• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2022

The denuclearization of North Korea was unpredictable and resulted in radical changes. Despite the skepticism and disappointment surrounding denuclearization, it is important for certain verification technologies to establish what is technically possible or practically impossible, and how reliable these technical means are. This article presents the technical hurdles in nuclear verification by systematically categorizing them into issues of correctness and completeness. Moreover, it addresses the safety and security risks during the denuclearization process, including the radiological impact on humans, environmental effects, and the illegal transfer of material, information, and technologies.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.929-944
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• 2019

Many critical applications require accurate real-time human action recognition. However, there are many hurdles associated with capturing and pre-processing image data, calculating features, and classification because they consume significant resources for both storage and computation. To circumvent these hurdles, this paper presents a recognition machine learning (ML) based system model which uses reduced data structure features by projecting real 3D skeleton modality on virtual 2D space. The MMU VAAC dataset is used to test the proposed ML model. The results show a high accuracy rate of 97.88% which is only slightly lower than the accuracy when using the original 3D modality-based features but with a 75% reduction ratio from using RGB modality. These results motivate implementing the proposed recognition model on an embedded system platform in the future.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2023

The use of Engineered Wood Systems (EWS), especially mass-timber, as a structural alternative or complement to steel and concrete is gaining interest and acceptance across different sectors of architecture, engineering, and construction, including in high-rise buildings. Focussing on the Australian context, this study examines the levels of adoption and barriers to using timber as a primary structural material in multi-storey buildings. Data collected from semi-structured interviews with stakeholders at the forefront of adoption in structural design, construction, and property development indicates that timber in multi-storey projects in Australia still faces industry-wide challenges. Designers' awareness and attitudes towards timber adoption are generally positive and suitable for flagship projects, including tall buildings, but for enduring and widespread impact, long-term investment in education within and outside the range of stakeholders already committed to promoting timber adoption is needed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to compare and analyze the world elite hurdler and the domestic hurdler 3-D kinematic and kinetic techniques about hurdling motion in the 110m hurdles. After analyzing variables in the 110m hurdle run the following conclusions were obtained; In a preparation phase, the domestic hurdler came out running more 0.13m then world elite hurdler from grounding to taking off in the height of center of gravity and the distance by 1.04m. In a flight phase, the domestic hurdler came out taking off 0.33m less then world elite hurdler from taking off to flight peak in the height of center of gravity and the distance by 1.63m. In a flight peak phase, domestic hurdler came out landing more 0.37m then world elite hurdler by 159m. More over, during the hurdling, the horizontal velocity of center of gravity came out decreasing from taking off to landing with domestic hurdler by 0.75m/s. the take off percentage and the landing percentage is 53:47. In a acceleration phase, domestic hurdler came out going slower 0.54m/s than world elite hurdler from landing in the horizontal velocity of center of gravity by 8.78m/s.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.151-151
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• 2020

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.157-167
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze kinematic techniques in the woman's 100m hurdle. In order to find the kinematic parameters, a 3-D video system for kinematic analysis-kwon3d 3.1(Kwon3D Motion Analysis Program Version 3.1)-was used. Eight JVC video cameras(GR-HD1KR) were used to film the performance of Lee Yeon-Kyoung at a frame rate of 60fields/s. The kinematic characteristics from the first hurdle to last hurdle were analyzed at the clearing hurdle spots such as distance, velocities, heights and angles. The real-life three-dimensional coordinates of 20 body landmarks during each phases were collected using a Direct Linear Transformation procedure. After analyzing the kinematic variables in the 100m hurdle run, the following conclusion were obtained; Lee Yeon-Kyoung had to maintain constant stride lengths between hurdles and increase takeoff distance before clearance and shorter landing distance after clearance. She also had to hit the correct takeoff point in front of the hurdle and extend the lead leg at the moment of landing in order to minimize the loss of velocity. She had to sprint between hurdles as fast as possible over 8m/s and run powerful first stride and shortened third stride preparing for the following hurdle clearances.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.259-268
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• 2006

We investigated food preservation hurdles used for Korean traditional side dishes. As a first step of the research preparation and cooking recipes of the side dishes were surveyed, which are commonly used in Korean households. As next step, compositional and microbial quality attributes were measured onto the samples collected from the market. Antimicrobial ingredient added in the preparation are reasoned to work as important hurdles based on the scientific principles. Heating processes such as blanching, boiling, braising, hard-boiling and frying help to keep the produce decontamination or water activity adjustment. Measured salt contents of most side dishes were in the range of 1-5% with those of salt-preserved vegetables being higher. pH values were 4.7-6.4 with those of salt-preserved vegetables being lower and those of hard boiled fishes being higher. Soluble solids of braised or hard-boiled dishes were usually above $40^{\circ}Brix$, while those of blanched and seasoned vegetables had lower values. Water activity values were 0.93-0.95 for seasoned vegetables and 0.77-0.88 for hard-boiled or semi dried beans and seafoods. Product with processing steps of braising or blanching showed lower bacterial load of 102-104 cfu/g, while seasoned or salt-preserved vegetables and seafoods had aerobic bacterial count above 106 cfu/g. Korean traditional side dishes were found to apply the appropriate combinations of heating preparation process, water activity and pH adjustment and salting, providing the required preservation properties.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.541-550
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematic characteristics of the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ hurdle clearances during the final of the 100-m hurdles event at the IAAF World Championships, Daegu 2011. To this end, the hurdling motions of the top 4 ranked female hurdlers in the competition were analyzed. A total of 12 cameras were used to record their motions, with a sampling frequency of 120 Hz. The cameras were calibrated using $11{\times}2{\times}1\;m$ control objects that covered all of the lanes ($1^{st}{\sim}8^{th}$ lanes). After analyzing all the data, we arrived at the following results. For the take-off phase, a negative relationship between the take-off time (CT) and athlete's rank was found. In addition, the average distances from the hurdle to take-off (L1) were shown to be 2.23 m and 2.17 m for the $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ hurdles, respectively. For the distance from the hurdle to landing (L2), Pearson ($1^{st}$ rank) and Carruthers($2^{nd}$ rank) showed inconsistent patterns whereas Harper ($3^{rd}$ rank) and Porter ($4^{th}$ rank) showed consistent patterns. All althetes revealed similar 3 steps patterns between hurdles, which consisted of a shorter $1^{st}$ step, longer $2^{nd}$ step and shorter $3^{rd}$ step.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.355-360
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• 2004

Residual contamination levels of natural microflora in strawberries were evaluated. Approximate counts of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total coliforms, and lactic acid bacteria were 8, 2, and 3 log CFU/g, respectively, whereas those of Escherichia coli and yeasts/molds were under the detection limit (<10 cells/g). Growth inhibition degrees of total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total coliforms, and lactic acid bacteria were also evaluated based on three hurdles of preservative, storage temperature, and pH of strawberry paste prepared as model system. Strawberry paste was stored at low ($4^{\circ}C$), room ($20^{\circ}C$), and high ($37^{\circ}C$) temperatures. Potassium sorbate was added as a preservative up to 0.1%. Acidity of strawberry paste was adjusted to pH 4 or 7. During 7-day storage, inhibitory effects of the hurdles against bacterial groups were: storage temperature > pH of strawberry paste > addition of potassium sorbate. Combination of three hurdles most effectively inhibited growth of residual microflora.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.10-15
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• 1997

Unsteady natural convection of an enclosed fluid has been one of the fundamental thermo-fluid problems, of which dynamic relevance is found in many engineering applications. Together with the inherent coupling between the boundary layers and the interior core, and strong interaction between flow and temperature fields, the unsteadiness poses serious hurdles for analytical and experimental approaches. With the recent development of computers and solution algorithms, computational fluid dynamics has become the prevailing tool to tackle the underlying problems. In this presentation, a few examples of numerical studies are introduced. The usefulness and potential of numerical simulations in investigating unsteady natural convection are elaborated.