• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 1979

A study on analysis of daily activities and time allocations of Community health Practitioners(CHP) and Community Health Aids(CHA) who assigned to Ocku Demonstration Health Project of the Korean Health Development Institute was conducted for one week from 3rd through 8th December 1979. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy including productivity of the community Health Workers developed by KHDI for rural areas. Five Community Health Practitioners and eight Community Health Aids were selected for the studies and their activities and time allocations were measured by designed format for one week. The following are the summary of the findings. 1. The mean age of the CHPs was 34.4 years with standard deviation 4.8 years, while that of CHAs was 26.9 years with standard deviation 3.1 years. 2. On educational background, all of the CHPs were graduated from Junior Nursing College, six CHAs were from high school and the rest of them from middle school. 3. On marital status, all CHPs were married, meanwhile four CHAs were married and the rest of them were single. 4. On service duration in public health fields, all of the CHPs have worked for less than three years, meanwhile five CHAs for 5 to 9 years and one CHA for more than 10 years. 5. Only one CHP lives in the myon where she works, and the rest of them live in other areas. Three CHAs live in the same myon where they work, and five live in other areas. 6. On types of work, the CHPs have worked on technical areas for 3.6 hours per day and on supportive and administrative activities for 2.7 hours and other activities for 1.8 hours on average. 7. The CHAs have spent 2.9 hours a day on technical activities, 4.2 hours on supportive and administrative activities and 1.6 hours on other activities in terms of time spent on average. 8. The average hours per day spent by CHPs on functional areas were 2.2 hours for clinic activities, 13.7 minutes for maternal health, 30.1 minutes for infant and child health, 13.4 minutes for family planning, 1.1 hours for supporting activities and 1.7 hours for administrative affairs. 9. The average hours per day spent by CHAs on functional areas were 4.1 hours for administrative affairs, 2.6 hours for supportive activities and only 2.9 for maternal health, infant and child health an family planning, and other technical works. 10. The average time spent by CHPs on clinical works were 1.0 minutes for history takings on disease, 2.6 minutes for physical examinations, 1.1 minutes for measurements, 3.8 minutes for administration of medications, 1.5 minutes for educations and 0.9 minutes for others. 11. On the average 92.8 percent of whole working hours of CHPs were spent in the substations, meanwhile 70.4 percent of CHAs were spent in the substations. 12. 17.8 percent of field working hours of CHAs were spent on the roal for their transportations. 13. The average time for unit service performance by CHPs were 10.9 minutes on clinical case, 18.1 minutes on maternal health, 14.8 minutes on infant and child health, 20.5 minutes on family planning and 29.9 minutes on tuberculosis control. 14. The average time for unit service performance by CHAs were 19.4 minutes on clinical work, 19.9 minutes on maternal health, 20.1 minutes on infant and child health, 17.2 minutes on family planning, 22.2 minutes on tuberculosis control.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

Management of driver hours of service (HOS) for commercial vehicle operators has been a continual safety challenge. One of the more critical issues to government and motor carriers is fatigue and fatigue-related accidents. To reduce truck drivers’fatigue-related accident risk in other countries, the government issued the HOS regulations. However, korea government does not have any HOS regulations. The objective of this research gives the clues that korea should have the HOS regulation to reduce truck drivers’fatigue-related accident risk. This study examines the HOS regulation over other countries and conducts relative accident risk analysis using the real data from 3 freight companies. The data set includes 231 accident involved drivers and 462 non-accident drivers. Therefore, the size of the total data set is 693 drivers. One of the most important aspects of early studies of safety and HOS was the need to characterize continuous driving by using the notion of "survival". Subsequent research used a data replication scheme and logistic regression to capture the survival effect. This study uses time-dependent logistic regression. The test of significance between parameters indicates that the first three hours are almost the same risk. In the 10th hour of driving, the risk was more than 2.2times that in the baseline first hour. In conclusion, as driving time goes on, the crash risk increases.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.71-82
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• 2019

Purpose - This study aims to identify the priorities of medical service quality improvement by customer satisfaction characteristics and potential customer satisfaction improvement (PCSI) index based on the dualistic quality classification of Kano Model (1984) for Comprehensive Health Screeening Center in General Hospitals and Centers only for Comprehensive Health Screening and suggest a direction for future improvement. Research design, data, and methodology - Through advanced research on health screening medical service quality, this study set four service quality factors, including tangible, human, process and supportive factors, and 39 measurement items. Based on these items, the study used 117 questions, which consist of dualistic quality factors, customer satisfaction coefficients, positive and negative questions for PCSI index and questions for current satisfaction. 300 effective samples were collected for adults in their 20s who experienced health screening service in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Incheon within the past two years. Collected data were input in the quality evaluation duality table to categorize quality factors and calculate customer satisfaction coefficients by Timko(1993). The study also analyzed PCSI index in comparison with current satisfaction and identified priorities in quality improvement. Results - It was found that the most urgent factors to improve the quality in both groups were adequate waiting hours and emergency response for complications, which are process factors classified as unitary quality. It is urgently needed to improve the quality as the PCSI index was high in supportive factors (complaint response team) as attractive quality in Comprehensive Health Screening Center in General Hospitals and in process factors (prevention of infection) as unitary quality in Centers only for Comprehensive Health Screening. As the PCSI index was low in space use as a tangible factor, it was found that the current level can be maintained instead of improvement. Conclusions - To improve the health screening medical service quality, it is required to focus on process factors (adequate waiting hours, emergency response for complications, prevention of infection) and supportive factors (complaint response team) among service qualities perceived by users. It is proposed to ensure continuous efforts to manage and reinforce priorities as a direction for future improvement in health screening service.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 1992

The insecticide p-nitropheny diethyl thiophospate is alse known by the symbol E.605 and a legion of trade names including “parathion”. The insecticide is widely used in agriculture, but it is highly toxic and now clear that parathion behaves like a cholinergic drug by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase. In order to know acute toxicity and the changes of glucose concentrations and activity according to time lapsed in female mice given orally single with the half dose to $LD_{50}$ of parathion, glucose contents and cholinesterase activities in serum as well as cholinesterase activities in whole brain and spinal cord were investigated, otherwise median lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of parathion given orally against female mice was determined. The results obtained were summerized as follows ; 1. $LD_{50}$ value of parathion given orally to female mice was 7.1mg/kg(95% confidence limits, 3.8-13.1mg/kg) 2. The inhibition rate of cholinesterase activities in serum of parathion-administrated mice according to time lapsed were peakly decreased to 61% after 30 minutes in comparison to control group, but activities were completely recovered after 48 hours. 3. The inhibition rate of cholinesterase activities in whole brain of parathion-administrated mice according to time lapsed were peakly decreased to 49% after 2 hours in completely recovered after 24 hours. 4. The inhibition rate of cholinesterase activities in spinal cord of parathion-administrated mice according to time lapsed were peakly decreased to 57% after 2 hours in comparison to control group, but activities were completely recovered after 48 hours. 5. The changes of glucose contents in serum of parathion-administrated mice according to time lapsed and in directly after death due to parathion poisoning were no significantly difference.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.60-70
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• 2000

It was reported that nursing students had most difficulties in clinical competency due to their short of knowledge and skills in nursing care. Environmental difference between laboratory in nursing school and hospital was another difficulty to them. This implicated that more preclinical competency education is needed in fundermental nursing to achieve skills of care and the laboratory environment of nursing school had to be improved. The purpose of this study was to examine contents, total lecture and practicum house of the fundermental nursing education in nursing schools. It was also examine the difference of contents between hospital in-service education and nursing school. It's study is a descriptive study with study sample of 56 nursing professors who teach fundermental nursing in colleges and universities. Structured Questionnaires was used in collecting data. The result showed that practicum hours total 96.8 hours which was 59% of funderm nursing course. The education regar medication account for large numbers of h Aseptic technique, elimination care, vital oxygen related care were the next common contents. When compared with hospital in-service education, 76% of the education were the same. This suggested that pre-clinical education in fundermental nursing needed to be enforced in its contents & education hours to establish clinical practice centered nursing education.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2017

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the correlation of mental-and oral-health status with periodontal disease. Ultimately, we sought to make a positive contribution to the promotion of periodontal health and the prevention of periodontal disease. Methods : This study was analyzed using the data of KNHANES 2013-2015. The participants of this study were between 20 and 64 years old. The final selection was 1,512 adults. Results : Participants with a sleeping time of less than 6 hours and those who recognized stress showed higher periodontal disease. Number of decaying teeth, oral-health status, toothaches, and chewing problems were associated significantly with periodontal disease. To investigate the effects of general characteristics and mental and oral-health status on periodontal disease, a logistic regression analysis was conducted. Sex, age, education level, smoking status, oral-health status, and chewing problems were variables that affected periodontal disease. Conclusions : This study showed that mental-and oral-health status is closely related to periodontal disease. Therefore, it is expected that this will be used as basic data to effectively improve periodontal disease in adults.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.131-142
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• 2016

Objectives : Using several waves of the Panel Study of Worker's Compensation Insurance(PSWCI), this study analyzed the effect of work hours on health and lifestyle of Korean workers in a sample from the 2013~2014 year (The first survey was completed in August-October 2013; the second survey was completed in August-October 2014). Methods : The research subjects were 1,312 men from among employees who responded to a 2013 PSWCI panel report. Statistical analyses were done with SAS version 9.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results : According to the results of the analysis, the male subjects had differences in economic activity and health conditions based on the length of working hours. There was a significant relationship among working hours and life satisfaction, and the correlation coefficients were statistically significant. The results show that workplace conditions has a direct positive effect on life satisfaction as we anticipated in the hypothesis. Conclusions : Management should focus on the factors identified in this study when developing employment interventions programs to improve the the promotion of healthy lifestyles for adults over the age of 40.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.88-108
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• 2001

Separation of prescribing and dispensing practice in Korea has changed the service pattern of the pharmacy. The prescription dispensing activities, however, are concentrated excessively on the pharmacies near hospitals or clinics. Thus this study was conducted to estimate the number of optimal dispensing cases for the community pharmacy. Forty-six pharmacies were selected using systematic stratified random sampling method, and ninety-five pharmacists were interviewed on their workload of dispensing and other activities at pharmacies. One hundred and seventy prescriptions were chosen based on the length of drug administration and drug dosage form, and the dispensing time was measured by time-watch method. Also pharmacy benefit claims data were analyzed to identify the characteristics of the pharmacies which performed more than optimal dispensing cases. According to the study results, the average work time per pharmacist per day was found to be 10hours 32minutes and the dispensing activities occupied 7hours 36minutes. It took 5.72minutes on average for each dispensing case. The optimal dispensing case was estimated as 75 cases under the condition of 10hours 32minutes work time and 6% allowance rate. Even though the pharmacies near hospitals or clinics participated dispensing services actively, only pharmacies near clinics dealt with more than optimal dispensing cases. For the pharmacies near hospitals they dealt with less than optimal cases, but drug administration period per prescription was almost 3 times longer than that of pharmacies near clinics. Thus the intensity of dispensing activities such as drug administration period is to be considered to estimate optimal dispensing cases more accurately.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors of hospital arrival delays of acute ischemic stroke patients. The study subjects were 126 cerebral infarction patients G Metropolitan City university hospital emergency center. General characteristics, disease-related characteristics and stroke-related were collected by self-reported questionnaires. Hospital arrival times by subjects' characteristics were tested by $x^2$ test and logistic regression analysis. Of 126 cerebral infarction patients, Their average hours taken to move to a hospital was 12.7 hours with the fastest case being 0.5 hour and the most delayed case being 127.8 hours. 61.1%(77 persons) of the stroke patients under this experiment said to have taken 3 hours or less. In logistic regression analyses, Coming to the hospital directly without passing through other hospitals was found to have higher probability of arriving less than 3 hours(${\beta}$=2.960, p=.009), And if LAPSS was tested positive, such cases are more likely to arrive within 3 hours(${\beta}$=2.219, p=.049). For acute ischemic stroke and caregivers need training to be conducted promptly admitted to hospitals for education and treatment hospital stroke screening will help to improve the treatment of stroke patients

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 2018

Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of socioeconomic factors of smokers on their smoking cessation plans, using Korean Welfare Panel data. Methods : Of the 16,664 subjects who responded to the 10th Korean Welfare Panel Survey, 2,246 respondents who answered that they were currently smoking were included in this study. Results : The variables that affected smoking cessation plans were female, low education level, low level of smoking per day, and more than 24 hours of smoking cessation experience. Conclusions : Expanding the smoking cessation program for women, preventing smoking in schools and providing smoking cessation education will likely have a positive effect on smoking cessation plans. In addition, it would be helpful to increase the amount of smoking cessation support aimed at reducing the amount of cigarettes smoked per day and continuing smoking cessation for more than 24 hours.