• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.145-161
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• 1989

The objectives of this study are ; 1) To analyze the time use and the invironments of rural housewives household labor according to the characteristics of agriculture. 2) To investigate the factors influencing household labor time. In this study, the rural areas are divided into two groups according to characteristics of agriculture. One is traditional agricultural area-Seokchon Dong in Youngcheon Kun, and the other is commercial agricultural area-Dongpo 1 Dong in Sungju Kun. Two areas are located in Kyungpook Province. 145 housewives dwelling in above two villiages were interviewed. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentile, T-test, x2-test, and multiple regression analysis. Results are as follows; 1) household labor time had not significant differences Hetween Youngcheon and Sungju. But agricultural labor time was longer in Sungju than in Youngcheon. 2) household labor environments in Sungju were better than those in Youngcheon. 3) household labor time was influenced by agricultural labor time and socio-cultural time.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.23-36
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analyze the actual condition of labor during the marriage by estimating the total labor-time of husband and wife and to prove the contribution of labor-time to household. The statistical life-time research data of Bureau of Statistics were used to prove the overwork of wives compared with husbands during the marriage. The result of the study can help to prove the wife's contribution of labor-time to household.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.71-86
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the influencing factors of married men's household labor time by generation to understand the changes in male participation in household labor. To this end, married men were classified into Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y, and the factors of participation in household labor for each generation were analyzed by applying the hypothesis of participation in household labor. As for the data, the original data of the National Statistical Office's "2019 Time Use Survey" were used. Multinomial logistic analysis was conducted to analyze the factors affecting married men's household labor time. As a result of the analysis, household labor time for Baby Boomers can be explained by the hypothesis of economic efficiency, gender role attitude, and the demand/response capability, while household labor time for Generation X can be explained by economic efficiency hypothesis, gender role attitude hypothesis, time-availability hypothesis, and demand/response capability hypothesis. It was found that the household labor time for Generation Y can be explained by the time-availability hypothesis and demand/response capability hypothesis. The fact that each generation has different factors of participation in household labor suggests that the characteristics of each generation should be considered in establishing policies to support the work and family balance for men.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.345-358
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• 1997

This study investigated the pattern of division of household labor between married couples and the determining variables of the division of household work. In addition, this study examined the effect of the pattern of the division of household work and the sense of fairness on marital satisfaction. Two hundreds forty two married couples living near seoul were selected. Both wives and husbands reported their daily time-use pattern. According to the results, flexibility of husbands' work schedules hours of market work of husbands, husbands' sex role attitudes, and the presence of household assistant affected significantly on the extent of household work time. In addition, husbands' household work time had direct effects on marital satisfaction of couples. In wives' hours of household labor, the significant variables were wives' employment status, presence of younger children, total income, wives' sex role attitudes, and hours of household labor performed by housework assistant. In addition, wives' sense of fairness had impact significantly on marital satisfaction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.139-151
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to examine the time use on weekdays and weekends by the time amount of each activities and compare time amounts of single parent with that of two parents family. So two methods were applied, one was secondary data analysis ,the other was deep-interview. The major findings of analysis of time use were as follows; 1) Mothers in single parent family used significantly less time amount of household labor and family care than them in two parent family 2) Fathers in single parent family used significantly more time amount of household labor but used significantly less time amounts of family care than them in two parent family And 3) Mothers in single parent family used significantly more time amounts of household labor and family care than fathers in single parent family. The results of deep-interview were as follows; roughly the amounts of household labor time, family care time, leisure time were of little quantity and absence of spouse, family size, family life cycle stage, economic condition, sex role identity, psychological factor maybe seemed important.

• Women's Studies Review
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.139-173
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• 2012

This paper examines the delayed situations for gender equality in South Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese families despite the challenge to the gender division of labor in modern society, and to analyze the contradiction between the notions of gender equality and the experiences women face in East Asia countries. Using EASS data, we analyze the effective difference over the division of household labor according to women's age and length of school time, attitude for gender division of labor, couple's labor time, and family network. In South Korea and Taiwan, men's actual ratio of household division is higher than Japanese men's. On the other hand, Japanese women's ratio of household division is the highest in spite of their progressive attitude for gender equality. It is due to the difference of women's working time among the countries. In South Korea and Taiwan, women tend to work in full time job, so that they seem to inevitably reduce the time for household labor. The family characteristics have an effect on the women's ratio of household division in Taiwan, and the feature of women's employment does in South Korea. The high percentage of three-generation household contributes to the reduction of housework burden in Taiwan. In South Korea, the higher women's education levels, the higher the women's ratio of household division. Women's weakened bargaining power for household labor is due to the relatively low level of high-educated women's economic participation in South Korea. This paper reveals the effective factors on the gender division of household labor. We propose the necessity of the macro-level analysis as well as the analysis of the personal and conjugal feature.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.117-136
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• 2011

This study examined the effects of the division of household labor on the marital satisfaction of husbands and wives in dual-earner families. Data were collected from 193 couples in dual-earner families; the questionnaire measurements were based on recommendations from the literature review. The questionnaire consisted of inquiries concerning gender role attitudes, marital communication efficiency, division of household labor, satisfaction in the division of household labor, and marital satisfaction. Each of these categories had an individual measurement scale that enabled measurement of its impact on marital satisfaction. The major findings of this study are as follows: The couples in dual-earner families showed egalitarian gender role attitudes and high levels of marital communication efficiency. They also reported high levels of satisfaction with their division of household labor and their marital lives. Wives in dual-earner families had more egalitarian gender role attitudes compared with their husbands, and husbands perceived themselves to be investing more time in performing household chores (that is, in the division of household labor) than was perceived by their wives. Husbands were also more satisfied with the division of household labor and marital life compared to their wives. Finally, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that satisfaction in the division of household labor and in marital communication efficiency (as perceived by the couples) significantly predicted husbands' marital satisfaction. On the other hand, wives' age, marital communication efficiency, and the differences in the division of household labor (as perceived by the couples) significantly predicted wives' marital satisfaction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.369-386
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• 1997

The major purpose of this study is to investigate the urban husbands' participation in household labor and to predict the amount of their participation in it. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1. Husbands participate in household labor(i.e. the housework and the child care)on the average for 114 minutes a weekday and for 240 minutes a holiday. They participate most in the child care among all the household tasks. The employed wives' husbands participate more in the housework than nonemployed wives' husbands. 2. Husbands' paid work time is the storngest predictor of their participation in household labor on weekdays but the age of the youngest child is the strongest one on holidays to both employed wives' and nonemployed wives' husbands. The implication of these findings for husbands' participation in household labor and future research were discussed.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.291-304
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• 2020

This paper examines the factors that drive temporal income diversification in rural areas of the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam, based on a framework that conceptualized diversification as a function of a household's capacity to diversify and incentives (both push and pull factors) to diversify. Drawing from five rounds of the Vietnam Living Standard Measurement Surveys covering a 13-year span (1993-2006), two panel datasets made from five cross-sectional samples are used for the analyses. The data are drawn from the Vietnam General Statistics Office. Both tobit model and Ordinary Least Squares model with random and fixed effects are applied. The main points emerging from the analysis is that income diversification is strongly influenced by household labor capacity. The relationship between household labor capacity and increasing insertion in non-farming wage activities is not driven by unobserved time-invariant factors such as household ability and motivation, but is instead driven by the higher labor capacity of households. In terms of the other household capacity variables, the effect of farm size is much larger in terms of retaining households in traditional occupations as compared to pushing them towards non-farm wage employment. Other variables such as household access to financial capital do not play an important role.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.157-168
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to explore the rural women's labor by measuring labor value economically. To achieve the purpose, this study applied four methods : replacement cost method individual function, replacement cost method generalist, opportunity cost method and shadow wage method. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Time used for agricultural work and household work by with women were 5.3 hours and 3.8 hours each. 2) According to the methods used, the amounts of valuing rural women's labor were varied and ranged from 23,000 won to 43,000 won per day. This study might help recognize the degree of rural women's labor contribution to the household income of farm households and improve the socio-economic status of rural women through showing the productivity of the rural women's labor.