• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2002

PURPOSE: Estrogen replacement therapy is indicated for the relief of hot flushes and urogenital atrophy, the prevention of osteoporosis and the reduction in risk of cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed by blood pressure, heart rate variability, and climacteric symptoms in menopausal women before treatment and at 1 month during estrogen replacement therapy. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 16 healthy menopausal women (range 49 to 59 years, mean : 53.4 years) attending menopausal clinics for the complaint of climateric symptoms at S. hospital in Chunchoen. They were all non-smokers and no patient had symptoms or evidence of cardiovascular disease. They took estrogen replacement therapy (conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg with or without medroxy progesteron 2.5mg) for 1 month. Blood pressure, heart rate variability(heart period and vagal tone) through ECG, and climacteric symptom were measured in all subjects before treatment and at 1 month during treatment. Climacteric symptom questionnaire which was developed by Neugarten et al.(1963) was modified with 20 items of question(Cronbach's alpha = 88 -.89). The data was collected from Sept. 1. 2000 to July. 30. 2001. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic pressure between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The mean heart period and vagal tone were slightly increased, but difference of mean heart period and vagal tone were not statistically significant between the baseline and at 1 month during treatment. The score of climacteric symptoms decreased significantly from the baseline after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Even though, this study did not show that estrogen replacement therapy led decrease of blood pressure and increase heart rate variability, climacteric symptoms reduced much in all subjects after taking drugs. These results suggest that there is need to repeat study with long term period.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

Objective : Panic disorders are frequently accompanied by major depressive disorder (MDD). There is insufficient information about which clinical factors in panic disorder are associated with comorbid MDD. The aim of this study is to identify clinical factors related with comorbid MDD in patients with panic disorder. Methods : Two experienced psychiatrists diagnosed panic disorder based on DSM-IV criteria. This diagnosis in the 275 subjects was confirmed again by Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Lifetime comorbid psychiatric diagnoses were examined by MINI. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) were used to assess the severity of depressive, anxiety and panic symptoms. Results : The result of MINI showed that 95 patients (34%) with panic disorder satisfied the diagnosis of MDD. Multivariate logistic regression model showed that comorbid generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the symptom of "fear of losing control or going crazy" were associated with MDD in patients with panic disorder. In female patients, the "chills or hot flushes" symptom was also associated with comorbid MDD. Conclusion : These results showed that coexisting GAD and certain symptoms of panic are associated with comorbid MDD.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.194-200
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• 2007

Objectives:This study was performed to investigate the differences of the clinical feature between panic disorder with agoraphobic patients and panic disorder without agoraphobic patients. Methods:Two hundred nine patients meeting the criteria of DSM-IV panic disorder were recruited. One group was panic disorder with agoraphobia(n=78, 42 male(53.8%), mean age $37.6{\pm}9.9$ years), another was panic disorder without agoraphobia(n=131, 81 male(61.8%), mean age $40.5{\pm}10.3$ years). The numbers and frequency of panic symptoms were compared between two groups with t-test, and the logistic regression analysis were used for predicting panic disorder with agoraphobia. Results:The number of panic symptoms during panic attack was significantly higher in the group of panic disorder with agoraphobia than the group of panic disorder without agoraphobia(p<0.05).'Sweating','nausea or abdominal distress','fear of losing control of going crazy','chills or hot flushes'were more frequent in the group of panic disorder with agoraphobia(p<0.05). Among panic symptoms on logistic regression analysis,'sweating',' nausea or abdominal distress','fear of losing control or going crazy'turned out to correlate significantly with risk of development of agoraphobia in panic disorder. Conclusion:These results suggest that the frequency of some symptoms during panic attack may be a predictor of agoraphobia in patients with panic disorder.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate Heart Rate Variability characteristics of menopausal patients with insomnia. Methods: From March 1, 2014 to June 20, 2017, Heart Rate Variability was measured in 102 menopausal patients who visited Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University. We compared accompanying symptoms and Heart Rate Variability values depending on sleep quality in menopausal women. Results: The accompanying symptoms of menopausal patients were as follows: hot flushes (45.1%), tiredness (25.49%), chest discomfort and palpitations (23.53%), headache (17.65%), arthralgia and muscular pain (17.65%), cold sensitivity of hands and feet (15.69%), urinary frequency (14.71%) and anxiety (10.78%). The frequency of chest discomfort and palpitation was significantly higher in the menopausal insomnia group than in normal sleep group. Comparing Heart Rate Variability between two groups, Standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN), Total Power (TP), and Low Frequency (LF) values were significantly lower in insomnia group. Conclusions: Chest discomfort and palpitations were more frequent in insomnia patients in menopausal women than normal sleep group, and Standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN), Total Power (TP), Low Frequency (LF) were significantly lower in HRV values.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2018

Objective: To compare the analgesic effects and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of fentanyl intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (ivPCA) with nefopam, a centrally acting analgesic agent with demonstrated opioid sparing activity, as compared to ketorolac in a tertiary teaching hospital. Methods: A retrospective evaluation of electronic medical records was conducted on patient records including either nefopam or ketorolac with opioid ivPCA for post-operative pain management in general surgery department from January to December 2014. The status of pain control and ADRs were collected. Results: Out of 6,330 general surgery cases, nefopam was given in 153 prescriptions (6.9%) and ketorolac in 81 prescriptions (3.6%). The level of pain control was not different between two groups (70.9% vs. 75.3%; p = 0.51), but ADRs were more frequently reported in nefopam group (9.8% vs. 2.5%; p < 0.05). New ADRs of hot flushes (n = 1) and paresthesia in hands (n = 1) were reported in nefopam group and they were unlisted in the approved package insert. No serious ADRs were reported in both groups. Conclusion: Our findings presented that nefopam showed a similar analgesic effect and higher ADR rates compared to ketorolac as an adjuvant to fentanyl iv PCA for post-operative pain management in general surgery patients in South Korea.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2019

Trifolium pratense leaves (red clover) has been used in Oriental and European folk medicine for the treatment of whooping cough, asthma, and eczema, and is now being used to treat and alleviate the symptoms, such as hot flushes, cardiovascular health effects that occur in postmenopausal women. However, relatively little scientific data is available on the physiological activity of this plant. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of T. pratense leaves using methanol extract of T. pratense leaves (MeTP) on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeTP inhibited the viability of FaDu cells by inducing apoptosis through the cleavage of procaspase-3, -7, and -9 and poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose-ribose) polymerase (PARP), downregulation of Bcl-2, and upregulation of Bax, as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live & dead assay, 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and Western blot analysis. In addition, colony formation was slightly inhibited when FaDu cells were treated with a non-cytotoxic concentration (0.125 mg/mL) of MeTP and almost completely inhibited when cells were treated with 0.25 mg/mL MeTP. Collectively, these results indicate that MeTP induced cell apoptosis via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways, and inhibited colony formation of cancer cells in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. These findings suggest MeTP should be considered for clinical development as a chemotherapeutic option in oral cancer.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.903-910
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• 2016

엉겅퀴와 타임의 복합추출물인 MS-10이 여성호르몬 수용체를 가역적으로 활성화해 여성갱년기에 감소하는 에스트로겐이 효율적으로 사용될 수 있도록 작용한다는 것이 확인되었다. 12주간의 인체적용시험에서 MS-10은 안면홍조 및 야한증, 감각마비, 수면장애, 신경과민, 우울, 현기증, 피로, 관절 및 근육통, 두통, 가슴 두근거림(심계항진), 그리고 질건조 등의 여성갱년기 증상이 개선되었음이 확인되었다. 이러한 MS-10의 여성갱년기 증상 개선은 MS-10에 의한 insulin-like growth factor-1의 개선에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. MS-10은 여성갱년기 증상을 개선하는 천연소재 건강 기능식품으로 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.790-800
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 엉겅퀴 추출물(CE) 및 엉겅퀴 발효추출물(FCE)이 남성 갱년기 증상의 개선에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 25주령 된 흰쥐에 추출물을 6주간 투여한 후, 간독성, 테스토스테론, SHBG, 정자수 및 정자 운동성, PSA, 복부지방, 근육량, 혈중지질, 운동수행능력 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였고 세포 실험을 통해 그 기작을 확인하였다. 천연 추출물에서 있을 수 있는 간독성을 측정하기 위해 간 손상의 지표인 AST와 ALT를 측정한 결과 대조군과 차이를 보이지 않았다. CE 및 FCE 투여 후 남성 갱년기에서 감소하는 테스토스테론의 혈중 농도가 증가하였고, 테스토스테론의 생체 내 활성을 저하시키는 SHBG의 농도는 반대로 감소하였다. 총 정자수와 정자 운동성을 측정한 결과에서도 CE 및 FCE 투여군에서 증가한 양상을 나타냈고, 이는 정자 형성과 활동성에 영향을 주는 테스토스테론 농도의 증가와 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 전립선에 대한 부작용을 알아보기 위해 PSA를 측정하였으나 대조군과 별다른 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 지방조직과 근육에 대한 영향을 측정한 결과 지방조직량은 줄이고 근육량은 늘려 남성 갱년기에서 흔히 나타나는 체지방 증가 및 근육량 감소를 완화시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 남성 갱년기에서 흔히 동반되는 혈중지질대사 이상에 있어서도 CE 및 FCE 투여군이 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방은 감소시킨 반면 고밀도 콜레스테롤은 증가시켜 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것을 관찰하였다. 운동수행능력 측정 결과에서는 CE 및 FCE 투여군이 대조군보다 수영시간이 증가하였고, 이는 CE 및 FCE의 투여가 남성 갱년기에서 나타나는 활력의 저하를 회복시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 끝으로 CE 및 FCE의 테스토스테론 증가기작을 알아보기 위해 세포실험을 통해 테스토스테론 생합성 과정에 관여하는 효소 유전자의 변화를 측정한 결과 처리군에서 합성관련 효소는 모두 증가함을 나타내었고, 전환 관련 효소는 감소함을 나타내었으므로 엉겅퀴 추출물이 테스토스테론 합성을 직접 촉진시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, CE와 FCE를 비교해 봤을 때 전반적으로 FCE가 더 좋은 효과를 나타내었고, 이는 발효 과정을 통해 엉겅퀴 유효 성분의 증가에 따른 것으로 여겨진다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서는 CE 및 FCE가 남성 갱년기 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있는 좋은 소재로 활용될 수 있다는 가능성을 제시하였다.