• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.311-323
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• 2010

This study includes definitions and major issues relating to product safety, and reviews about product safety laws of Korea and of other countries. In addition, this study suggests several ideas for a future governmental policy concerning product safety and the government policies to guide in securing consumers' safety of products. First, we need to set up consumer safety policies and laws dealing with complex consumer safety issues and to integrate existing laws for the safety of products. Second, opening a consumer safety agency and training workers who have relation to the safety policy, as a profession, are necessary. Third, it is required to redefine the product safety guidelines, strengthen the safety policy and to minimize safety regulations by the government directly. Fourth, each product of the safety management policies must be regularly evaluated and given feedback for improving its effectiveness. Fifth, information gathering, disclosing, and having a feedback system related to product safety should be rebuilt for the effective management of unsafe products. In addition, laws and the aims of product safety management being changed to focus on the consumers, control on imported products, collaboration with network and mutual-assistance systems of product safety-related agencies including international organizations and major countries and taking leading roles in the world are essential.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.423-431
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• 2001

Animals are one of the important memberships of the food chain. The low-efficiency rule of nutrient transfer from one member to the next in the food chain determines the low efficiency of animal agriculture for human food. On the average, about 20% feed proteins and 15% feed energy can be converted into edible nutrients for humans. The rest proportion of feed nutrients is exposed to the environment. Environmental pollution, therefore, is inevitable as animal agriculture grows intensively and extensively. The over-loading of the environment by nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus from animal manure results in soil and water spoilage. The emission of gases like $CH_2$, $CO_2$, $SO_2$, NO, $NO_2$ by animals are one of the contributors for the acidification of the environment and global warming. The inefficient utilization of natural resources and the probable unsafety of animal products to human health are also a critical environmental issue. Improving the conversion efficiency of nutrients in the food chain is the fundamental strategy for solving environmental issues. Specifically in animal agriculture, the strategy includes the improvements of animal genotypes, nutritional and feeding management, animal health, housing systems and waste disposal programs. Animal nutrition science plays a unique and irreplaceable role in the control of nutrient input and output in either products or wastes. Several nutritional methods are proved to be effective in alleviating environmental pollution. A lot of nutritional issues, however, remain to be further researched for the science of animal nutrition to be a strong helper for sustainability of animal agriculture.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.417-425
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• 1994

Although animal studies have been used most often for quantitative risk assessment, it is generally recognized that well-conducted epidemiologic studies would provide the best basis for estimating human risk. However, there are several features related to the design and analysis of epidemiologic studies that frequently limit their usefulness for quantitating risks. The lack of accurate information on exposure in epidemiologic studies is perhaps the most frequently cited limitation of these studies for risk assessment. However. other features of epidemiologic study design, such as statistical power, length of follow-up, confounding, and effect modification, may also limit the inferences that can be drawn from these studies. Furthermore, even when the aforementioned limitations are overcome, substantial uncertainty exists concerning the choice of an appropriate statistical (or biologic) model for extrapolation beyond the range of exposures observed in a particular study. This paper focuses on presenting a review and discussion of the methodologic issues involved in using epidemiologic studies for risk assessment. This review concentrates on the use of retrospective, cohort, mortality studies of occupational groups for assessing cancer risk because this is the most common application of epidemiologic data for quantitative risk assessment (QRA). Epidemiologic data should not be viewed as a panacea for the problems inherent in using animal bioassay data for QRA. Rather, information that can be derived from epidemiologic and toxicologic studies complement one another, and both data sources need to be used to provide the best characterization of human risk.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

The purposes of this study are to analyze sex education content in high school textbooks and to suggest new guidelines for high school sex education content from a gender equality standpoint. The study analyzes sex-related content from high school textbooks based on the 7th curriculum, including subject areas such as Technical/Home Economics, Sciences, Physical Education, Social Studies and Moral Studies. The analysis relies on the framework of Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States that covers 4 levels and 6 categories as well as the framework of Choi (2005) that includes 36 themes in 6 different categories. The results of this study are as follows: First, high school sex-related textbooks are focused mainly on human development and human relations. Secondly, there is a lot of level 3 sex education content within the analyzed textbooks. Third, there are gender inequality issues in the coverage of such topics as pregnancy, contraception and sexual violence. Fourth, there are also gender inequality problems caused by content level. This study recommends that gender inequality issues be included in high school sex education guidelines in the future in order to provide improved and appropriate content for high school level sex education.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.207-220
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• 2009

This study investigates the obstacles to implementing family-friendly policies and offering flexible work arrangements and provides policy directions. A survey was conducted of employers at 147 firms, resulting in 42-43 questionnaires being statistically analyzed. Frequencies, means and factor analysis were conducted by SPSSWIN 12.0. The findings are as follows: First, the main obstacle to implementing family-friendly policies was the burden of cost. Second, eight obstacle factors were extracted through factor analysis. They are; lack of replacement workers and concerns about equity issues, nonfamily-friendly culture, no guarantee of the effectiveness of programs, lack of information about the programs or polices, lack of communication and public relations, potential loss of productivity, administrative hassles, and structural obstacles. Third, there was a difference in implementing flexible work arrangements according to the factors of lack of replacement workers and concerns about equity issues and no guarantee of the effectiveness of programs. That is, the firms which didn't have these two obstacles tried to implement flexible work arrangements more than the others.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2012

The lacks of local workforce supply become a problematic in Malaysian construction industry. Meanwhile, HRP is important during workforce supply to help organizations in order to appoint the right people in the right job. This paper reports on the use of factors influencing HRP towards local workforce supply in the construction industry in general, and Malaysian construction in particular. Semi structured interviews were conducted to 10 interviewees from the government and non-government organizations to investigate current issues of local workforce and the practices of HRP in the construction organization. The analysis methods were based on descriptions of previous tested research. The findings reveal that the lack of local workforce is due to low wages system, safety issues, educational changes, low status and unsecured work, environment in construction industry, developments and technologies changes in Malaysia. The internal factors of HRP were practiced among construction organization are organization strategy, organizational culture, organization changes, leadership and experience, nature of work and empowerment of labor. Meanwhile, the external factors are technology changes, economic changes, legislation and demographic changes. The paper provides valuable information on the practices of factors influencing HRP for local workforce supply in Malaysian construction industry.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.715-723
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate haptic perception related researches into three perspectives: cutaneous & proprioceptive sensations, active & passive touch, and cognition & emotion, then to identify issues for implementing haptic interactions. Background: Although haptic technologies had improved and become practical, more research on the method of application is still needed to actualize the multimodal interaction technology. Systematical approached to explore haptic perception is required to understand emotional experience and social message, as well as tactile feedback. Method: Content analysis were conducted to analyze trend in haptic related research. Changes in issues and topics were investigated using sensational dimensions and the different contents delivered via tactile perception. Result: The found research opportunities were haptic perception in various body segments and emotion related proprioceptive sensation. Conclusion: Once the mechanism of how users perceives haptic stimuli would help to develop effective haptic interactrion and this study provide insights of what to focus for the future of haptic interaction. Application: This research is expected to provide presence, and emotional response applied by haptic perception to fields such as human-robot, human-device, and telecommunication interaction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.sup3
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• pp.239-243
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• 2016

This article investigates ethical challenges cancer patients face in the end stages of life including doctors' responsibilities, patients' rights, unexpected desires of patients and their relatives, futile treatments, and communication with patients in end stages of life. These patients are taken care of through palliative rather than curative measures. In many cases, patients in the last days of life ask their physician to terminate their illness via euthanasia which has many ethical considerations. Proponents of such mercy killing (euthanasia) believe that if the patient desires, the physician must end the life, while opponents of this issue, consider it as an act of murder incompatible with the spirit of medical sciences. The related arguments presented in this paper and other ethical issues these patients face and possible solutions for dealing with them have been proposed. It should be mentioned that this paper is more human rational and empirical and the views of the legislator are not included, though in many cases human intellectual and empirical comments are compatible with those of the legislator.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the self-regulation in E-commerce business and review the major issues of self-regulation in several countries. This paper reviewed the legislation for the self regulation of APEC, OECD and EC, and introduced the regulation system for several countries, such as U.S. U.K and Japan. Also, we analyzed the current issues and problems of self-regulation in Korea and tried to suggest the future direction. There were three different regulations such as market forces, government regulation and self-regulation and the model of self-regulations were shaped in various types. Even though the government made the standard regulations for business sector but it was impossible to direct individual firms and their compliance of those regulations. To compensate the government regulation, the self regulation with low cost is needed and also two kinds of regulations has to be unified to enhance the regulation system in E-commerce. Industries should participate for the regulation voluntarily and consumers must give an award of legislation for self-regulation to motivate the self-regulations of industries.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.4 s.57
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• pp.29-36
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• 2006

Fashion and interior architecture are two areas of design that may share common issues, trends and philosophies, making fashion design human's second skin and interior architecture the third. The concept of 'skin' has become one of the most interesting phenomena in design during the past decade and not surprisingly similar issues can be seen also in fashion and architectural design. The current trend in fashion design is that the skin (clothing) has become detached from the human body and extended into the environment, resulting fashion as art objects. Skin in architecture and interior design has also become detached from the structure so designers have more freedom to experiment by using advanced technologies. The present study attempts to analyze common features of 'skin phenomenon' in fashion and interior architecture that are; detachment, emphasis on space, extension, territorial blending, and digital applications. The researcher has used constant comparative method to categorize the five features among many examples. The limitation of this study is that it is focused on the formative phenomena of projects excluding the philosophies and personal background of each designer. However, it is hoped that the study may assist designers and other researchers to understand relationships between fashion and interior design, hold broader spectrum in art and design.