• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.56-58
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• 2002

Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of the multifaceted host-pathogen interaction is critical in the development of improved treatment and prevention, as well as elucidating how certain bacteria can circumvent host defenses, multiply in the host, and cause such extensive damage. Disease caused by infection with V. vulnificus is remarkable for the invasive nature of the infection, ensuing severe tissue damage, and rapidly fulminating course. The characterization of somatic as well as secreted products of V. vulnificus has yielded a large list of putative virulence attributes, whose known functions are easily imagined to explain the pathology of disease. These putative virulence factors include a carbohydrate capsule, lipopolysaccharide, a cytolysin/hemolysin, elastolytic metalloprotease, iron sequestering systems, lipase, and pili. However, only few among the putative virulence factors has been confirmed to be essential for virulence by the use of molecular Koch's postulates. This presentation describes molecular biological characterization of the virulence factors contributing to survival as well as to toxigenesis of V. vulnificus.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2007

Interactions between viral proteins and host proteins are essential for virus replication. Especially, translation of viral genes completely depends on the host machinery. In potyviruses, interactions of genome-linked viral protein (VPg) with host translation factors including eIF4E, eIF(iso)4E, and poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) has previously been characterized. In this study, we investigated interactions between Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) viral proteins and host translation factors by yeast two-hybrid system. SMV VPg interacted with eIF4E, eIF(iso)4E, and PABP in yeast two-hybrid system, while SMV helper component proteinase (HC-pro) interacted with neither of those proteins. The interaction between SMV NIb and PABP was also detected. These results are consistent with those reported previously in other potyviruses. Interestingly, we found reproducible and specific interactions between SMV coat protein (CP) and PABP. Deletion analysis showed that the region of CP comprising amino acids 116 to 206 and the region of PABP comprising amino acids 520 to 580 are involved in CP/PABP interactions. Soybean library screening with SMV NIb by yeast two-hybrid assay also identified several soybean proteins including chlorophyll a/b binding preprotein, photo-system I-N subunit, ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase, ST-LSI protein, translation initiation factor 1, TIR-NBS type R protein, RNA binding protein, ubiquitin, and LRR protein kinase. Altogether, these results suggest that potyviral replicase may comprise a multi-protein complex with PABP, CP, and other host factors.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2019

유휴 자원을 서로 공유하여 사용함으로써 자원의 가치를 극대화 시키는 공유경제는 오늘날 다양한 분야에 걸쳐 나타나고 있으며 ICT기술의 발달로 점차 확산되어가고 있다. 본 연구는 공유경제의 대표적 사례인 숙박공유 플랫폼 서비스를 중심으로 공유경제 서비스 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 밝혀냈다. 나아가 공유경제 이용의도를 사용자(guest)로서의 이용의도와 제공자(host)로서의 이용의도로 나누어 영향요인을 각각 분석하였다. 연구결과, 협력적 규범, 경제적 혜택, 명예적 보상이 사용자(guest)의 이용의도에, 경험개방성, 경제적 혜택, 명예적 보상이 제공자(host)의 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 두 집단의 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인 간 차이 비교결과, 경제적 혜택은 사용자(guest)로서의 이용의도에 더 큰 영향을 미치고, 명예적 보상은 제공자(host)로서의 이용의도에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2020

So far, research into multinational bank' overseas expansion has focused on foreign direct investment in the financial services industry. However, this study focused its existing theories on multinational banks on decision-making related to the type of overseas advancement of local financial institutions. For research, four environmental factors were considered: the scale of foreign direct investment, the scope of financial services that can be provided according to the rules of the host country, the corporate tax rate of the host country, and the level of development of the host country's banking industry. Through Kotra, data on the total amount of claims from 2010 to 2014 and the regulatory status for the country's financial industries were obtained. Hypothesis are built around theories and survey factors and has been demonstrated through regression analysis. Results show that Korean financial institutions tend to expand as legally independent subsidiaries where the corporate tax rate of the host country is relatively low. Contrary to the previous studies based on the U.S. banking corporates, results show that Korean banks tend to expand in forms of branches to the host countries with high level of banking system development.

• 식물병연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important cash crop in Tanzania as a source of income to cashew growers and provides foreign exchange for the country. Despite its significance, the crop is threatened by fast spreading disease known as cashew Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Field assessment and laboratory tests were conducted to determine incidences of the disease, severity, ecological factors that influence them and explored the pathogen host specificity in six cashew growing districts. The results revealed significant (P<0.001) variation of disease incidences and severity among the studied districts. The results further revealed that there is both positive and negative correlation between the incidence and severity of the disease versus the evaluated ecological factors. The soil pH, soil temperature, air temperature, and relative humidity depicted positive correlation of disease incidence and severity versus ecological factors at ρ=0.50 and ρ=0.60, ρ=0.20 and ρ=0.94, ρ=0.11 and ρ=0.812, ρ=0.05 and ρ=0.771 respectively while nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon depicted negative correlations at ρ=-0.22 and ρ=-0.58, ρ=-0.15 and ρ=-0.94, ρ=-0.19 and ρ=-0.12 respectively. In terms of host range, none of the weed species was found to be a carrier of Fusarium pathogen implying that it is host specific or semi selective. The results revealed that the tested ecological parameters favor the growth and development of Fusarium pathogen. Thus, management of the disease requires nutrients replenishment and soil shading as essential components in developing appropriate strategies for the control and prevention of further spread of the disease.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2014

Cell death and survival are tightly controlled through the highly coordinated activation/inhibition of diverse signal transduction pathways to insure normal development and physiology. Imbalance between cell death and survival often leads to autoimmune diseases and cancer. Death receptors sense extracellular signals to induce caspase-mediated apoptosis. Acting upstream of CED-3 family proteases, such as caspase-3, Bcl-2 prevents apoptosis. Using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), we suppressed Bcl-2 expression in Jurkat T cells, and this increased TCR-triggered AICD and enhanced TNFR gene expression. Also, knockdown of Bcl-2 in Jurkat T cells suppressed the gene expression of FLIP, TNF receptor-associated factors 3 (TRAF3) and TRAF4. Furthermore, suppressed Bcl-2 expression increased caspase-3 and diminished nuclear factor kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) translocation.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.221-237
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• 2019

Multinational corporations (MNCs) usually face indigenous business environments in host countries which are different from a home country's. In this circumstance, MNCs would accomplish low-investing performance if they pursuit the same as the home oriented business strategy in the host country. The more different kinds of specialized environments a host countries have, the more pressure of modifying the international strategy needed for MNCs. This paper examines that how a different market environment between a home country and a host country, through MNC's local responsive managements, can influence investing performance in a host country. This paper conducts structural equation analyses with collected empirical data focusing upon a MNC's market orientation efforts and the realization of management localization (i.e., increasing local sourcing intensity or local sales intensity) as mediators between the specialized environment in a host country and the MNC's investing performance. This paper has several contributions in developing the prior approaches: first, the market orientation variables are regarded not as normal independent factors but mediators; second, two step mediation model is examined to make link between host market's heterogeneity and MNC's performance.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.123-140
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• 2005

본 연구는 메가 이벤트 도입에 있어 지역주민들과의 갈등 원인과 거주민의 인구특성과의 관계 그리고 라이프스타일에 따른 주민들의 지각차이를 부정적 지각을 중심으로 도입저해 요인을 탐색하였다. 그 결과 자동차 경주 도입 거부요인으로 도시환경, 생활환경, 교육환경, 지역산업환경, 그리고 관광산업환경으로 나타났다. 이 중 교육환경과 도시환경이 가장 중요한 거부요인으로 밝혀졌다. 인구통계적 특성과 거주지 및 직장위치, 그리고 개인의 라이프스타일에 따라 자동차 경주 도입의 거부에 대한 지각이 다르게 나타났다. 또한 지역주민들이 우려하는 환경요인을 라이프스타일 유형에 따라 분석하여, 자아과다통제형, 자아탄력적통제형, 자아과소통제형에 따라 서로 상이한 지각이 행사됨을 밝혔다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.225-240
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• 2008

Marek's disease virus(MDV) is a highly cell-associated, lymphotropic $\alpha$-herpesvirus that causes paralysis and neoplastic disease in chickens. The disease has been controlled by vaccination which was provided the first evidence for a malignant cancer being controlled by an antiviral vaccine. Marek's disease pathogenesis is complex, involving cytolytic and latent infection of lymphoid cells and oncogenic transformation of $CD4^+$ T cells in susceptible chickens. MDV targets a number of different cell types during its life cycle. Lymphocytes play an essential role, although within them virus production is restricted and only virion are produced. Innate and adaptive immune responses develop in response to infection, but infection of lymphocytes results in immunosuppressive effects. Hence in MDV-infected birds, MDV makes its host more vulnerable to tumour development as well as to other pathogens. All chickens are susceptible to MDV infection, and vaccination is essential to protect the susceptible host from developing clinical disease. Nevertheless, MDV infects and replicates in vaccinated chickens, with the challenge virus being shed from the feather-follicle epithelium. The outcome of infection with MDV depends on a complex interplay of factors involving the MDV pathotype and the host genotype. Host factors that influence the course of MD are predominantly the responses of the innate and adaptive immune systems, and these are modulated by: age at infection and maturity of the immune system; vaccination status; the sex of the host; and various physiological factors.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.753-758
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• 2006

근래의 외국계 레스토랑의 국내 진출은 의식 서비스 품질의 중요성을 인식시켜주는 계기가 되었으며, 고객 만족은 그 어떤 무엇보다도 중요한 비즈니스 활동의 목적으로 여기게 되었다. 이러한 점을 감안하여, 본 연구에서는 한국에서 패밀리 레스토랑의 고객 만족을 위한 중요한 요소들을 규명하기 위하여, Fishbein의 행동모델을 이용하여 패밀리 레스토랑의 호스트 호명제 서비스 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구가설은 문헌연구를 통해 설정하였으며, 패밀리 레스토랑 고객을 대상으로 설문조사하여 실증연구를 수행하였다. 수집된 설문조사 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 기술통계, t-test. F-test 및 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과 본 연구에서 설정한 4개의 가설이 모두 유의함을 확인하였다. 따라서 패밀리 레스토랑의 호스트 호명제 서비스는 고객 만족을 증대시키기 위하여 도입되어야 함을 유추할 수 있다. 결론적으로 패밀리 레스토랑의 호스트 호명제 서비스는 고객의 만족도를 향상시킬 수 있는 중요한 요소임을 입증하였고, 패밀리 레스토랑의 경쟁력을 강화하기 위해서는 차별화된 서비스를 지속적으로 개발하여야 한다.