• Mycobiology
• /
• 제49권6호
• /
• pp.589-598
• /
• 2021

White strains of Hypsizygus marmoreus are more difficult to cultivate than are brown strains; therefore, new white strain breeding strategies are required. Accordingly, we constructed the genetic map of H. marmoreus with 1996 SNP markers on 11 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1380.49 cM. Prior to analysis, 82 backcrossed strains (HM8 lines) were generated by mating between KMCC03106-31 and the progenies of the F1 hybrid (Hami-18 × KMCC03106-93). Using HM8, the first 23 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) of yield-related traits were detected with high limit of detection (LOD) scores (1.98-9.86). The length, thickness, and hardness of the stipe were colocated on LG 1. Especially, length of stipe and thickness of stipe were highly correlated given that the correlation coefficients were negative (-0.39, p value ≤ .01). And a typical biomodal distribution was observed for lightness of the pileus and the lightness of the pileus trait belonged to the LG 8, as did traits of earliness and mycelial growth in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Therefore, results for color traits can be suggested that color is controlled by a multi-gene of one locus. The yield trait was highly negatively correlated with the traits for thickness of the stipe (-0.45, p value ≤ .01). Based on additive effects, the white strain was confirmed as recessive; however, traits of mycelial growth, lightness, and quality were inherited by backcrossed HM8 lines. This new genetic map, finely mapped QTLs, and the strong selection markers could be used in molecular breeding of H. marmoreus.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.295-295
• /
• 2022

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.108-120
• /
• 2017

Modern watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus [Thunb.] Matsum.& Nakai var. lanatus) have fruits with diverse phenotypes, including fruit shape, rind patterns, and flesh color. Molecular markers enable efficient selection of plants harboring desirable phenotypes. In the present study, publicly available DNA markers tightly linked to fruit shape, rind stripe pattern, and flesh color were evaluated using 85 watermelon accessions with diverse fruit phenotypes. For fruit shape, the dCAPS SUN - Cla011257 marker revealed an 81% of marker - trait match for accessions with elongated or round fruits. For rind stripe pattern, the SCAR wsb6-11marker was effective for selecting Jubilee-type rind pattern from other rind patterns. For flesh color, the Clcyb.600 and Lcyb markers derived from a mutation in the Lycopene ${\beta}$ - cyclase (Lcyb) gene, were effective at selecting red or yellow flesh. Forty-eight accessions possessing diverse fruit - related traits were selected as a reference array and their genetic relationships assessed using 16 SSR markers. At a coefficient of 0.11, the 48 accessions grouped into two major clades: Clade I and Clade II. Clade I subdivided further into subclades I - 1 and I - 2 at a coefficient of 0.39. All accessions with colored flesh were classified into Clade I, whereas those with white - flesh were classified into Clade II. Differences in fruit traits between subclades I - 1 and I - 2 were observed for rind pattern and fruit color; a majority of the accessions with Crimson-type striped or non-striped rind were grouped together in subclade I - 1, while most accessions in subclade I - 2 had a Jubilee - type rind stripe pattern. These results imply that reference array watermelon accessions possess distinguishable genetic structure based on rind stripe pattern. However, no significant grouping pattern was observed based on other fruit-related traits.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.433-441
• /
• 2016

Clubroot caused by the protist Plasmodiophora brassicae is one of the most destructive diseases of Brassica crops. Developing Chinese cabbage cultivars with durable clubroot resistance (CR) is an important goal of breeding programs, which will require new genetic resources to be identified and introduced. In this study, we evaluated resistance to P. brassicae race 4 using 26 Chinese cabbage (B. rapa ssp. pekinensis ) cultivars compared to the clubroot-susceptible Chinese cabbage inbred line 'BP079' and the clubroot-resistant European turnip (B. rapa ssp. rapifera ) inbred line 'IT033820'. No symptoms of clubroot disease were found in 'IT033820' infected with P. brassicae race 4, whereas the Chinese cabbage cultivars exhibited disease symptoms to various degrees. The Chinese cabbage cultivars that were reported to be clubroot-susceptible were susceptible to P. brassicae race 4; however, seven of the 20 cultivars reported to be clubroot-resistant were susceptible to this race of P. brassicae to varying degrees. Resting spores of P. brassicae were abundant within the infected root tissues of 'BP079', as revealed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), but they were not detected in root tissues of 'IT033820'. Although resting spores were not detected by light microscopy in root tissues of the clubroot-resistant Chinese cabbage cultivar 'Kigokoro 75', a few spores were observed by SEM. The $F_1$ hybrids from a cross between 'IT033820' and 'BP079' showed no disease symptoms, and all $BC_1P_1$ progenies from a cross between the $F_1$ hybrid and 'IT033820' exhibited a resistance phenotype. In the $BC_1P_2$ population from a cross between the $F_1$ hybrid and 'BP079', this trait segregated at a ratio of 3(R):1(S) (${\chi}^2=1.333$, p = 0.248) at a 5% significance level. Inoculated $BC_1P_2$ plants were either highly resistant or highly susceptible to the pathogen, indicating that the CR to race 4 of P. brassicae carried by 'IT033820' is dominant. In the $F_2$ population, this trait segregated at a ratio of 15(R):1(S) (${\chi}^2=0.152$, p = 0.696) at a 5% significance level, suggesting that CR in 'IT033820' is mainly controlled by two dominant genes. Therefore, 'IT033820' represents a promising genetic resource for developing durable CR breeding lines in Chinese cabbage.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.712-721
• /
• 2015

동양배의 교배육종 효율을 증진시키기 위하여 13품종의 교배친을 이용한 15개 교배조합으로부터 얻어진 실생 4,035주를 시험재료로 과실숙기에 대한 유전력, 양친 평균과 실생 평균과의 상관과 후대 실생의 분포 특성을 분석하였다. 10년간 조사된 교배친 13품종의 숙기 평균과 표준편차 및 변이계수를 분석한 결과 대부분의 조생종의 숙기가 만생종에 비해 숙기 변이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 모든 품종의 숙기 변이 계수는 0.92-3.41사이로 과실의 다른 형질에 비해 변이 폭이 좁고 안정된 형질임을 보여주었다. 유전력은 대부분의 조합에서 0.8 이상의 높은 값을 나타내었다. 숙기의 유전력은 다른 형질에 비해 매우 높아 표현형에 의해 양친을 선택하여 교배하였을 때 후대 실생의 평균치를 추정할 수 있었다. 교배 실생의 숙기 변이의 방향은 만생종 품종을 교배친으로 한 조합에서는 교배 실생의 평균숙기가 양친 평균보다 빨라 만생에 비해 조생이 우성으로 작용하는 것으로 생각되었다. 그러나 중생종 ${\times}$ 조생종 조합이나 중생종 ${\times}$ 중생종 조합에서는 평균 숙기와 거의 일치되었다. 배 과실 숙기의 양친 평균과 실생 평균간에는 높은 정의 상관(r = $0.68^{**}$)이 인정되었다. 배 과실의 숙기와 과중 사이에 밀접한 상관이 존재함으로 숙기에 대해 선발을 행하는 경우 과중에 대해서도 간접적으로 선발이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.333-343
• /
• 2017

Bloomless cucumber fruits are commercially produced by grafting onto the pumpkin stocks (Cucurbita moschata) to restricted silicon ($SiO_2$) absorption. Inhibition of silicon absorption in bloomless stocks is conferred by a mutant allele of the CmLsi1 homologous to Lsi1 in rice. In this study, we characterized the Lsi1 homologs in pumpkin (C. moschata) and its cold-tolerant wild relative C. ficifolia ('Heukjong') in order to develop a DNA marker for selecting a bloomless trait and to establish the molecular basis for breeding bloomless stock cultivars of C. ficifolia. A Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker (CM1-CAPS) was designed based on a non-sysnonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, C>T) of the CmLsi1 mutant-type allele, and its applicability for Marker-assisted selection (MAS) was confirmed by evaluating three bloom and five bloomless pumpkin stock cultivars. Quantitative RT-PCR of the CmLsi1 for these stock cultivers implied that expression level of the CmLsi1 gene does not appear to be associated with the bloom/bloomless trait and may differ depending on plant species and tissues. A full length cDNA of the Lsi1 homolog [named CfLsi1($B^+$)] of 'Heukjong' (C. ficifolia), was cloned and sequence comparison between CmLsi1($B^+$) and CfLsi1($B^+$) revealed that there exists total 24 SNPs, of which three were non-synonymous. Phylogenetic analysis of CfLsi1($B^+$) and Lsi1 homologs further revealed that CfLsi1($B^+$) is closesly related to Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) and most similar to CpNIP1 of C. pepo than C. moschata.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.149-164
• /
• 2017

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have led to the rapid accumulation of genome sequences through whole-genome sequencing and re-sequencing of crop species. Genomic resources provide the opportunity for a new revolution in plant breeding by facilitating the dissection of complex traits. Among vegetable crops, reference genomes have been sequenced and assembled for several species in the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families, including tomato, pepper, cucumber, watermelon, and melon. These reference genomes have been leveraged for re-sequencing of diverse germplasm collections to explore genome-wide sequence variations, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The use of genome-wide SNPs and high-throughput genotyping methods has led to the development of new strategies for dissecting complex quantitative traits, such as genome-wide association study (GWAS). In addition, the use of multi-parent populations, including nested association mapping (NAM) and multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) populations, has helped increase the accuracy of quantitative trait loci (QTL) detection. Consequently, a number of QTL have been discovered for agronomically important traits, such as disease resistance and fruit traits, with high mapping resolution. The molecular markers for these QTL represent a useful resource for enhancing selection efficiency via marker-assisted selection (MAS) in vegetable breeding programs. In this review, we discuss current genomic resources and marker-trait association analysis to facilitate genome-assisted breeding in vegetable species in the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae families.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.1014-1024
• /
• 2010

고추 탄저병은 국내외에서 고추 생산에 있어 많은 피해를 주는 병중의 하나로서, $Colletotrichum$ spp.에 의해 발생하며 현재 가장 많은 빈도를 나타내는 종은 $C.$ $acutatum$으로 보고되고 있다. 살균제에 대한 내성이 있는 것으로 보고되어 저항성 품종의 육성이 요구되어지고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 $Capsicum$ $baccatum$ 종내 교잡을 통해 고추 탄저병 저항성 육종을 위한 MAS(marker assisted selection) 체계를 개발하는 기초연구로서 저항성과 관련한 QTL분석을 수행하였다. 저항성 검정결과 고추 탄저병저항성은 85%의 높은 광의의 유전력을 보였다. 양적형질 유전자좌 분석 결과 신뢰수준 이상의 LOD 수준을 보인 2개의 QTL($An8.1$, $An9.1$)이 탐색되었고, $R^2$가 2.04%와 14.36%이었다. 유전적인 효과는 $An8.1$은 상가적 효과가 0.46으로, $An9.1$은 상가적 효과가 -4.52로 나타났다. $An8.1$과 $An9.1$은 상처접종에 의해 나타나는 저항성 반응과 관련이 있는 것으로 생각되었다. 포장검정(08NR)과 관련한 QTL들은 신뢰수준이상의 LOD수준을 보이는 QTL은 탐색할 수 없었으나, $R^2$가 19.9%인 $An3.1$와 30.8%인 $An3.1$을 포함한 5개 QTL의 전체 $R^2$가 60.73%로 나타나 고추 탄저병저항성 유전과 관련한 인자가 다수 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 이들 QTL은 더욱 정밀한 집단과 종간교잡 후대에서 적용성을 검정하여 고추 탄저병저항성 품종육성을 위한 MAS체계를 확립할 것이다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.237-255
• /
• 2023

Variations in phenotypic traits are important for onion genetic improvement. The aim of this study was to identify the phenotypic traits of temporary genetic resources and the best accessions for the development of onion breeding programs. Sixteen phenotypic traits of 79 onion accessions were studied. The descriptive statistics of phenotypic traits exhibited a high variation in onion accessions. Among the 79 evaluated accessions, 64.55% had a large bulb neck width and 44.30% had a circular bulb shape. Principal component analysis showed that six principal components (PCs) accounted for 72.65% of the total variation. The main factors contributing to PC1 were bulb weight, equatorial and bulb polar diameters, plant height, and degree of splitting into bulblets, whereas those contributing to PC2 were the bulb color of the epidermal cells of the fleshy scales and color of the dry skin on the bulb. The accessions were classified into three groups-clusters 1, 2, and 3. Cluster 2 accessions were the most suitable for selecting large and circular bulb-shaped onion cultivars. The phenotypic variation observed in this study may help to select potential accessions for breeding new onion cultivars.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.114-114
• /
• 2018

Among the various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by the plant, floral scent plays a key role in attracting pollinators for reproduction and mediates ecological interactions. Floral scent is an important trait and industry drives the competition for flowers with novel scents. Chrysanthemum is one of the well-known ornamental plants and is a popular cut flower across the world. Floral scent and the genes responsible for the floral scent emission are poorly studied in chrysanthemum. In the present study, floral scent and the expression pattern of floral scent genes were analyzed in two chrysanthemum cultivars 'Golden Egg' and 'Gaya Glory'. Initially, intensity of the floral scent in five developing stages of flower including 'budding (B), bud developing (BD), initial blooming (IB), almost open (AO) and open flower (OF)' was analyzed using electronic nose (E-nose) with six metal oxide sensors. Based on the distance analysis, different stages of flower showed different relative intensity of scent according to the sensory evaluation. Although the scent pattern differed by stage, scent intensity was strongest in the OF stage in the completely opened flower in both the cultivars. Further, expression pattern of six genes in the floral scent pathway including FDS, IDI, ISPH, TPS2, TPS5 and TPS6 was observed in all the five stages of the flower in both the cultivars. The expression pattern of all the six genes differed by stage and the terpene synthase genes TPS2, TPS5 and TPS6 showed good expression levels in the $5^{th}$ flower stage compared to other stages. This study provides a preliminary data for understanding the regulation of floral scent in chrysanthemum.