• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.741-762
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• 2003

Ginsenosides, the major active ingredients of ginseng, show a variety of biomedical efficacies such as anti-aging, anti oxidation and anti-inflammatory activities. To understand the effects of compound K (20-O-D-glucopyranosyl-20 (S)-protopanaxadiol), one of the major metabolite of ginsenosides on the skin, we assessed the expression level of ∼ 100 transcripts in compound K-treated HaCaT cells using cDNA microarray analysis. Compound K treatment induced differential expression of 21 genes, which have been reported to be involved in the organization of ECM structure as well as defense responses in human skin cells. One of the most interesting findings is 2-fold increase in hyaluronan synthase2 (HAS2) gene expression by compound K. We found that change in expression of HAS2 gene represents a specific response of HaCaT cells to compound K because hyaluronan synthase 1, 3 was not changed by treatment with compound K. We also demonstrated that the compound K effectively induced hyaluronan synthesis in human skin cells and hairless mouse skin. The human clinical study indicates that topical application of compound K-containing oil-in-water emulsion showed improvement of xerosis, wrinkle and fine lines in the aged skin. We concluded that compound K has anti-aging effects by the induction of HAS2 gene expression and following hyaluronan synthase.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2007

Black rice (Oryza sativa L. var. japonica) has been used in folk medicine in Asia. To understand the effects of black rice hydrolyzed peptides (BRP) from germinated black rice, we assessed the expression levels of about 20,000 transcripts in BRP-treated HaCaT keratinocytes using human 1A oligo microarray analysis. As a result, the BRP treatment showed a differential expression ratio of more than 2-fold: 745 were activated and 1,011 were repressed. One of the most interesting findings was a 2-fold increase in hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) gene expression by BRP. Semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that BRP increased HAS2 mRNA in dose-dependent manners. ELISA showed that BRP effectively increased hyaluronan (HA) production in HaCaT keratinocytes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.1 s.60
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• pp.17-22
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated the effects of Sedum sarmentosum extract on the expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) genes and hyaluronan (HA) production in HaCaT keratinocytes. We also assessed water content (electrical capacitance) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in human skin after topical treatment with Sedum sarmentosum extract. Sedum sarmentosum extract increased expression of HAS-2 and HAS-3 genes in HaCaT cells, when assayed by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR). Sedum sarmentosum extract induced HA production in HaCaT cells, when determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Finally, treatment of Sedum sarmentosum extract on human skin increased the skin hydration and decreased TEWL when measured using Corneometer and Tewameter. Our study suggests that Sedum sarmentosum extract should be a very useful cosmetic ingredient, as a skin moisturizer.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2014

In this study, in order to know the application for cosmetic ingredient, the liposome contained camel milk was prepared and tested in human skin fibroblast. Collagen and hyaluronan synthase-3 (HAS-3) gene expression were increased by camel milk liposome in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas elastase activity and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 gene expression were inhibited. We also found that camel milk liposome regenerated UVB-damaged fibroblast. As the results, we suggest that the liposome contained camel milk is applicable for a potential cosmetic ingredient to improve anti-aging effect.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.735-743
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• 2018

We investigated the effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 ($TGF-{\beta}1$) on equine hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) gene expression and hyaluronan (HA) synthesis in culture models of articular chondrocytes. Equine chondrocytes were treated with $TGF-{\beta}1$ at different concentrations and times in monolayer cultures. In three-dimensional cultures, chondrocyte-seeded gelatin scaffolds were cultured in chondrogenic media containing 10 ng/mL of $TGF-{\beta}1$. The amounts of HA in conditioned media and in scaffolds were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. HAS2 mRNA expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The uronic acid content and DNA content of the scaffolds were measured by using colorimetric and Hoechst 33258 assays, respectively. Cell proliferation was evaluated by using the alamarBlue assay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, and immunohistochemistry were used for microscopic analysis of the samples. The upregulation of HAS2 mRNA levels by $TGF-{\beta}1$ stimulation was dose and time dependent. $TGF-{\beta}1$ was shown to enhance HA and uronic acid content in the scaffolds. Cell proliferation and DNA content were significantly lower in $TGF-{\beta}1$ treatments. SEM and histological results revealed the formation of a cartilaginous-like extracellular matrix in the $TGF-{\beta}1$-treated scaffolds. Together, our results suggest that $TGF-{\beta}1$ has a stimulatory effect on equine chondrocytes, enhancing HA synthesis and promoting cartilage matrix generation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.7-15
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• 2006

In this study, the effect of oligopeptide ($Oligosproutin^{(R)}$) from sprouted black rice was evaluated for possible improvement in skin elasticity. We examined the changes in gene expression on oligopeptide-treated HaCaT cells using DNA microarray analysis. As a result, oligopeptide treatment showed a differential expression ratio of more than 2-fold : 745 genes were activated and 1011 genes were repressed. One of the most interesting findings is a 2-fold increase in hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS 2) gene expression by oligopeptide. We also found that oligopeptide increased cell proliferation, HAS2 mRNA expression and intracellular ROS scavenging activity in HaCaT cells. A human clinical study which oil-in-water emulsion with oligopeptide was topically applied showed significant increase in skin elasticity. These results suggest that the sprouted black rice oligopeptide ($Oligosproutin^{(R)}$) can be effective anti-aging ingredient for cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.295-301
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• 2010

To develop wrinkle care cosmetic ingredients, various species of plant extracts were investigated. Accordingly, Ligustrum japonicum was selected as a candidate for developing cosmetic ingredient. By high performance liquid chromatography, 31.06 % of oleanolic acid and 8.92 % of ursolic acid which are well-known for anti-wrinkle effect were analyzed. The possibility of Ligustrum japonicum fruits extract (LJE) as a cosmetic ingredient was investigated using several biomarkers related to anti-aging, including anti-wrinkle, moisturizing and anti-inflammation. Procollagen type I and hyaluronan synthase-3 gene expression were increased by LJE in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas elastase activity and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression were inhibited. As the results LJE is applicable for a potential cosmetic ingredient focused on anti-aging effect.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

The starfish, Asterina pectinifera Muller and Troschel (Asterinidae) is an indigenous species commonly found in all coasts of Korea causes damages to shellfish farms. In order to exterminate A. pectinifera, they are dried and used as fertilizer. Although various studies have been conducted to create high added value from the retrieved A. pectinifera, their actual utilization is relatively low. Accordingly, this study aimed to find new practical uses of starfish by identifying useful ingredients for skin anti-aging. Two polyhydroxysteroids and one asterosaponin were isolated from the A. pectinifera. The structures of these compounds were identified as $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\alpha},16{\beta},26$-heptol, $5{\alpha}$-cholestane-$3{\beta},4{\beta},6{\alpha},7{\alpha},8,15{\beta},16{\beta},2$6-octol, and asterosaponin $P_1$ on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Among these compounds, we have found that asterosaponin $P_1$ increased epidermal stem cell proliferation and the expression of hyaluronan synthase-2 and hyaluronan synthase-3 gene, which are enzymes that synthesize water-binding matrix hyaluronic acids in keratinocytes. In addition, asterosaponin $P_1$ increased synthesis of pro-collagen type I, a major dermal collagen in fibroblasts. As a result, asterosaponin $P_1$ isolated from A. pectinifera could be used as a useful cosmetic ingredient that improves skin symptoms accompanying skin aging.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 2020

Agaricus blazei Murill (Almond mushroom) has many beneficial effects, such as anti-cancer, immuneenhancement, and anti-obesity. Also, its skin benefits have been reported for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and whitening. In order to elucidate these effects, many studies have been conducted. In this study, we reconfirmed the skin efficacy of the extract of the mushrooms mushrooms. The Agaricus blazei extract showed inhibition of melanin synthesis, enhancement of collagen synthesis, and up-regulation of gene expression (hyaluronan syntahase-2, 3 and aquaporin-3) at 100 ㎍/mL. and identified the ingredients from the extract. We further investigated them to find an applicability as cosmetic ingredients. The ingredients were confirmed comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values. They were identified as being ergosterol (1), 5-dihydroergosterol (2), cerevisterol (3), cerebroside B (4), cerebroside D (5), adenosine (6), and benzoic acid (7). Among these compounds, we evaluated skin efficacy for two cerebrosides and three ergosterol derivatives that have not been reported its efficacy. As a result, 5-dihydroergosterol (2) inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10 and promoted collagen biosynthesis in human dermal fibroblast. In addition, cerevisterol (3), cerebroside B (4), and cerebroside D (5) inhibited NO production in RAW 264.7 cell. In particular, cerebroside D (5) increased the expression of hyaluronan synthase-2 and aquaporin-3 genes in HaCaT. These results suggest that Agaricus blazei extract and isolated compounds can be used as cosmetic ingredients.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.635-639
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• 2024

Skin aging results from complex interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, leading to structural and biochemical changes such as wrinkles and dryness. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation leads to the degradation of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the skin, and the fragmented HA contributes to inflammation. This study revealed that the synergistic combination of carnosine and retinol (ROL) increases HA production in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) by upregulating hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) gene transcription. Simultaneously, the combined treatment of carnosine and ROL significantly attenuates UVB-induced prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) synthesis in NHEKs. A significant correlation exists between the increase of HA synthesis and the inhibition of PGE₂ production. This study suggests that combined treatment of carnosine and ROL can improve skin aging phenotypes associated with UVB irradiation.