• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.244-251
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of cellulose and pectin on glucose and plasma lipid concentrations in healthy women. Eight female collage students were participated voluntarily. All subjects received a fiber-free control diet (CD), cellulose diet (CED), pectin diet (PTD) with each diet for a period of three days with a 4 day interval. The food intake of subjects were monitored every day and plasma level of glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol were determined at last day. Blood glucose, plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol were measured at fasting state and 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 minute after consuming each diet. Plasma glucose concentrations (AUC: Area Under the Curve) of pectin diet was $122.7{\pm}4.0mg/dl$ and that of cellulose diet was $147.6{\pm}8.4mg/d$, but they were significantly lower than in comparison with those of control diet ($197.1{\pm}11.6mg/dl$) (p<0.05) Plasma triglyceride concentrations of the CED ($-83.9{\pm}22.2mg/dl$) PTD ($-9.7{\pm}26.1mg/dl$) showed gradual decrease after each test diet feeding but not significantly different in each dietary fiber added diet (p<0.05). Plasma cholesterol concentrations of the CD was not significantly different in PTD, but PTD was significantly lower than the CED until 3 hours after consuming each test meal (p<0.05). In conclusion, in spite of total cholesterol was reduced only by pectin, glucose and triglyceride were lower than control diet in dietary fiber intake. But there were no significant differences each dietary fiber.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.42-55
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• 2021

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of marine phytoplankton supplementation (Oceanix®, Tetraselmis chuii) on 1) maximal isometric strength and immune function in healthy humans following a oneweek high-intensity resistance-training program and 2) the proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise in a rat model. [Methods] In the human trial, 22 healthy male and female participants were randomly divided into marine phytoplankton and placebo groups. Following baseline testing, participants underwent a 14-day supplement loading phase before completing five consecutive days of intense resistance training. In the rat model, rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=7 per condition): (i) control, (ii) exercise, (iii) exercise + marine phytoplankton (2.55 mg/kg/day), or (iv) exercise + marine phytoplankton (5.1 mg/kg/day). Rats in the exercising groups performed treadmill exercise 5 days per week for 6 weeks. [Results] In the human model, marine phytoplankton prevented significant declines in the isometric peak rate of force development compared to placebo. Additionally, salivary immunoglobulin A concentration was significantly lower following the resistance training protocol in the placebo group but not in the marine phytoplankton group. Marine phytoplankton in exercising rats decreased intramuscular levels and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and intramuscular concentrations of malondialdehyde. [Conclusion] Marine phytoplankton prevented decrements in indices of functional exercise recovery and immune function. Mechanistically, these outcomes could be prompted by modulating the oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine response to exercise.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 1999

In order to investigate the longitudinal changes on zinc secretion of lactating women and zinc intake of breast-fed infants, we examined 20 lactating women(10 primipare and 10 multipare) and their infants during the first 90 days postpartum. We measured the consumed volume of human milk by test-weighing method and zinc concentration by atomic absorption spectophotometry after wet digestion. Weight gain of infants was -5.7, 54.1, 46.3, 42.0 and 32.3g/day at 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days postpartum, respectively. The secretion volume of human milk was 527, 608, 724, 841 and 798g/day respectively. The consumed volume of human milk of breast-fed infants was 432, 503, 603, 715 and 715g/day. The intake level of breast milk to secretion volume reached 85.0% in average. The zinc concentration of the milk was 4.29, 3.32, 2.52, 1.62 and 1.18mg/l, and the zinc intake of breast-fed infants was 1.80, 1.69, 1.45, 1.15 and 0.70mg/day. Zine intake per body weight of infants averaged 0.32mg/kg/day during the first 90 days postpartum. The average zinc intake of breast-fed infants was 1.36mg/day, which is 27.2% of the recommended daily allowance for 0-4-month-old infants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.405-413
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• 1993

The longitudinal changes on human milk volume of 27 Korean lactating women (primiparae=10, multiparac=17) from 0.5 to 6 months after parturition have been studied by test-weighing method in Cheongju and Anseong area. The human milk volume per day increased to 2 months postpartum, and then decreased during lactation. The mean volume(g/day) at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months were 634, 810, 847, 840, 844, 810, and 732g, respectively. The average volume were 791 ($\pm$149) and 786($\pm$131)g for primiparae and multiparae, respectively. The overall mean volume was 788$\pm$135g/day. The distributions of the individual mean volume during the first 6 months of lactation were found 450~549g(3.7%), 550~649g(11.1%), 650~749g(22.2%), 750~849%(37.1%), 850~949g(18.6%), 950~1049g(3.7%), and 1050~1149g(3.7%). The mean volume between primiparae and multiparase was significantly lower than other periods. The peak milk volume during the lactation was observed at 3 months postpartum for primiparae(40%), 2 months postpartum for multiparae(35.3%), and 2 months postpartum for total lactating women(29.6%). The volume of human milk had a significant positive correlation with peak volume and infant milk intake, but no correlation with maternal age, weight before delivery, height, and birth weight.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.713-723
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• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the physicochemical activities such as mineral contents, antioxidantant activities, ${\partial}$-glucosidase activity, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitory effect of Dangmyon (starch vermicelli) prepared with mulberry leaves powder. Mulberry leaves powder was added in ratio (w/w) of 0% (CON), 0.5% (MD1), 1.0% (MD2), 1.5% (MD3), and 2.0% (MD4), and then mineral contents, total polyphenol contents, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antihypertensive activities of the Dangmyon were measured. The mineral contents were significantly increased by the addition of mulberry leaves powder (p<0.001). The total polyphenol contents and antioxidant activities of Dangmyon were significantly increased by the addition of mulberry leaves powder (p<0.05). In terms of antidiabetic and antihypertensive activities showed MD1~MD4 samples higher contents of ACE and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase compared to control (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that addition of mulberry leaves powder to Dangmyon may improve the effects of anti-oxidation, anti-DM, and anti-hypertension and provide health benefits of consumers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.711-717
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• 2008

Anthocyanidins, the aglycones of anthocyanins, are natural colorants belonging to the flavonoid family. Cyanidin is one of the anthocyanidins, used for their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, previous studies have shown anthocyanidin-rich material extracts or aglycone form inhibit growth and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. But, Tumor metastasis is the most important cause of cancer death, and various treatment strategies have targeted on preventing the occurrence of metastasis. This study investigated the effects of cyanidin on metastasis processes, including motility, invasion and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. We cultured MDA-MB-231 cells in presence of various concentrations 0, 5, 10 and 20 ${\mu}M$ of cyanidin. The cell motility was significantly decreased dosedependently in cells treated with cyanidin (p < 0.05) and cyanidin treatment caused the significant suppression of the invasion (p < 0.05). MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities, and MMP-9 mRNA express were not affected by anthocyanin treatment. In conclusion, cyanidin inhibits cell motility, invasion in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.983-992
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• 1997

During pregnancy and lactation, folate status is important because folate requirements increase during the periods as well as maternal folate status influences on pregnancy outcome and human milk folate; especially folate deficiency around periconceptional period may induce neural tube defects(NTDs) of fetus. There have been a plenty of evidences that maternal folate status deteriorates during pregnancy of fetus. There have been a plenty of evidences that maternal folate status deteriorates during pregnancy and lactation if folate needed is not sufficiently provided. The Public health Service of the United States recommends all child-bearing is not sufficiently provided. The Public Health Service of the United States recommends all child-bearing women to intake 0.4mg of folate daily, and the Food and Drug Administration the folate status of child-bearing women and to reduce the rate of occurrence of NTDs. Many authors have insisted that the current recommended dietary allowances of folate for Americans are too low to maintain good folate status. There are little data about Korean folate status including pregant and lactating women. A couple of reports indicated that the folate intakes of Korean pregant and lactating women are below the Korean RDAs of folate and serum folate levels of them are subnormal. The authors pregnant and lactating women. Therefore, it is worth to review the assessment methods of folate status of pregnant and lactating women, folate RDAs for them, the relationships between maternal folate status and pregnancy outcome as well as human milk folate, the methods to increase folate intake, and the problems of large dose of folic acid supplementatiion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4439-4444
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• 2016

The objective of this case-control study was to determine anthropometric and reproductive factors associated with the development of breast cancer among women. Fifty-six newly diagnosed breast cancer patients were recruited from the Oncology Clinic, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), and 56 healthy female hospital employees were recruited as controls. Socio-demographic and reproductive data were obtained using a standard questionnaire. Anthropometric factors (body weight, height, body fat percentage, visceral fat and waist and hip circumference) were assessed. A high waist circumference (adjusted OR= 1.04, [95% CI: 1.00, 1.09]) and being more than 30 years of age at first full-term pregnancy (adjusted OR=3.77, [95% CI: 1.10, 12.90]) were predictors of breast cancer development. The results of this study indicate that weight and reproductive health management should be emphasized for breast cancer prevention in Malaysia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.758-771
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• 1993

This study was conducted longitudinally following the total lipid and cholesterol content, fatty acids composition and Vitamin E content in human milk from 2-5 days to 12 weeks postpartum of 45 lactating Korean mothers. All samples were from well-defined subjects and uniform collection procedures were used. Total lipid concentration increased from 1.98g/dl at 2-5 days to 3.09g/dl at 12 weeks postpartum. However, there was a large variation in the concentration of total lipids. Total cholesterol concentration tended to decrease from 20.68mg/dl at 2-5days to 17.19mg/dl at 12 weeks. In comparison with transitional and mature milk, human colostrum was characterized by a lower percentage of saturated fatty acids including medium chain length fatty acids and a higher percentage of monounsatureated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Therefore, the P/S and M/S ratios of human milk lipids decreased significanlty during lactation. P/M/S ratio of colostrum changed from 0.38 : 0.84 : 1.00 at 2-5 days to 0.29 : 0.61 : 1.00 at 12 weeks of mature milk. Total tocopherol concentration decreased significantly from 833 ug/dl at 2-5 days to 300 ug/dl at 12 weeks.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

Comparing the quality characteristics of kimchi were measured and anticancer effects using AGS human gastric cancer cells were observed. Five kinds of kimchi samples were made of Kanghwa Baek kimchi (KB), Kangwha Turnip kimchi (KT), Turnip: Chinese cabbage = 1:1 Baek kimchi (T1B1), Turnip:Chinese cabbage = 4:1 Baek kimchi (T4B1), Turnip mul kimchi (T). As a result T kimchi showed the best fermentation characteristics among the five samples. T kimchi had a lower percentage of the total number of aerobic bacteria, while the number of lactobacillus was higher than that of other samples. The mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis-related factors found that T kimchi significantly increases the mRNA expression levels of caspases-3 and caspases-9 in AGS human gastric cancer cells as compared to the other kimchi samples. It showed high anticancer effects in the order of T, T1B1, and KB kimchi. As the anticancer effect of Turnip mul kimchi made only of turnip was higher, the higher the turnip content, the higher the anticancer effect. These results show that there were changes in fermentation characteristics such as pH, acidity, number of lactic acid bacteria, and anticancer effects according to the ratio of turnip and cabbage.