Research in Plant Disease (식물병연구)

The Korean Society of Plant Pathology (한국식물병리학회)
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Ecological Factors Influencing Severity of Cashew Fusarium Wilt Disease in Tanzania

  • Lilai, Stanslaus A. (Tanzania Agriculture Research Institute) ;
  • Kapinga, Fortunus A. (Tanzania Agriculture Research Institute) ;
  • Nene, Wilson A. (Tanzania Agriculture Research Institute) ;
  • Mbasa, William V. (Tanzania Agriculture Research Institute) ;
  • Tibuhwa, Donatha D. (Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam)
  • Received : 2021.02.11
  • Accepted : 2021.06.25
  • Published : 2021.06.30
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Abstract

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important cash crop in Tanzania as a source of income to cashew growers and provides foreign exchange for the country. Despite its significance, the crop is threatened by fast spreading disease known as cashew Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Field assessment and laboratory tests were conducted to determine incidences of the disease, severity, ecological factors that influence them and explored the pathogen host specificity in six cashew growing districts. The results revealed significant (P<0.001) variation of disease incidences and severity among the studied districts. The results further revealed that there is both positive and negative correlation between the incidence and severity of the disease versus the evaluated ecological factors. The soil pH, soil temperature, air temperature, and relative humidity depicted positive correlation of disease incidence and severity versus ecological factors at ρ=0.50 and ρ=0.60, ρ=0.20 and ρ=0.94, ρ=0.11 and ρ=0.812, ρ=0.05 and ρ=0.771 respectively while nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon depicted negative correlations at ρ=-0.22 and ρ=-0.58, ρ=-0.15 and ρ=-0.94, ρ=-0.19 and ρ=-0.12 respectively. In terms of host range, none of the weed species was found to be a carrier of Fusarium pathogen implying that it is host specific or semi selective. The results revealed that the tested ecological parameters favor the growth and development of Fusarium pathogen. Thus, management of the disease requires nutrients replenishment and soil shading as essential components in developing appropriate strategies for the control and prevention of further spread of the disease.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

We acknowledge the Government of Tanzania through the Ministry of Agriculture (Cashew Research Programme) for funding support. We would also like to acknowledge farmers' maximum cooperation for providing cashew fields to conduct this study. We also wish to thank Laurence Emmanuel for GIS support, Isaya Mwakabaga and Betram Barnabas for their support during field activities. Cordial gratitude and appreciation go to Mr. Charles Kweyunga, Laboratory Technician (Botany Department) at the University of Dar es Salaam for his laboratory technical support. Authors would like to acknowledge the University of Dar es Salaam and TARI Naliendele for providing important facilities for this study.

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