• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.37-48
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• 2017

Recently, the importance of software education is growing because computational thinking of software education is recognized as a key means of future economic development. Also human resources who will lead the 4th industrial revolution need convergence and creativity, computational thinking based on critical thinking, communication, and collaborative learning is known to be effective in creativity education. Software education is also a time needed to reflect social issues such as collaboration with developers sharing interests and open source development methods. Github is a leading social coding site that facilitates collaborative work among developers and supports community activities in open software development. In this study, we apply operational cases of basic learning of social coding sites, learning for storage server with sources and outputs of lectures, and open collaborative learning by using Github. And we propose educational model consisted of four stages: Introduction to Github, Using Repository, Applying Social Coding, Making personal portfolio and Assessment. The proposal of this paper is very effective for software education by attracting interest and leading to pride in the student.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.475-485
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• 2001

The presence of airborne particles in the earth atmosphere expert important controls on the global climate because of their effects on the radiative balance. However, there are major uncertainties associated with the direct and indirect radiative effects of aerosols. In addition, their physicochemical properties cannot only the decline of air quality but also damage human health. Airborne particles were collected by two different commercial air samples, high volume sampler(for TSP) and low volume sampler(for P $M_{10}$ ) at the campus of Kunsan National University during February to September, 2000. In most cases, TSP and P $M_{10}$ were sampled once a week for the duration of 24 hours from 9:00 a.m. In addition samples were collected more intenisve, when the yellow dust was expected. Each sample was analyzed for pH and major ions concentration (C $l^{[-10]}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , N $a^{+}$, N $H_4$$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) by ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Acidity (pH) of TSP and P $M_{10}$ ranged from 5.09 to 8.51 and from 6.22 to 7.54, respectively. The concentrations of airborne particles were found to satisfy both the short and long-term air quality standards during the sampling period. If the ratio of ionic concentrations originating from None sea salt(Nss) to sea salt(ss) in aerosol samples was concerned, it was found that the ionic concentrations from marine environment contributed dominantly in total mass concentration in the airborne particles. When seasonal trends were examined, the TSP concentrations in spring were higher than those of other seasons. It may result form frequent occurrences of yellow dust and during the spring season. The concentration ratio of P $M_{10}$ to TSP ranged from 0.78 to 1 during the sampling period. pH in the airborne particle was highest during spring, but the other seasons maintained almost same level. These results suggest that alkaline species in yellow dust can directly neutralize aerosol acidity. During spring season, yellow dust could be a positive factor that can defer the acidification of surface soil and water by neutralizing acidic aerosols in the atmosphere.osphere.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2007

Purpose: The harvest of hamstring tendon is technically demanding because of the inadequate identification of hamstring tendon separation and accessory tendon of semitendinosus tendon. We conducted therefore conducted an anatomic study, aiming at the anatomic knowledge for graft harvest. Materials and Methods: 20 human cadaveric knees (10 cadavers) were used for the study. The location of tendon separation in conjoined tendon and accessory tendon of semitendinosus tendon were described and recorded. Results: The location of tendon separation of conjoined tendon was average $39.68{\pm}9.97mm$ vertically and $18.57{\pm}2.91mm$ horizontally from the tibial spine. We found that the accessory structure of the semitendinosus tendon was mostly fascia-like structure(17 knees), the tendinous structure, 3 cases which was straightly located 15cm from the tibial crest. Conclusion: We propose that the expected incision for hamstring tendon harvest is centered on the inferior 40mm, medial 20mm from the tibial spine. The accessory structure of the semitendinosus tendon was mostly found of fascia-like structure.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2009

Purpose: In the partial thickness burn management, despite of several advantages, the use of human amniotic membrane has been limited. The authors applied dried bovine amniotic membrane(DBAM) to overcome disadvantages of amniotic membrane for partial thickness burn and compared the effectiveness with cultured allogenic keratinocytes(CAK) that have been recently used for the management of burn. Methods: 16 patients with partial thickness burn, the mean age of 38 ranging 12 to 59 years, between August 2007 and May 2008 were assigned to this study. Either DBAM or CAK was applied, and the secondary dressing was removed on the following day. To compare treatment effect, time for epithelization, Vancouver scar scale and chromameteric results were evaluated. Results: The time for epithelization of DBAM was 10.1 days, that of CAK was 9.1 days, and they were shorter than the previous 2 - 3 weeks. At the follow up Vancouver scar scale was 2.8 for DBAM and 3.0 points for CAK and showed good results. The result of chromameter showed that the $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values of the area applied DBAM were 60.1, 13.6, and 13.3, respectively, and the values of the area applied CAK were 60.1, 12.4, and 12.4, respectively. It was found that the skin color of the healed area after burn was darker, the redness was higher, and the yellowness was lower. After dressing, significant side effects were not observed, and in the cases of applying CAK, it was inconvenient as the moving area had to be fixed. Conclusion: With CAK, DBAM has several advantages such as the shortening of the epithelization period, reduction of scar and pigmentation, and convenient application, etc. Thus it is an effective method for the partial thickness burn management.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2010

Cervical cancer is associated with low antioxidant status. It has a high prevalence especially amongst woman in Asia and is a leading cause of cancer death. Cancer chemotherapy in vivo improved in cases with high p53 expression in the tumor tissue. The restoration of p53 levels could be a potential strategy to increase chemoresponsiveness. Under circumstances where damage is extensive, p53 plays a direct role in trigering apoptosis. To investigate the effect of curcumin (CMN) as an antioxidant agent on anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5FU) induced apoptosis and p53 expression, HPV-18 positive HeLa cells were treated with noncytotoxic amounts of antioxidant. Curcumin induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Morphological hallmarks of apoptosis such as nuclear fragmentation and internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA were observed. CMN caused upregulation of p53 expression, evident from Western blotting data and also increased the susceptibility/apoptosis induced by 5FU. These results show that increasing drug sensitivity of cervical cancer cells by upregulation of p53 using CMN is novel approach and could have a possible therapeutic potential in cervical cancer.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) and to evaluate the association between Epstein-Barr viral load and the development of PTLD in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Methods: We reviewed children aged <18 years who underwent heart transplantation and quantitative analysis of blood Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia at our institute from January 2006 to March 2015. Clinical characteristics and EBV viral loads were compared according to the presence of PTLD. Results: Over 9 consecutive years, a total of 40 heart transplant recipients, were included. Among 28 children with available EBV viral load measurements, seven patients (25%) had EBV viremia only defined as at least one time of ${\geq}457copies/mL$. PTLD occurred in three recipients (7.5%) 4.3, 6.3, and 17.0 months after transplant and all PTLD cases had preceding EBV viremia. The median age at transplant was 5.3 years (range, 0.5 to 6.0 years) in the PTLD group, compared with 11.9 years (range, 0.3 to 17.8 years) in the non-PTLD group (P=0.021). The median values of the peak EBV levels in the PTLD group were 3,452,170 copies/mL (range, 46,750 to 7,622,910 copies/mL); the peak EBV levels in the non-PTLD group were 3,112 copies/mL (range, 2,250 to 103,000 copies/mL). Conclusions: Younger age at transplant and presence of EBV viremia were associated with the development of PTLD in pediatric heart transplant recipients. A prospective study will be required to determine the blood EBV load for predicting the development of PTLD in these patients.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-59
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• 2011

Although online social network services widely used in human networking and recruiting industries, it is showing off its limitations in followings-it's hard to reach the status of seamless connection between offline and online; the incompletion and low credibility of the information came from non-face-to-face profile exchange; and the restraint of user autonomy due to centralized control. This paper defines the ubiquitous social network management which enables the seamless real-time face-to-face social interactions of the users based on WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) who share the same interest in real word and deduces a ubiquitous social network management framework based on it. As an instance of ubiquitous social network management, u-Recruiting service model will be designed and analyzed. The Analysis using the business model will be followed by the possible scenario of service model. The role, value proposition and potential benefits of the each participants in this service model and will be given as well. In order to evaluate relative advantages of the model suggested by this study, 6 cases will be compared.

• Review of Korean Society for Internet Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.78-85
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• 2013

The revelations made possible by Edward Snowden, a contractor of the US intelligence service NSA, are a sobering reminder that the Internet is not an 'anonymous' means of communication. In fact, the Internet has never been conceived with anonymity in mind. If anything, the Internet and networking technologies provide far more detailed and traceable information about where, when, with whom we communicate. The content of the communication can also be made available to third parties who obtain encryption keys or have the means of exploiting vulnerabilities (either by design or by oversight) of encryption software. Irrebuttable evidence has emerged that the US and the UK intelligence services have had an indiscriminate access to the meta-data of communications and, in some cases, the content of the communications in the name of security and protection of the public. The conventional means of judicial scrutiny of such an access turned out to be ineffectual. The most alarming attitude of the public and some politicians is "If you have nothing to hide, you need not be concerned." Where individuals have nothing to hide, intelligence services have no business in the first place to have a peek. If the public espouses the groundless assumption that State organs are benevolent "( they will have a look only to find out whether there are probable grounds to form a reasonable suspicion"), then the achievements of several hundred years of struggle to have the constitutional guarantees against invasion into privacy and liberty will quickly evaporate. This is an opportune moment to review some of the basic points about the protection of privacy and freedom of individuals. First, if one should hold a view that security can override liberty, one is most likely to lose both liberty and security. Civilized societies have developed the rule of law as the least damaging and most practicable arrangement to strike a balance between security and liberty. Whether we wish to give up the rule of law in the name of security requires a thorough scrutiny and an informed decision of the body politic. It is not a decision which can secretly be made in a closed chamber. Second, protection of privacy has always depended on human being's compliance with the rules rather than technical guarantees or robustness of technical means. It is easy to tear apart an envelope and have a look inside. It was, and still is, the normative prohibition (and our compliance) which provided us with protection of privacy. The same applies to electronic communications. With sufficient resources, surreptitiously undermining technical means of protecting privacy (such as encryption) is certainly 'possible'. But that does not mean that it is permissible. Third, although the Internet is clearly not an 'anonymous' means of communication, many users have a 'false sense of anonymity' which make them more vulnerable to prying eyes. More effort should be made to educate the general public about the technical nature of the Internet and encourage them to adopt user behaviour which is mindful of the possibilities of unwanted surveillance. Fourth, the US and the UK intelligence services have demonstrated that an international cooperation is possible and worked well in running the mechanism of massive surveillance and infiltration into data which travels globally. If that is possible, it should equally be possible to put in place a global mechanism of judicial scrutiny over a global attempt at surveillance.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2016

Hypophosphatasia is caused by the mutations in ALPL, which encodes tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). It can be inherited either in an autosomal dominant or recessive manner. Clinically, hypophophosphatasia is characterized by skeletal findings similar to those in rickets or osteomalacia, but serum alkaline phosphatase levels are decreased in the affected patients. Hypophosphatasia can be classified into six clinical forms according to age at diagnosis and severity of symptoms: perinatal lethal, infantile, childhood, adult, odontohypophosphatasia, and perinatal benign. As being a very rare disease, only one case has been reported in Korean population. Here we describe a case with perinatal benign hypophosphatasia with recessive ALPL mutations. Bowing of lower legs was detected in prenatal period and low serum alkaline phosphatase level was noted after birth. During the follow-up evaluation for 4.5 years, bone mineralization and legs bowing were improved but the growth retardation was persistent. As the recombinant bone-targeted human TNSALP became available, the clinical improvement of the affected patients is expected including the case described here with this treatment. More efforts are needed to identify the cases affected by hypophosphatasia.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is a very acute systemic disease in poultry, particularly in chickens and turkeys caused by HPAI viruses. An outbreak of HPAI caused by subtype H5N1, was first reported in a broiler breeder farm on December 10, 2003 in Korea, although there had been twenty one outbreaks of the disease reported in the world before. Since mid-December 2003, eight Asian countries have confirmed outbreaks of HPAI due to the same subtype. The outbreak has also resulted in at least twenty three fatal human cases in Vietnam and Thailand as of May 17, 2004 according to the WHO. Regarding the first outbreak of recent Asian HPAI, it has been suspected that some Asian countries with the exception of Korea and Japan veiled the fact of HPAI outbreaks since the last half of 2003, even though it was first reported in Korea. There have been total nineteen outbreaks of HPAI among chicken and duck farms in 10 provinces in Korea since Dec. 2003 and approximately 5,280,000 birds were slaughtered from 392 farms for eradication of the disease and preemptive culling. The origin of the H5Nl HPAI virus introduced into the country are unknown and still under epidemiological investigation. Current status of outbreaks and characteristics of HPAI will be reviewed and discussed on the basis of genetic, virological, clinicopathological, and ecological aspect, as well as future measures for surveillance and prevention of the disease in Korea.