• 한국동물학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.377-384
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• 1994

The present study examines the inhibitow effect of progesterone (P) on luteinizing hormone $(LH)\beta$ subunit gene expression in anterior pituitary of ovariectomized, estradiol-treated adult rats. A single injection of P (1mg) further decreased the estradiol-Induced decrease in $LH\beta$ mRNA levels in ovariectomTzed rats in a time-dependent manner. p suppressed UIP mRNA levels at lower doses (0.1 and 1mg), but increased $LH\beta$ mRNA levels 81 a high dose (toms). The inhibitor action of P on $Uf\beta$ mRNA was restored when Ru486, a P receptor antagonist, was administered 1h before P treatment. These data clearly indicate that P inhibits gene expression of $LH\beta$ in the rift pituitary in a swersic manner with estrogen.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.310-314
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• 2011

The Banna miniature pig (BNMP) is a representative miniature pig breed in China. Even though BNMP dwarfism is obvious, its underlying causative mutations remain unknown. In this study, the BNMP and Large White pig (LWP) serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels were detected by ELISA and compared. BNMP serum IGF-1 levels were significantly lower than LWP levels (P<0.05). The miniature condition may arise from mutations in the GH and GH receptor (GHR) genes. Therefore, GH and GHR cDNA from the BNMP were cloned into a pMD18-T vector by RT-PCR using the total RNA obtained from the BNMP's pituitary and liver tissues. Sequencing results indicated that the open reading frame of the BNMP GH gene is composed of a 26-residue signal peptide and a 191-residue mature peptide. The coding sequence of the BNMP GHR gene contained 639 amino acids, including a signal peptide that is 18 amino acids long. Two amino acid substitutions, A09V and R22Q, were found in the signal peptide of the GH gene. Additionally, the S104P mutation was found in the BNMP's mature GH protein. Four mutations in the cytoplasmic domain of GHR may influence the downstream signal transduction of GHR, which needs further experimental evidence.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.452-458
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• 2003

Soybean is a rich source of isoflavones such as genistein and daidzein. Soy isoflavones have both weak estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects and are structurally similar to tamoxifen, an agent that has an effect similar to that of estrogen in terms of reducing postmenopausal bone loss. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of differences in protein source (casein vs soy) and isoflavone levels (reduced vs higher levels) on selected bone markers and hormones in growing male rats. Thirty weanling Sprague-Dawley young rats were divided into 3 groups: The control group was fed a casein-based diet, the soy concentrate group was fed soy protein with totally reduced isoflavones content (isoflavones 0.07 mg/g protein), and the soy isolate group was fed soy protein with a higher than normal isoflavones content (isoflavones 3.4 mg/g protein). The degree of bone formation was estimated by measuring serum osteocalcin and alkaline phosphoatase (ALP). By determining collagen cross-linkage by immunoassay and correcting with creatinine values, the bone resorption rate was compared. Serum osteocalcin, growth hormone, estrogen and calcitonin were analyzed using radio immunoassay kits. The bone formation marker and ALP activity were differentiated by protein source, showing higher values than casein in feeding either soy isolate or soy concentrate. In this study using growing rats, the differences in isoflavone contents were not a significant factor in either bone formation or bone reaborption markers. Moreover, the soy isolate group had significantly higher levels of growth hormone than the casein group. The findings of this study suggest that growth hormone is partially responsible for its bone-formation effects in young growing rats. Soy protein and the isoflavones in soy protein are beneficial for bone-formation in growing male rats. Therefore, exposure to soy protein and isoflavones early in life may have long-term health benefits in preventing bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Further study to evaluate the mechanism of action of isoflavones on bones is warranted. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 452∼458, 2003)

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.154-160
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was done to report the progress of treatment with oriental medicine on a woman who complained of irregular menstruation in menopausal transition. Methods: The patient in this case was treated with Chokyungjongoktanggamibang, acupuncture and moxibustion. And to assess the effectiveness of this treatment, we evaluated the ovarian function by using hormone assay. Results: During treatment period the patient had three times of uterine bleeding, two of the three seemed like normal menstrual bleeding. And analyzing the hormone assay, estraiol level was increased and FSH, LH levels were decreased significantly. However a month after treatment end, estradiol level was decreased and FSH, LH levels were incresead as the levels in menopausal transition or menopause state. And the patient had no more uterine bleeding since last one according to follow up by phone-call. Conclusion: In this study, the progress of ovarian function was specified with hormonal changes after treatment of oriental medicine during menopausal transition. And further studies are needed to find the more appropriate clinical approach for women in menopausal transition.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2015

We investigated the differences in the expression of the neurohormones kisspeptin (Kiss) and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) and cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom), gonadotropin hormones (GTHs), and sex steroids in the goldfish Carassius auratus exposed to light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The expression levels of Kiss1, Kiss2, G-protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), GTHs, GnIH, and P450arom were compared between the control (white light) and LED-treated goldfish. Furthermore, we measured the plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The levels of Kiss1 mRNA and protein; Kiss2, GPR54, and $GTH{\alpha}$ protein; GTH mRNA; and plasma FSH and LH in the hypothalamus and cultured hypothalamus cells were significantly higher in the green and purple LED treatment groups than in the other groups. These results suggested that red LEDs inhibit the sex maturation hormones, Kiss, GPR54, GTHs, and P450arom, and that GnIH plays a role in the negative regulation of reproductive function in goldfish.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of isoflavone supplementation on hormone levels, lipid profiles and total antioxidant status in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Total 11 women with polycystic ovary syndrome were supplemented daily with 150mg of isoflavone for 6 months. Blood samples were collected 0, 3, and 6 months after supplement of isoflavone for analysis of LH, FSH, E2, testosterone, free testosterone, SHBG levels, serum lipid profiles, and total antioxidant status (TAS). Results: After 6 months isoflavone supplementation, the hormone levels did not change significantly. Serum lipid profiles did not show any significant change in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein(a), and free fatty acid levels. However, there was significant increase in HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) for 3 months. Total antioxidant status was increased significantly after isoflavone supplementation for 6 months (p<0.05). Conclusion: Isoflavone supplementation showed positive effects on the HDL-cholesterol and total antioxidant status. it is implicated that isoflavone supplementation will may have a effect on cardiovascular disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2011

Prolactin (PRL) plays an important role in freshwater (FW) osmoregulation by preventing the loss of ions and the uptake of water in fish. Growth hormone (GH) promotes acclimation to seawater (SW) in several teleosts. We acclimated rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss weighting $68.2{\pm}16.6$, $138.3{\pm}24$, and $287.5{\pm}42.1$ g in separate experiments to SW under slow-acclimation (SSW) or acute-acclimation (ASW) conditions, and then examined the PRL and GH mRNA levels using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The PRL mRNA levels in all three experimental groups decreased significantly with both the SSW and ASW treatments, as compared to a control group kept in FW for 30 days. The GH mRNA levels increased with ASW in the largest fish, whereas the levels in the other groups did not change significantly. The mortality rate of the largest fish was lower than for the other groups, whereas the growth rate among the three experimental groups did not differ significantly. The growth rate of the ASW group was highest for the smallest fish. These results suggest that SW acclimation is associated with the gene expression levels of PRL and GH in relatively large rainbow trout. In addition, the fish mortality and growth rate on FW-SW transfer seem to be related to body weight, and the SW acclimation method may be applied to the hatcheries industry.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The changes in osmolality and the gene expression profiles of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) with rapid changes in salinity were compared in the eel (Anguilla japonica), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou). Fish stocked in freshwater (FW) were abruptly transferred to experimental tanks containing FW, 50% seawater (50% SW), or 100% SW (SW). Blood samples and pituitary glands were collected 2 and 24 hrs after the exposure. No mortality was observed in SW eel (n=6), whereas all of the crucian carp (n=6) and two masu salmon (n=6) exposed to SW died after land 24 hrs, respectively. The PRL mRNA levels of the eel and masu salmon decreased in 50% SW and SW compared to those of the fish kept in FW after 24 hrs, whereas the PRL levels of crucian carp were higher in 50% SW than in FW. Unlike the PRL mRNA levels, the GH mRNA levels of the eel did not differ significantly among three different salinities, while the GH mRNA levels of crucian carp and masu salmon increased significantly in 50% SW and SW after 24 hrs. The serum osmolalities increased marginally in the eel and masu salmon in 50% SW at 24 hrs (19% and 9%, respectively), whereas those of crucian carp increased abruptly in 50% SW (50% increase). These results suggest that the synthesis of PRL and GH is important in relation to the osmoregulatory system with environmental changes in salinity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.329-337
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• 1999

Thyroid hormone-induced cellular dysfunctions may be associated with changes in the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. The ryanodine receptor, a $Ca^{2+}$ release channel of the SR, is responsible for the rapid release of $Ca^{2+}$ that activates cardiac muscle contraction. In the excitation-contaction coupling cascade, activation of ryanodine receptors is initiated by the activity of sarcolemmal $Ca^{2+}$ channels, the dihydropyridine receptors. In hyperthyroidism left ventricular contractility and relaxation velocity were increased, whereas these parameters were decreased in hypothyroidism. The mechanisms for these changes have been suggested to include alterations in the expression and/or activity levels of various proteins. In the present study, quantitative changes of ryanodine receptors and the dihydropyridine receptors, and the functional consequences of these changes in various thyroid states were investigated. In hyperthyroid hearts, $[^3H]ryanodine$ binding and ryanodine receptor mRNA levels were increased, but protein levels of ryanodine were not changed significantly. However, the above parameters were markedly decreased in hypothyroid hearts. In case of dihydropyridine receptor, there were a significant increase in the mRNA and protein levels, and [3H]nitrendipine binding, whereas no changes were observed in these parameters of hypothyroid hearts. Our findings indicate that hyperthyroidism is associated with increases in ryanodine receptor and dihydropyridine receptor expression levels, which is well correlated with the ryanodine and dihydropyridine binding. Whereas opposite changes occur in ryanodine receptor of the hypothyroid hearts.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.175-180
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a pre-exercise meal on the plasma human growth hormone (hGH) response and fat oxidation during walking. Subjects (n=8) were randomly provided with either 1 g/kg body weight of glucose in 200 mL water (CHO) or 200 mL water alone (CON) 30 min prior to exercise and subsequently walked on a treadmill at 50% of VO2max for 60 min. Plasma hGH concentrations were significantly higher in subjects who received CHO compared to those who received CON at 15 and 30 min. The fat oxidation rate in the CHO was significantly lower than the CON while walking for 5~15, 25~35 and 45~55 min. Plasma FFA levels were also significantly lower in the CHO compared to the CON at 30, 45 and 60 min. Plasma glucose levels in the CHO were significantly lower while plasma insulin levels were significantly higher than in the CON at 15 and 30 min. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the elevation of plasma hGH levels due to the intake of a pre-exercise meal may not be strongly related to fat oxidation and plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels during low-intensity exercise.