 AP 추출물의 투여로 유의적 (p<0.05)으로 감소하였으며 감소정도는 AP추출물의 양에 비례하는 수준이었다. 혈장 cholesterol(total, LDL, VLDL)과 TG수준은 AP추출물의 투여로 감소되었으나(p<0.05), 생쥐에는 choles-teryl ester transfer protein이 없어 HDL cholesterol의 수준은 AP추출물의 투여 후에도 변화를 보이지 않았다. TBARS 함량은 당뇨 대조군이 정상군에 비해 증가하였으나 AP추출물의 투여 후 유의적 (p<0.05)으로 감소하였다. 이러한 감소정도는 10일 복강투여군에서 현저하게 나타났으며 특히 췌장조직에서 효율적인 감소 효과를 보였다. GPx의 활성도는 DIC군에서 유의적 (p< 0.05)으로 증가하였으며 AP추출물의 투여로 감소되었다. GR의 활성도는 유의적이지 않으나 GPx와 같은 양상을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 황백피와 두릅나무추출물은 streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유도한 생쥐에서 몸무게의 증가, 혈당 및 혈중 지질수준의 개선, 항산화 효과를 지니고 있음이 추정되었으며, 차후 이들AP추출물의 subfraction을 통한 계속적인 연구로 혈당강하 효과의 확인 및 효과 성분의 분리에까지 연구범위를 넓힐 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2017

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate candidate materials as anti-inflammatory agent from extracts of Korean medicinal plants in Hwaak mountain. Ligustrum obtusifolium (LO) is a Korea medicinal plants that commonly used for robustness and hemostasis. It has been reported that LO has exhibited anti-ischemic, anti-oxidative, anti-hypolipidemic, anti-tumor and hypoglycemic effects. However, LO has not been previously reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of LO and its underlying molecular mechanisms in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods : Cell viability was determined by MTT assay in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Nitric Oxide (NO) was measured with Griess reagent and pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and p65 subunit of nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) were determined by Western blot analysis. Results : Among 15 extracts of Korean medicinal plants tested, Ligustrum obtusifolium (LO) showed the inhibition of NO production without cytotoxicity. LO reduced the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in LPS-simulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in dose-dependent manner. Consistent with these data, LO inhibited the productions of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$ in LPS-simulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, LO attenuated the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of p65 $NF-{\kappa}B$ in RAW 264.7 macrophages involving suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of LO is associated with regulation of inflammatory mediators via inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.506-511
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• 2014

Commelina communis Ledeb is a widely used medication for the treatment of antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent in Korea. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH) is a major factor to stimulate melanin synthesis in the skin. The purposes of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of extract from Commelina communis Ledeb (ECC) on ${\alpha}$-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. ECC suppressed melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells or ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced B16F10 cells in a dose dependent manner. In study on the melanogenic protein expressions, it had especially influence on expressions of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP-1). Tyrosinase and TRP-1 expressions were gradually decreased in a dose-dependent. Additionally, the extract also decreased the ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced over-expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1. This results show that the anti-melanogenic activity of ECC is correlated with the suppression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 protein expressions in B16F10 cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제1권6호
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• pp.657-664
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• 1997

The effects of adenosine, adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (DPCPX), or NMDA receptor antagonist (APV) on the spontaneous release of $[^3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine$ ($[^3H]-5-HT$) during normoxic/normoglycemic or hypoxic/hypoglycemic period were studied in the rat hippocampal slices. The hippocampus was obtained from the rat brain and sliced $400\;{\mu}m$ thickness with the tissue slicer. After 30 min's preincubation in the normal buffer, the slices were incubated for 30 min in a buffer containing $[^3H]-5-HT$ ($0.1\;{\mu}M,\;74{\mu}Ci/8\;ml$) for uptake, and washed. To measure the release of $[^3H]-5-HT$ into the buffer, the incubation medium was drained off and refilled every ten minutes through sequence of 14 tubes. Induction of glucose/oxygen deprivation (GOD; medium depleting glucose and gassed with 95% $N_2/5%\;CO_2$) was done in 6th and 7th tube. The radioactivities in each buffer and the tissue were counted using liquid scintillation counter and the results were expressed as a percentage of the total radioactivities. When slices were exposed to GOD for 20 mins, the spontaneous release of $[^3H]-5-HT$ was markedly increased and this increase of $[^3H]-5-HT$ release was blocked by adenosine ($10\;{\mu}M$) or DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV; $30\;{\mu}M$). Adenosine $A_1$ receptor specific antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) exacerbate GOD-induced increase of spontaneous release of $[^3H]-5-HT$. These results suggest that Adenosine may play a role in the GOD-induced spontaneous release of $[^3H]-5-HT$ through adenosine $A_1$ receptor activity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2009

The present study was designed to clarify the antidiabetic activity and mechanism of Dioscorea rhizome in diabetic db/db mice. Mice were administered Dioscorea rhizome and rosiglitazone orally for 7 weeks and the effects of these compounds on fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance and intestinal disaccharidase activity in db/db mice were evaluated. The fasting serum glucose of the D. rhizome treated group was reduced when compared with that of the db/db control group. In addition, the disaccharidase activities in homogenates of the proximal, middle and distal segment of the small intestine were significantly decreased response to D. rhizome treatment, especially in the middle segment. These results suggest that D. rhizome decreases blood glucose via a decrease in the activity of disaccharidase in the mucosa of the middle region of the small intestine in db/db mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.336-342
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• 2010

Obesity-induced disorders contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, fatty liver diseases, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we evaluated the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of aloe formula in high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6N mice. Male mice fed HFD for 28 weeks received a supplement of aloe formula, PAG, ALS, Aloe QDM, and an Aloe QDM complex for a further 8 weeks and were then compared with regular diet fed mice. After the experimental period, the blood glucose levels of the Aloe QDM complex-and PGZ-supplemented mice were significantly lower than those of the HFD-fed mice. Aloe formula, especially the Aloe QDM complex, and the PGZ treatment group profoundly affected the IPGTT and HOMA-IR. Immunochemistry was done for the morphological observation and the resulting sizes of adipocytes around the epididymis were significantly decreased when comparing the aloe formula-treated and HFD-fed groups. Further, aloe formula decreased mRNA expression of fatty acid synthesis enzymes and led to reduced hepatic steatosis in both liver and WAT. These results suggest that supplementation of Aloe QDM complex in the HFD-fed mice improved insulin resistance by lowering blood glucose levels and reducing adipocytes. Our data suggest that dietary aloe formula reduces obesity-induced glucose tolerance by suppressing fatty acid synthesis in the WAT and liver, both of which are important peripheral tissues affecting insulin resistance. The Aloe QDM complex could be used as a nutritional intervention against T2D.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2010

The extract from Hydnocarpi Semen (HS) has been used to treat leprosy and its anti-inflammatory activity has been reported. However, the effect of HS on the treatment of diabetic or peripheral ulcer is not well known. We therefore examined its wound healing effects on ulcer area in diabetic mice. GC and GC/MS analysis with the total extract of HS show that the main constituents of the extract are chaulmoogric acid, hydnocarpic acid, and gorlic acid. Whereas HS showed wound healing effect in diabetic ulcer, there was no hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice. The treatment of HS extract significantly decreased the level of total WBC and neutrophils in mice compared to control mice. Cutting ulcer was induced by the round-shaped punch on the backside of diabetic mice and the extract of HS was given orally or topically. The wound area score significantly decreased after treatment of HS at dose of 50 mg/kg. The treatment of HS also induced the activation of macrophages and increased the production of IL-12 and TNF-$\alpha$ in macrophages, indicating that the wound healing by HS extract is associated with the inflammatory effect via the activation of macrophages. Our results suggest that HS extract can be a new therapeutic candidate for treatment of diabetic ulcer.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.412-419
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• 1994

The Contents of proximate compositions, vitamin C and minerals(Ca, P, Fe and Zn) of five Korean wild vegetables were analyzed. Twenty four cooking recipes with three of the vegetables were developed and their taste characteristics were evaluated by 12-trained panels. The five Korean wild vegetables are Cassia tora(C.t.), Lycium chinese Mill(L.c.), Trichosanthes quadricirra MIQ(T.q.), Polygonatum japonicum MORR et DECAIS(P.j.) and Articum lappa L.(A.l.). They have been known as the efficacious plants agaginst diabetes mellitus. In our previous work, their hypoglycemic effects have been studied through streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and fed on the wild vegetables. Contents of moisture were 14~86% in the samples and L.c. showed relatively higher content of crude protein(16.4%). High level of crude fat was seen in C.t.(9.4%). Contents of vitamin C were also relatively high in the wild vegetables(14.2~42.0 mg%). Analysis of minerals revealed the high level of Ca in L.c. leaves, P in A.l. and Fe in C.t. and L.c. leaves. All of the samples contained Zn in 5.0~14.6 mg%. Twelvetrained taste panels indicated that the 24-preparations of L.c. leaves, fruites and P.j. were well accepted in taste, color and odor. Although L.c. fruit gruel, L.c. cream soup and P.j. saute were evalulated as less acceptable, their sensory scores were in 3.6~5.4 which were not undesirable. The newly developed cooking recipes of L.c. fruits and leaves showed better scores in color and texture, P.j. in texture and odor.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Control of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia is strongly correlated with decreased risk for cardiovascular disease, the most common and fatal diabetic complication. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of garlic and aged black garlic on glycemic control and blood lipid profile in animal model of type 2 diabetes. Three week-old db/db mice (C57BL/Ks, n=21) were fed AIN-93G semipurified diet or diet containing 5% freeze-dried garlic or aged black garlic for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting serum glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol and blood glycated hemoglobin were measured. Body weight and food intake of garlic and aged black garlic group were not significantly different from those of the control group. Fasting serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly decreased and insulin level was significantly increased in garlic group compared with control group (p<0.05). Consumption of aged black garlic significantly decreased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and tended to decrease serum glucose. Garlic consumption significantly decreased total cholesterol, while aged black garlic significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and triglyceride and increased HDL-cholesterol levels. These results suggest that garlic exerts hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effect and aged black garlic improved insulin sensitivity and dyslipidemia in db/db mice.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.823-830
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bacteria-derived $\beta$-glucan fiber on serum lipids, adiposity and uncoupling protein (UCP) expression in rats. In order to induce obesity, Sprague-Dawley weanling male rats were allowed free access to AIN-76A diet until 4 weeks of age, and fed high-fat diet (beef tallow, $40\%$ of calories as fat) for 6 weeks until 10 weeks of age. Rats were then fed with $0\%$ thigh- fat control group), $1\%$, or $5\%$ bacterial ~-glucan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 6 weeks. For comparison, normal control group was fed with AIN-76 diet $11.7\%$ fat). Supplementation with bacterial $\beta$-glucan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat-induced white fat (i.e., visceral and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy, and development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperleptinemia. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and free fatty acid levels were greatly reduced, but, HDL-cholesterol concentrations were increased by bacterial $\beta$-glucan supplementation. Serum leptin level was lower in the $\beta$-glucan groups than in the high-fat group. The expression of UCPs (UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were significantly increased by $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan-containing diet. This study suggests that the anti-obesity effect of $5\%$ bacterial $\beta$-glucan is attributed to upregulation of UCPs and inefficient energy utilization.