• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.107-122
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• 1998

Visitor Impact Management (VIM) framework was developed in the United States to help recreation resources management to be more systematic and effective. It consists of a series of steps from examining problems and their causes to planning and implementing management strategies in order to solve the problems. This study was conducted to find management problems in Moodeung-san Provincial Park and suggest some alternatives based on VIM framework. Data were collected by on-site survey and a mail-back questionnaire in August of 1996 in Moodeung-san Provincial Park. Out of 1173, 519 respondents (44.2%) were used for the study. According to the study results, there were differences between users' perceptions about the present use of the park and the users' personal norms about the use of the park. That is, while 46% of the respondents considered the park should be used as 'the place for calm and meditiation,' only 19% of the respondents considered the park had been used as 'the place for calm and meditation.' Three social indicators (the number of users, the number of seeing others' inconsiderate behaviors, and the crime) and four ecological indicators (littering, human waste, trail conditions, and water quality of Moodeung-san valleys) were selected for the major managerial indicators of the study area. Generally, five out of 7 selected indicators were in worse conditions than the evaluative standards, Five indicators which were evaluated as in worse conditions include two social indicators (the number of users and the number of seeing others' inconsiderate behaviors) and three ecological indicators (littering, human waste and trail conditions). Two other indicators such as water quality of Moodeung-san valley and the crime were identified to be important for users' recreational experience. More concerns and systematic investigations on these indicators are needed. This study discussed some management strategies to solve the identified problems, and introduced how mangers may make use of these information for recreation resource menagement in the park.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.348-355
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• 2017

인간활동에 의한 토양오염은 지속적으로 발생되고 있으며, 이를 과학적이고 합리적으로 관리하기 위한 인체 및 생태 위해성평가의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 하지만 국내에서 생태계를 수용체로 하는 위해성평가에 대한 제도적 장치가 마련되어 있지 않으며, 이에 대한 평가체계와 활용가능한 기반 마련이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구에서는 국내형 토양생태 위해성평가(soil ecological risk assessment) 체계를 제시하였으며, 이를 수행하기 위한 구체적인 내용들을 정리하였다. 토양생태 위해성평가는 오염물질에 대한 생태계 보호수준을 의미하는 예측무영향농도 산출을 목적으로 하고, 토양생태 독성자료 수집 및 적합성 확인, 토양생태 독성자료 표준화, 생태독성자료 충족도 확인 및 예측무영향농도 산출, 생태위해도결정의 단계로 수행할 수 있다. 수집된 생태독성자료는 신뢰도지수에 따라 적합성을 먼저 확인하며, 필요기준(국내 서식종, 급 만성, 독성종말점, 토양특성 분류)에 따라 순차적으로 정리하여 평가체계에 적용하는 방안을 제안하였다. 예측무영향농도는 생태독성자료 수준에 따라 저신뢰, 중간신뢰, 그리고 고신뢰 수준 중 하나의 산출 기법을 이용하며, 이를 통해 최종적으로 생태 위해도를 결정하는 방식을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 차후 토양오염물질에 대한 생태위해성평가 지침 제정에 있어 기본 체계로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.216-216
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• 2015

Frequent hydro-meteorological events caused by global climate change and human exacerbate activities, make the water resource problem more complicated. The increasing speed urbanization brings a significant impact on the city flood control and security, water supply safety, water ecological security, water environment safety and the water engineering security in China, and puts forward higher requirements to urban water integrated management, undoubtedly which become the biggest obstacle for water ecological civilization construction, thus urgent requiring an advanced methods to enhance the effectiveness of the water integrated management. The other fields of smart ideas point out a development path for water resource development. The construction demand of smart water resource is expounded in the paper, combining the philosophy of modern Internet of things with the application of cloud computing technology. The concept of smart water resource is analyzed, the connotation characteristics of smart water resource is extracted, and the general model of smart water resource is refined. Then, the frame structure of smart water resource is put forward. The connotation and the overall framework of the smart water resource represent a higher level of water resource informationization development and provide a comprehensive scientific and technological support to transform water resource management from an extensive, passive, static, branch and traditional management to a fine, active, dynamic, collaborative and modern management.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.825-832
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• 2021

A simulation-based approach is proposed to study the protective actions taken by residents during nuclear emergencies using cognitive findings. Human perception-based behaviors are not heavily incorporated in the evacuation study for nuclear emergencies despite their known importance. This study proposes a generic framework of perception-based behavior simulation, in accordance with the ecological concept of affordance theory and a formal representation of affordance-based finite state automata. Based on the generic framework, a simulation model is developed to allow an evacuee to perceive available actions and execute one of them according to Newton's laws of motion. The case of a shadow evacuation under nuclear emergency is utilized to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework. The illustrated planning algorithm enables residents to compute not only prior knowledge of the environmental map, but also the perception of dynamic surroundings, using widely observed heuristics. The simulation results show that the temporal and spatial dynamics of the evacuation behaviors can be analyzed based on individual perception of circumstances, while utilizing the findings in cognitive science under unavoidable data restriction of nuclear emergencies. The perception-based analysis of the proposed framework is expected to enhance nuclear safety technology by complementing macroscopic analyses for advanced protective measures.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.766-775
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• 2007

The use of toxic chemicals was extended as the industry in Korea has grown dramatically during the last three decades. However, list of toxic substances and limit concentrations in the water environment are not consistent within management of ambient water, drinking water and industrial effluent. This article suggests the systematic framework to classify toxic substances in the water environment and deriving their effluent limits. The most important factor for decision-making to classify toxic substances is whether their concentrations in the water environment are higher than the reference concentrations, estimated by considering human health risk and ecological risk. Using a risk-based reference concentration, the ambient water quality criterion, it is possible to derive the regulatory limit concentrations of toxic substances in drinking water and in industrial effluent. The goal concentrations in the effluent, which guarantee the human and ecological safety, should be determined with scientific investigation, balancing environmental benefit and economical effect, considering availability of treatment technology and identifying characteristics of wastewater from different industries.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.263-280
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• 2023

This study examined four ecological systems, namely individual, family, school, and media environments. A series of moderator analyses were conducted to examine variations in effect size estimates across the study characteristics. The current study estimated that the effect size results were gleaned from 360 primary studies, including 90 journal articles and 270 thesis/dissertations, published between 2011 and 2022. The current meta-analysis results supported the ecological framework. That is, the impact of each ecological system on the development of positive and negative peer relationships varies depending on age groups and protective-risk factors. Specifically, for positive peer relationships, the largest effect size of the protective factor was found at the individual level for young and school- aged children, but at the school level for adolescents. Regarding the risk factors for positive peer relationships, the media was the ecological system with the strongest effect size for both young children and adolescents, while the individual-level demonstrating the strongest effect for school-aged children. Results from this meta-analysis allow us to identify some vital intervention areas in terms of healthy peer-relationship development, which should be of considerable interest to the educators and policymakers who are responsible for assessing and intervening with at-risk young children, school-aged children, and adolescents. From a practical standpoint, the current meta-analysis results are expected to contribute to developing effective prevention initiatives by targeting specific protective and risk factors for peer relationship development on the ecological system level.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제108권3호
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• pp.454-467
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• 2019

이 연구는 산지를 이용한 산지경관 파편화 모니터링을 제안하고 실효성을 검토하여 다음의 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 산지경관이 최근 9년간 빠르게 파편화되고 있어서 국가적 모니터링과 관리가 시급하다. 둘째, 산지경관(GIS) 기반의 평면적 파편화 조사만으로는 중요한 생태적 변화를 확인할 수 없으므로 다양한 조사체계와의 연계가 필요하다. 셋째, 산지경관 파편화 모니터링을 환경영향평가 재해영향평가 등과 연계하여 사전예방원칙을 제도화해야 한다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2013

생태모델은 생태계 구성 요소간의 관계를 수치적으로 표현하여 생태계 내에 존재하는 다양한 요인들의 시간에 따른 내재적 변동과 외부 조건의 변화에 따른 반응을 예측하는데 유용한 도구다. 해양 생태모델은 학제간 공동 연구결과를 토대로, 보다 체계적이고 종합적인 접근 방법을 통해, 최근 수 십 년 동안 많은 발전을 이룩하였다. 이 글은 해양 생태모델의 이론적 배경을 살피고, 모델 수립 시 고려해야 할 사항 및 최근 동향에 대하여 소개한다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2005

초기위해성평가는 신물질 개발시 급성자료와 물리화학적 특성자료를 이용하여 위해성평가를 수행하고 정책결정자들에게 위해성에 관한 정보를 제공하여 의사결정 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 초기위해성평가 체계의 틀을 구축하고 구축된 위해성평가 체계를 검증하기 위하여 captan, glyphosate, paraquat dichloride의 세 가지 농약을 대상물질로 하여 인체 및 생태의 초기위해성을 평가하였다. 이때 두 종류의 수계 예측 모형인 GENEEC (GENeric Estimated Environmental Concentration)과 FOCUS (FOrum for the Co-ordination of pesticide models and their USe)가 농약의 노출평가를 위하여 사용되었으며 glyphosate와 paraquat dichloride는 인체 및 생태에 위해성이 낮은 것으로 나타났으나 captan의 어류 위해성은 급성독성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 U.S. EPA RED (Reregistration Eligibility Decision) 결과와 유사한 경향성을 보여 본 연구체계의 신뢰성을 검증할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-71
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• 2018

To improve the ecological function of urban areas, the guideline for applying the Biotope Area Ratio to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was developed in 2005 and modified in the July, 2017. This study investigates whether the guideline has been actually practiced in the real world by searching reports including 648 cases of the Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) and 471 cases of the EIA. The results show that the 38% of SEIA and the 43% of EIA include sections about Biotope Area Ratio, and the 15% of SEIA and the 25 % of EIA are satisfied the threshold of the Biotope Area Ratio suggested by the guideline. The statistical analysis results show that this low level of practice was not improved through the modification of the guideline in 2017. This is because the guideline is forcibleness, its explanation is unclear, and stockholders' understanding of it lacks. In addition, lack of tracking management on SEIA and EIA also contributes to the low level of practice of the guideline. To promote the practice, the efforts to legislate and publicize the guideline are required.