• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.209-217
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• 2003

The food and nutrition system is a network of processes linking agriculture, food, eating, nutrition, and health. The system includes a series of nine stages (production, processing, distribution, acquisition, preparation, consumption, digestion, transport, and utilization) and two types of contexts (biophysical and sociocultural). Analysis of whole food and nutrition systems provides information about the structure and processes involved in the complete scope of food and nutrition, assisting in the identification of ″upstream″ influences and ″downstream″ consequences in the system. The current analysis gathered existing data about the food and nutrition system in South Korea from public sources and professional publications, and interpreted that information to consider how different elements of the system contribute to health. The findings revealed that South Korea has substantial domestic food production and processing supplemented by imports, widespread food distribution in markets and a growing number of Korean and Western restaurants, a relatively low percentage of household income spent on food, growing use of new food preparation methods such as microwave ovens, a rice/vegetable/fish based three-meal consumption pattern, few recorded digestive problems, increasing calorie storage as body fat, and a relatively low chronic disease prevalence compared to other developed societies. Examination of the full scope of the food and nutrition system provides a broad perspective using whole system thinking that can identify potential strategies for future research and intervention.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.438-448
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• 2000

This paper is concerned about how to increase household income by cultivation of specialty herbal medicines in JeonBuk Province, which is summarized as below: 1. Specialty plant cultivation is considered appropriate in this province, since the quality of soil is good and sandy, together with the warmer climate and little rainfall. 2. It is recommended for the efficiency of production that the cultivation is performed item by item in large scales, for which it is desirable to organize working group unit for each specialty plant item. 3. It is suggested to establish a special union, such as a venture company model, for the effective processing of specialty plants into herbal medicines. 4. It is desirable that the processed herbal medicine products are supplied to consumers via a direct distribution route. 5. It is supposed possible that foods And drugs can be further developed from herbal medicines, which can make extra business.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.65-81
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• 2017

In Korea, sesame oil has been used as a flavor source mainly by edible oil since ancient times, and it has been used by domestic screw pressing. In the 1960's, the demand for edible oils and fats increased significantly due to the improvement of national income and changes in food consumption patterns. In the early 1970's, a few edible oil manufacturing companies with modern solvent extraction and refining plants were established. In Korea, edible oil manufacturers account for more than 85% of employees with 50 or fewer employees. In Korea, there is a very shortage of raw materials for edible oils and fats, domestic production of edible oil is decreasing year by year and import volume is continuously increasing. While importing the edible oil bearing ingredients including soybean and extracted oil in the past, recently mainly imports crude oil and refines it in Korea. Soybean oil, palm oil and tallow account for 70~90% of total imported edible oils. Due to the recent well-being trend, the demand for olive, canola and grapeseed oils as household edible oil has increased and the production of blended oil has been greatly increased. Since the late 1980's, people have recognized edible oil and fat as a food instead of seasoning ingredient and have increased their edible oil and fat intake in Korea. Since the early 2000's, refined oil and fat products produced in Korea have been exported and is increasing every year.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

The study aims to determine the factors and their influence on the income from using public agricultural land of households. Public agricultural land is agricultural land, including land for growing annual crops, perennial crops, and land for aquaculture, leased by commune-level People's Committees with a lease term of not more than 5 years. Secondary data were collected for the 2017-2021 period at state agencies. Primary data were collected from a survey of 150 households renting public agricultural land. The regression model assumed that there were 28 factors belonging to 7 groups. The test results show that 25 factors affect income, and 03 factors do not. The group of COVID-19 pandemic factors has the strongest impact, followed by the groups of agricultural product market factors, land factors, capital factors, production cost factors, labor factors, and climatic factors. The impact rate of COVID-19 pandemic factors is the largest (23.00%); The impact rate of climatic factors is the smallest (6.04%). Proposals to increase income include good implementation of disease prevention and control; increasing the land lease term; accurately forecasting the supply and demand of the agricultural market; raising the level of the household head; ensuring sufficient production capital, and adapting to the climate.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.392-409
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• 2023

The amount of wood waste from furniture production is increasing. Wood waste is diverse and ranges from wood-splitting residues to leftovers from furniture production. Wood waste occurs in companies, household-based industries, and other forms of business where waste accumulates; therefore, an environmental and ethical policy is needed. The aim of this study was to identify products created using wood waste and describe government regulations related to environmental policies. We analyzed the management of wood waste for use as a new product so that it is useful, does not become waste, and complies with policies related to environmental ethics. A case study design using qualitative methods was used. This research focused on managing wood waste in Jepara's furniture and crafts industry for the 2010-2021 period, using 23 sources from primary, secondary, and other supporting documents. Data were collected through observation or gathering information related to research needs, conducting closed-door interviews with research sources, documenting data to strengthen research findings, and using online questionnaires to corroborate information related to wood waste management. This article presents wood waste products designed with optimized environmental ethics and awareness of environmental laws in wood-based industries.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.97-102
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• 2009

Objectives : We determined the anti-inflammatory activity of KCNS-001 that is a herbal formula including 6 medicinal plants and that are used to mitigate atopic dermatitis in oriental medicine. Methods : To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of KCNS-001, we measured the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The concentrations of ROS and relative level of NO were measured with DPPH assay and Griess reagent, respectively. COX-2 and TNF-$\alpha$ were detected by enzyme immuno assay (EIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results : ROS and NO production were reduced by KCNS-001 in a dose-dependent manner. KCNS-001 significantly inhibited activity of COX-2 and suppressed the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$). Conclusions : These results indicate that the KCNS-001 may have an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of various inflammatory disease.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2023

Local governments play a critical role in achieving carbon neutrality and reducing national carbon emissions. To manage carbon emissions effectively, it is essential for local governments to analyze regional carbon emissions. In this study, we developed a model for estimating carbon emissions based on land use and analyzed regional characteristics of carbon emissions to suggest policies for achieving carbon neutrality at the regional level. Our model for calculating carbon emissions is based on an analysis of the activities that contribute to carbon emissions for each land use, and we established the spatial scope of carbon emission calculation. We applied this model to the cities and counties in Gyeongsangnam province, calculating carbon emissions from settlement and agricultural production activities and comparing regional characteristics of carbon emissions. Our analysis showed that areas with larger populations generally produced higher emissions in all categories, but we observed different results in terms of unit emissions, emissions divided by area, population, and household. Based on these findings, we propose policies such as increasing the generation of new and renewable energy using public institutions, promoting the conversion to cleaner cooking and heating energy sources, and encouraging the adoption of eco-friendly automobiles on roads. We believe that our analysis of the spatial and regional characteristics of carbon emissions can help local governments establish effective policies for reducing carbon emissions in their regions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.233-244
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• 2009

This study analyzed the income of orange farming of Lichuan, Jiangxi Province in China. Using a questionnaire, 36 farmhouseholds of Lichuan were surveyed. The results are as follows. First, through the investigation of Lichuan orange farming farmhouseholds, we know that the direct expenses of Lichuan orange is around 2,250 RMB/10a and the direct expenses per household's are about 32,000 RMB. The average production of Lichuan orange is 1,548 kg/10a and the income is around 2,200 RMB/10a. The results showed that in Lichuan area orange farming benefit is more than rice so orange farming has been increasing. Second, the direct expense of Lichuan orange farming, 91% is material cost, 8% is labor cost, depreciation cost is only 1.4%. This result show that orange farming in Lichuan is very labor intensive. Third, there are a lots of young orange trees in Lichuan, so income would be increasing through the year.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.72-76
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• 2009

The sensing system was designed and fabricated to investigate the ferment environment of soybeans. $NH_3$ gas was saturated after about 7 h and $CO_2$ gas was reached the peak after about 8 h in the inoculation of Bacillus subtilis. However, times that $CO_2$ gas and $NH_3$ gas were reached maximum value without Bacillus subtilis were about 15 h and 18 h, respectively. The sample that inoculated Bacillus subtils had deeper taste than one without it. We found that the peak time of $CO_2$ gas means the starting time of fermentation. If we control the operating time after the start of fermentation, it is expected to make a suitable Chungkukjang to individual preference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.1013-1025
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• 1993

Agriculture in Swaziland is the most important sector of the economy from the stand point of export earning, rural employment and dependency for family food. But, inspite of 65.5 percent of the household being busy in food production for family consumption in Swaziland, the import bill of food and live animals is rising from E119.7268 million in 1987/90 (An.St.Bul.1988) . A typical farm size, based on holding's growing crops, is only 1.93 ha which may prohibit owning a four wheel tractor for farm operations. The traditional hand tools are just not efficient and comfortable to operate in order to exploit full potential of the land. There are over 120.000 draught animals which have potential to be utilized in farming. The two wheel-tractor is another energy source which can be used for many farm-operations.