• Title/Summary/Keyword: hybrid consensus

Search Result 14, Processing Time 0.019 seconds

Trend Analysis of High-Performance Distributed Consensus Algorithms (고성능 분산 합의 알고리즘 동향 분석)

  • Jin, H.S.;Kim, D.O.;Kim, Y.C.;Oh, J.T.;Kim, K.Y.
    • Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
    • /
    • v.37 no.1
    • /
    • pp.63-72
    • /
    • 2022
  • Recently, blockchain has been attracting attention as a high-reliability technology in various fields. However, the Proof-of-Work-based distributed consensus algorithm applied to representative blockchains, such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, has limitations in applications to various industries owing to its excessive resource consumption and performance limitations. To overcome these limitations, various distributed consensus algorithms have appeared, and recently, hybrid distributed consensus algorithms that use two or more consensus algorithms to achieve decentralization and scalability have emerged. This paper introduces the technological trends of the latest high-performance distributed consensus algorithms by analyzing representative hybrid distributed consensus algorithms.

Secure large-scale E-voting system based on blockchain contract using a hybrid consensus model combined with sharding

  • Abuidris, Yousif;Kumar, Rajesh;Yang, Ting;Onginjo, Joseph
    • ETRI Journal
    • /
    • v.43 no.2
    • /
    • pp.357-370
    • /
    • 2021
  • The evolution of blockchain-based systems has enabled researchers to develop nextgeneration e-voting systems. However, the classical consensus method of blockchain, that is, Proof-of-Work, as implemented in Bitcoin, has a significant impact on energy consumption and compromises the scalability, efficiency, and latency of the system. In this paper, we propose a hybrid consensus model (PSC-Bchain) composed of Proof of Credibility and Proof of Stake that work mutually to address the aforementioned problems to secure e-voting systems. Smart contracts are used to provide a trustworthy public bulletin board and a secure computing environment to ensure the accuracy of the ballot outcome. We combine a sharding mechanism with the PSC-Bchain hybrid approach to emphasize security, thus enhancing the scalability and performance of the blockchain-based e-voting system. Furthermore, we compare and discuss the execution of attacks on the classical blockchain and our proposed hybrid blockchain, and analyze the security. Our experiments yielded new observations on the overall security, performance, and scalability of blockchain-based e-voting systems.

A Study on Knowledge-based Alternatives Analysis Model(KAAM) for the Best Decision Making in Weapon Systems Acquisition (무기체계 획득시 최적 의사결정을 위한 지식기반 대안분석모델(KAAM) 연구)

  • Park, Kwang-Woong;Lee, Kang-Yeong;Kim, Chi-Han;Choi, Sang-Young
    • Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
    • /
    • v.33 no.1
    • /
    • pp.1-18
    • /
    • 2007
  • In the early stage of weapon system acquisition process, acquisition policy is necessarily established to acquire weapon system in a faster, better, cheaper way. Several alternatives, such as "buy", "domestic research and development", and "technical corporative production", can be considered for the best acquisition policy making. However, the comparison factors for those alternatives have different metrics and values. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to suggest KAAM(Knowledge-based Alternatives Analysis Model) as a scientific method to compare the alternatives having such different metrics and values and giving a weighted and normalized single measurement for the easy comparison. KAAM is a hybrid model incorporating Satty technique, Delphi/Shang method, Consensus method, and SAW method. KAAM is implemented on Microsoft Excel environment and provided tabular form user interface. Finally, an illustrative example is shown using KAAM.

Consumer Acceptance Intention on Block Chain Consensus Mechanismbased Payment System (블록체인 기반 결제시스템에 대한 관광 소비자 수용의도)

  • Jae-Hyun Kwak
    • Information Systems Review
    • /
    • v.21 no.3
    • /
    • pp.27-47
    • /
    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to propose a conceptual model for the tourism application of the block chain consensus construct and to test the intention of technology acceptance of potential consumers. First, we have tried to investigate the security, reliability, functionality was derived. Secondary, structural validation of the proposed model confirmed the factors influencing the acceptance of block chain technology in terms of consumers. Based on this, we apply the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology to evaluate. Individual innovation and block-chain technology have a strong causal relationship with the proposed block chain acceptance intentions based on the Hybrid Block Chain Consensus system, which shows strong innovation and strong cognitive status. In addition, the factors directly affecting the acceptance of block-chain are the benefits expected from the block chain, the technical infrastructure required to use the service, the perceived benefits available. The influence of the surrounding environment on the adoption of technology and ease of use on new technology did not affect the acceptance intention significantly.

A Universal Analysis Pipeline for Hybrid Capture-Based Targeted Sequencing Data with Unique Molecular Indexes

  • Kim, Min-Jung;Kim, Si-Cho;Kim, Young-Joon
    • Genomics & Informatics
    • /
    • v.16 no.4
    • /
    • pp.29.1-29.5
    • /
    • 2018
  • Hybrid capture-based targeted sequencing is being used increasingly for genomic variant profiling in tumor patients. Unique molecular index (UMI) technology has recently been developed and helps to increase the accuracy of variant calling by minimizing polymerase chain reaction biases and sequencing errors. However, UMI-adopted targeted sequencing data analysis is slightly different from the methods for other types of omics data, and its pipeline for variant calling is still being optimized in various study groups for their own purposes. Due to this provincial usage of tools, our group built an analysis pipeline for global application to many studies of targeted sequencing generated with different methods. First, we generated hybrid capture-based data using genomic DNA extracted from tumor tissues of colorectal cancer patients. Sequencing libraries were prepared and pooled together, and an 8-plexed capture library was processed to the enrichment step before 150-bp paired-end sequencing with Illumina HiSeq series. For the analysis, we evaluated several published tools. We focused mainly on the compatibility of the input and output of each tool. Finally, our laboratory built an analysis pipeline specialized for UMI-adopted data. Through this pipeline, we were able to estimate even on-target rates and filtered consensus reads for more accurate variant calling. These results suggest the potential of our analysis pipeline in the precise examination of the quality and efficiency of conducted experiments.

Cytomegalovirus Infection under a Hybrid Strategy in Pediatric Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience

  • Kim, Ryung;Joung, Dai;Lee, Sunghee;Jeong, Insook;Oh, Seak Hee;Namgoong, Jung-Man;Kim, Dae Yeon;Kim, Kyung Mo
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
    • /
    • v.20 no.3
    • /
    • pp.178-185
    • /
    • 2017
  • Purpose: To evaluate the outcomes of a hybrid prophylactic strategy to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in pediatric liver transplantation (LT) patients. Methods: CMV DNAemia was regularly monitored by quantitative nucleic acid amplification test (QNAT) and was quantified in all children. CMV infection and disease were defined according to the International Consensus Guidelines. The hybrid strategy against CMV infection consisted of universal 3-week prophylaxis and preemptive treatment of intravenous ganciclovir regardless of the recipient's serostatus. Results: A total of 143 children who underwent living donor LT were managed using the hybrid strategy. The overall incidence of CMV infection by QNAT was 48.3% (n=69/143). The highest CMV DNAemia positivity was observed in 49.2% (n=60/122) of children in the D+/R+ group, followed by 46.7% (n=7/15) in the D+/R- group. CMV disease was noted in 26.1% (n=18/69) patients. Forty-three (62.3%) children had undergone preemptive therapy consisting of intravenous ganciclovir. No symptomatic patients developed tissue-invasive disease, resulting in no CMV-associated mortality. Conclusion: The incidence of CMV infection was high in pediatric LT patients despite the hybrid strategy. However, tissue-invasive disease in pediatric LT did not occur.

Agouti Gene의 Human Homologue의 Molecular Structure와 Chromosomal Mapping

  • Heajoon Y. Kwon;Scott J. Bultman;Christiane Loffler;Chen, Wen-Ji;Paul J. Furdon;John G. Powell;Usala, Anton-Lewis;William Wilkison;Ingo Hansman
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
    • /
    • 1996.11a
    • /
    • pp.55-64
    • /
    • 1996
  • mouse chromesome2에 있는 agouti locus는 정상적으로는 털색깔을 조절하는 gene이다. mouse agouti gene은 최근에 cloning 되었고 131 amino acid peptide와 consensus signal peptide를 encode한다고 보고되었다. 이 논문에서 interspecies-DNA hybridization approach를 이용하여 mouse agouti gene의 human homologue를 cloning 하였다. Sequence analysis 결과, 이는 mouse gene에 85% 유사하였고 consensus signal peptide sequence 를 포함하는 132 amino acid를 coding하였다. somatic-cell hybrid mapping pannel과 Fluorescence-in-situ hybridization에 의한 chromosomal mapping을 한 결과, agouti gene은 MODY (maturity onset diabetes of the young), myeloid leukemia locus 등이 위치한 human chromosome 20q 11.2에 mapping 되었다. 성인 tissue로부터 추출한 RNA를 이용한 발현연구에 의하면 human agouti gene은 adipose tissue와 teatis에 발현되었다.

  • PDF

Study of Spectral Doppler Waveform Interpretation and Nomenclature in Peripheral Artery (말초 동맥 분광 도플러 파형 해석 및 명명법에 대한 고찰)

  • Ji, Myeong-Hoon;Seoung, Youl-Hun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
    • /
    • v.16 no.5
    • /
    • pp.649-660
    • /
    • 2022
  • In 1959, Satomura used spectral Doppler ultrasound to express the velocity of red blood cells according to time change, and Kato defined a zero-base line that could tell the direction of blood flow, making it possible to know the direction of blood flow. This became the basis for the widely used classifications of Triphasic, Biphasic, and Monophasic. However, the above classification has limitations that confuse users with the meaning and timing of use in a clinical environment. As a result, the American Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM) and the Society for Vascular Ultrasound (SVU) A consensus document on Doppler waveform analysis was declared by the joint committee. This study tried to review this consensus and to suggest nomenclature and modifiers that can be used in the domestic vascular ultrasound clinical field. The joint committee formed by SVM and SVU recommended that the use of the triphasic waveform and the biphasic waveform be used as a multiphasic waveform rather than being used due to the ambiguity of interpretation. In addition, it was agreed to name the hybrid-type waveform, which is a monophasic and high-resistance waveform, which has always been a problem of interpretation in a clinical environment, as an intermediate resistive waveform. In addition, in order to increase the communication efficiency between the interpreter and the sonographer, waveform analysis was classified into a main descriptor and a modifier, and it was recommended to use a single nomenclature by unifying various synonyms. It is expected that this literature review will provide accurate arterial spectral Doppler waveform interpretation and an agreed-upon nomenclature to radiologists performing vascular ultrasound examination in clinical practice, and will be utilized as basic data that can contribute to the improvement of public health.

The Bizarreness Phenomenon in The Contemporary Fashion - Focused on the works of korean fashion designers - (현대패션에 나타난 엽기현상 - 국내 패션디자이너의 작품을 중심으로 -)

  • 박옥미;송정선
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
    • /
    • v.54 no.2
    • /
    • pp.53-65
    • /
    • 2004
  • As the contemporary public consensus prefers individuality to classical things, they have gotten sick of the universality and pursue fashion anew. As a result the new concept of artistic value delivers a shock to ordinary and traditional images. The bizarreness culture of fashion contains two extremes, horror and humor. which make people uneasy but amused by sensuous descriptions. Bizarre things captivate the audience regardless of the violent stimuli. The conversion of aesthetic consciousness is brought accordingly by horror and humor. In this paper, It is discussed that the concept of history of bizarreness and the social effect from its phenomena in current fashion are expressed through the two methods above. The bizarreness phenomena in current fashion is shown as a new hybrid type which has been recreated and came out of the internet. This phenomena has caused abnormal results and ironically mixed products, what was once directness, violence and disgust, are on the other hand enjoyment and amusement. A widening field, the bizarreness phenomenon, as an important implication in which can completely change the current trend, will be on track as a crucial concept representing contemporary cultures.

Hybrid Fungal Genome Annotation Pipeline Combining ab initio, Evidence-, and Homology-based gene model evaluation

  • Min, Byoungnam;Choi, In-Geol
    • 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2018.05a
    • /
    • pp.22-22
    • /
    • 2018
  • Fungal genome sequencing and assembly have been trivial in these days. Genome analysis relies on high quality of gene prediction and annotation. Automatic fungal genome annotation pipeline is essential for handling genomic sequence data accumulated exponentially. However, building an automatic annotation procedure for fungal genomes is not an easy task. FunGAP (Fungal Genome Annotation Pipeline) is developed for precise and accurate prediction of gene models from any fungal genome assembly. To make high-quality gene models, this pipeline employs multiple gene prediction programs encompassing ab initio, evidence-, and homology-based evaluation. FunGAP aims to evaluate all predicted genes by filtering gene models. To make a successful filtering guide for removal of false-positive genes, we used a scoring function that seeks for a consensus by estimating each gene model based on homology to the known proteins or domains. FunGAP is freely available for non-commercial users at the GitHub site (https://github.com/CompSynBioLab-KoreaUniv/FunGAP).

  • PDF