• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was investigated hypoglycemic effects of fermented red ginseng extracts. We prepared non-fermented red ginseng extracts(R), fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum(RL) extracts, Saccharomycescerevisiae(RS) extracts, and L. plantarum mixed S. cerevisiae(RLS) extracts, examined composition of ginsenosides, SOD-like activity, and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Ginsenoside Re was highest contents in all extracts, second was ginsenoside Rc and then ginsenoside Rb1. Concentration of these ginsenoside was showed higher in RS than in other extracts. SOD-like activity and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity were shown higher in fermented red ginseng extracts than non fermented extracts. And activities of mixed fermentation extracts(RLS) higher than single fermentation extracts(RL, RS). Effects of blood glucose level, serum lipid profile and metabolic variables were evaluated in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rat. Experimental group was divided into 7 groups: normal control group(hereafter NC group), diabetes control group(DC group), positive control group treated with 50 mg/kg body weight of acarbose(PC group), treated with 300 mg/kg body weight of R, RL, RS and RLS extracts groups, respectively. Blood glucose level of DC group was maintained high level in all experimental period, but treated with red ginseng extracts groups was reduced the glucose level by R group 18.00%, RL group 28.07%, RS group 29.03%, RLS group 42.42%, respectively. The concentration of total cholesterol and triglyceride of fermented red ginseng extracts treated groups (RL, RS, RLS) was lower than non- fermented extracts group(R) DC and PC groups. The activity of ALT, AST in RLS treated groups were lower than other groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2014

본 연구는 약쑥의 기능성 성분인 jaceosidin이 제1형 당뇨병에서 혈당과 체내 항산화 상태에 미치는 영향를 조사하고자 실시되었다. jaceosidin을 식이에 농도별(0.005%, 0.02%)로 혼합시켜 준비하였으며, 실험 동물은 C57BL/6J 5주령 수컷 마우스를 사용하여 정상군(Normal)과 당뇨군으로 나눈 뒤 당뇨군의 마우스는 5일간 streptozotocin (55 mg/kg bw)을 복강으로 주사하여 당뇨를 유발하였다. 당뇨군은 당뇨대조군(D-Control), jaceosidin 0.005% 섭취군(D-0.005%), jaceosidin 0.02% 섭취군(D-0.02%)으로 나누어 사육하였다. 8주간의 식이 섭취 결과, 당뇨군의 체중이 Normal과 비교하여 유의적으로 감소되었고, 식이효율은 유의적으로 낮아졌으며, jaceosidin의 섭취는 당뇨로 인한 체중 및 식이효율 저하에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 제1형 당뇨시 jaceosidin의 섭취가 장기 무게와 간 기능에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 공복 혈당은 D-0.005%가 D-Control과 비교하여 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 농도의존적은 경향은 보이지 않았다. 당부하검사에서는 당뇨군이 normal에 비해 혈당과 AUC 값이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으나, jaceosidin 섭취에 의한 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 인슐린 내성검사 결과에서는 D-0.02%가 당뇨 대조군보다 AUC값이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. Jaceosidin의 섭취가 당뇨병로 인한 산화적 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과, jaceosidin의 섭취가 과산화지질 생성에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났으나, 항산화효소인 GSH-px의활성은 D-Control과 비교하여 유의적으로 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 볼 때, jaceosidin은 제1형 당뇨병시 간의 항산화 효소계를 활성화 시킴으로써 공복혈당을 낮추고, 인슐린민감성을 증가시키는 것으로 생각되는 바 당뇨병이나 당뇨로 인한 합병증 예방 및 치료에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 우리나라 전통발효식품에서 분리한 효모들을 이용하여 새로운 항당뇨성 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해물질을 개발하기 위하여, 먼저 48종의 효모들의 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성을 측정한 결과, Pichia burtonii Y257-7의 무세포 추출물이 가장 높은 저해활성을 보여 시험균주로 최종 선발하였다. ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해제 최적 생산 조건을 검토한 결과, Pichia burtonii Y257-7를 $28^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 LB 배지(pH 6.0)에 배양하여 얻은 무세포 추출물에서 가장 높은 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해활성을 보였다. 최적 생산조건에서 얻은 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해물질을 $0.45{\mu}m$와 $0.2{\mu}m$ syringe filter unit로 여과한 후 Sephadex G-50 column chromatography와 연속 용매 추출을 실시하여 부분정제한 후 일반 쥐와 당뇨유발 쥐를 이용하여 항당뇨 효과를 조사하였다. 정상 쥐와 streptozotocin으로 당뇨를 유발시킨 당뇨유발 쥐에 Pichia burtonii Y257-7이 생산하는 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해제의 부분정제물을 전분과 함께 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg 농도로 경구 투여한 결과, 시판 혈당강하제인 acarbose보다는 효과가 낮았지만 농도 의존적으로 정상 쥐와 당뇨유발 쥐 모두에서 혈당 상승 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.431-445
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• 2000

In general the prevalence of old people is high and frequently have multiple diseases and symtoms requiring treatment. The nature of illness in the elderly has to be faced, and drugs do have an important part in the treatment of that illness. The purpose of this study were to describe health status and medication, and to provide some basic data for elderly's health education, especially for the right medication. Body mass index, self perceived health status, activities of daily living, disease and experience of past operation were surveyed to recognize the 249 elderly's actual health status. The degree of the elderly's understanding the way of medication, experience of side effects, experience of drug combination and incidence of drug adverse reaction along with drug combination were examined for medication. The aged $women(BMI; 10.7\pm13.3\%)$ overweighed the aged $men(BMI; 4.0\pm10.4\%)$. $69.0\%$ of them recognized their health good. Their activities of daily living were diminished following by the age group(p=0.0068) and relationship with self perceived health status were very significant(p=0.0005). They(192 elderly) suffered from multiple disease such as $osteoarthritis(49.5\%)$, $hypertension(32.0\%)$, gastric $disorder(16.1%)$, $diabetes(14.6\%)$, $osteomalacia(10.9\%)$, cardiovascular $disease(9.9\%)$, senile $cataract(5.7\%)$, skin $rash(5.2\%)$, liver $disease(4.2\%)$, kidney $disease(3.6\%)$, spinal cord $problem(3.6\%)$, respiratory $disease(2.1\%)$ $tuberculosis(1.0\%)\;etc(1.0\%).$ $28.3\%$ of them replied that they had an operation for appendictis senile cataract, peptic ulcer, spinal cord problem, pleurisy, hemorrhoid and the rest. Most of $them(87.4\%)$ knew the way very well how to use drugs, and $21.6\%$ of the replied 171 elderly experienced adverse drug reaction. Drug compliance rate were $high(83.6\%)$. In our study 56.9% of the 167 elderly took several medicine together. And $18.9\%$ of the 95 elderly who did drug combination had an experience of drug interaction. One person kept average 5.5 kinds of drugs at home among 243 elderly. They kept $digestives(79.4\%)$, $ointments(68.7\%)$, $vitamins(59.7\%)$, $analgesics(59.7\%)$, cold $medicines(45.3\%)$ antiarthritic $drugs(33.3\%)$, health $foods(27.7\%)$, antihypertensive $drugs(25.1\%)$, anti peptic ulcer $drugs(24.7\%)$, $laxatives(19.8\%)$, $antacids(16.5\%),\;antibiotics(l6.5\%)$, hypoglycemic $agents(10.3\%)$, cardiac $stimulants(7.0\%)$, $diuretics(4.5\%)$, antiarrhythmic $drugs(4.9\%)$, anti anginal $drugs(4.1\%)$, $hypnotics(3.3\%)$, $etc(38.3\%)$. With this result, we ascertain that polypharmacy in the elderly caused by multiple disease is common, which lead to drug interaction. So our task is to educate elderly how to use drugs in order to maximize their efficiency and to minimize their adverse effects.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.136-143
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• 1986

구기자추출물(枸杞子抽出物)을 시료(試料)로 mouse의 독성실험(毒性實驗), 실험적(實驗的)으로 유발(誘發)시킨 가토(家兎)의 간장기능장애(肝臟機能障碍) 및 alloxan부하당뇨병(負荷糖尿病)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 실험(實驗)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Mouse의 급성독성실험(急性毒性實驗)에서 복강투여(腹腔投與)의 경우 평균치사량(平均致死量)은 12.17g/kg이었다. 2. $CC1_4$로 간장기능장애(肝臟機能障碍)가 유발(誘發)된 가토(家兎)에 구기자추출물투여(枸杞子抽出物投與)는 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 유의성(有意性)있는 회복도(回復度)를 보였는데 특(特)히 대량투여군(大量投與群)에서 더욱 빨랐다. 1) GPT활성도(活性度) 및 total bilirubin은 시료투여군(試料投與群)에서 아주 우수(優秀)한 저하효과(低下效果)를 나타냈다. 특(特)히 GPT활성도(活性度)에서 200mg/kg은 제(第)8일(日)째부터, 800mg/kg은 제(第)6일(日)째부터 유의성(有意性)이 있었다. 2) Alkaline phosphatase치는(値) 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 커다란 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3) Alloxan으로 유발(誘發)한 가토(家兎)의 고혈당(高血糖)에 대하여 800mg/kg는 아주 탁월한 혈당강하효과(血糖降下效果)를 나타냈다. 즉(卽) 제(第)4일(日)째부터 대조군(對照群)에 비하여 유의성(有意性)이 있었으며 제(第)12일(日)째는 정상치(正常値)에 거의 접근(接近)하였다. 또한 GPT활성도(活性度)는 차츰 저하(低下)되어 제(第)6일(日)째부터 저하효과(低下效果)가 뚜렷하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.713-719
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• 2003

본 연구는 220 g 내외의 흰쥐를 이용하여 정상군, 당뇨대조군, 택사투여군(Ac), 택사와 비타민 E 병용투여군(Ac-VE), 비타민 E투여군(VE)으로 구분하여 실험하였다. 21일간 택사의 BuOH 분획물(400 mg/kg B.W.)과 비타민 E(10 mg/kg B.W.)를 단독 혹은 병용투여한 후 혈당과 혈중 지질함량을 분석하였다. 정상군을 제외한 모든 실험군에서 체중이 감소하였으며, 당뇨대조군에 비해 당뇨 실험군의 체중은 높은 경향을 보였다. 혈당 수준은 택사 투여시 실험 21일째에 당뇨대조군에 비해 유의적으로 감소되었다(p<0.05). 인슐린수준은 당뇨유발군간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, Ac-VE투여군의 수치가 다른 군에 비해 높았다. 혈중 콜레스테롤 수준은 실험 14일째에는 당뇨대조군에 비해 모든 당뇨실험군이 유의적으로 낮았으며(p<0.05), 실험 21일째에는 Ac투여군에서 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol함량, 중성지방, 동맥경화지수 및 혈장 유리지방산의 수준은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. ALT 및 AST 활성도는 당뇨대조군에 비해 모든 당뇨실험군이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 이 결과 택사 및 비타민 E의 투여가 실험 당뇨 쥐의 혈당 감소와 체중감소 완화, 간의 손상 감소에 효과가 있음을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 본 실험기간동안 택사와 비타민 E 병용투여시 상승효과는 보이지 않았다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1231-1244
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to report the glucose-lowering effect and safety of herbal extracts in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: We investigated 21 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were administered Daeshiho-tang, Bojungikgi-tang, Jowiseunggi-tang, and Hoechunyanggyeok-san at Kyung-Hee University Korean Medical Hospital from 2014 to 2019. The hypoglycemic effect of the herbal extracts was assessed by comparing blood glucose levels, including fasting blood sugar (FBS) and 2-hour postprandial glucose (PP2) levels. For safety assessment, the effects of herbal extracts on liver and kidney function were analyzed by liver function tests, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and kidney function tests, including blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Patients were stratified according to their glycated hemoglobin (<6.5 or >6.5) levels and the kind of herbal extract used for treatment. Results: After administration of herbal extracts, FBS and PP2 significantly decreased to 20.24 mg/dL and 35.0 mg/dL respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that, regardless of the glycated hemoglobin level, FBS and PP2 were significantly reduced in both groups. The safety profile showed no significant difference before and after taking herbal extracts. Conclusions: Daeshigo-tang, Bojungikgi-tang, Jowiseunggi-tang, and Hoechunyanggyeok-san may show the further glucose-lowering effects on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have already treated with anti-hyperglycemic agents.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2019

본 연구는 식물성 모링가와 칡이 호르몬-민감성 전립선암에 어떤 효능을 나타내는지를 확인하고자 전립선 특이항원 및 항산화 활성과 항암활성을 분석하였다. 각각 에탄올로 추출하여 control, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 50.0mg/ml의 농도에서 DPPH 분석한 결과 칡은 50mg/ml에서 42.1%, 과라나는 73.9%의 소거율을 보여 유의적인 항산화 활성이 있음을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 호르몬에 민감한 인체 전립선암 세포주인 LNCaP에서 항암효과를 분석한 결과, 10mg/ml의 농도에서 모링가는 22±4.24%, 칡은 39.9±3.53%의 성장률을 나타냄으로써 분석한 두 가지 추출물 모두에서 뚜렷한 항암 효과가 있었고, 모링가 추출물이 칡 추출물보다 다소 높은 항산화 활성과 항암효과를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 천연 식물성 성분인 칡과 모링가가 호르몬에 민감한 전립선암의 예방과 치료에 새로운 항암제로서의 기초자료를 제공하는 것이며, 향후 이들 추출물 중에 어떤 특정성분이 이러한 역할을 하는지와 이에 대한 작용기작 및 안전성연구가 뒷받침되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2003

Drug interactions with food, on occasion, lead to serious nutritional and functional changes in the body as well as alterations of pharmacological effect. It, therefore, should be necessary to take drug interactions with food into consideration for effective and safe therapeutics. Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterzed by abnormal glucose homeostasis, resulting in hyperglycemia, and is associated with increased risk of microvascular, macrovascular, and neuropathic complications. However, the precise mechanism of diabetes mellitus remains unclear. Three basic objectives in the care of diabetic patients are maintaining optimal nutrition, avoiding hypo- or hyperglycemia and preventing complications. Laminaria japonica is a brown macroalgae which can be used as a functional diet due to high content of diatery fiber. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Laminaria japonica diet on the pharmacokinetics of metformin which are frequently used in the treatment of diabetes. Diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin were employed in this study. Blood concentrations of oral hypoglycemic agent, metformin, were measured by HPLC and resultant pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by RSTRIP. The mechanisms of drug interaction with food were evaluated on the basis of pharmacokinetic parameters such as $k_{a},\;t_{1/2},\;C_{max},\;t_{max}$, and AUC. Administration of metformin in normal and diabetic rats treated with Laminaria japonica diet showed significant decrease in AUC, $C_{max},\;and\;k_a$, and increase in $t_{max}$, compared to those with normal diet. This might result from adsortion of metformin on components of Laminaria japonica, causing delayed absorption. The oral glucose test showed that Laminaria japonica diet could lower blood glucose level probably through either inhibiting the activity of disaccharidases, intestinal digestive enzymes, or delaying the absorption of glucose. More studies should be followed to fully understand pharmacokinetic changes of metformin caused by long-term Laminaria japonica diet.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.153-160
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• 2016

The objective was to investigate the hypoglycemic action of catalpol in spontaneous diabetes db/db mice. 40 db/db mice were randomly divided into five groups: model control gourp; db/db plus catalpol 40, 80, 120 mg/kg body wt. groups and db/db plus metformin 250 mg/kg group. Age-matched db/m mice were selected as normal control group. The mice were administered with corresponding drugs or solvent by gavage for 4 weeks. The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out at the end of $3^{rd}$ week. After 4 weeks of treatment, the concentrations of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), insulin (INS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and adiponection (APN) in serum were detected. The protein expressions of phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 in liver, phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle and adipose tissues were detected by western blot. Real time RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Hydroxymethyl glutaric acid acyl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in liver. Our results showed that catalpol could significantly improve the insulin resistance, decrease the serum concentrations of INS, GSP, TG, and TC. The concentrations of APN in serum, the protein expression of phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 in liver, phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2 and GLUT-4 in peripheral tissue were increased. Catalpol could also down regulate the mRNA expressions of ACC and HMGCR in liver. In conclusion, catalpol ameliorates diabetes in db/db mice. It has benefit effects against lipid/glucose metabolism disorder and insulin resistance. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expression of phosphorylation-$AMPK{\alpha}$1/2.