• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.48-53
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• 2018

In this study, Real-Time Operating System(RTOS) and 3-D collision avoidance algorithm are implemented to three different Miciro Controller Unit(MCU)s and their performances compared. We selected Microchip Technology's ATmega2560, STM's ARM Cortex-M3 and ARM Cortex-M4, because they are widely used. FreeRTOS, an open-source operating system, was also used. The 3D collision avoidance algorithm consists of the vertical and the horizontal avoidance algorithm, which is implemented using C++. The performances of the MCUs were compared with respect to used memory and calculation time. As a result, Cortex-M4's calculation time was the fastest and ATmega2560 used least memory.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.3 s.56
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• pp.439-451
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• 2005

This study was to provide the fundamental data for the ease necessary to design clothes by investigating the variation of the upper body surface with the method of surgical tape. The subject were 8 young women in the standard somatotype. In the form of body surface according to arm movements, the shape of armscye circumference became gentle from the sunken form for the standing posture; scye depth became lower; lateral shoulder moved and rose toward the front center as the angle of arm movement became larger; scye depth is greatest in the standing. The items of horizontal ware largest in the standing posture except for front neck base circumference and front interscye breadth for side $90^{\circ}$ movement. In the items of vertical, while most of the front items increased but back ones generally decreased for all movement compared to the standing. After comparing differences in actual values between the form of body surface in the standing posture and the direct measurement, the following ease were suggested considering minimum measures to accommodate daily movements. Bust circumference/2 = 3cm; waist circumference/2 = 1.5cm; front interscye breadth/2 = 0.6cm; back interscye breadth/2 = 0.6cm; and underarm depth = 1.5cm

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.139-149
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• 2015

In this paper, we describe a new approach to perform real-time implementation of an robust controller for robotic manipulator based on digital signal processors in this paper. The Texas Instruments DSPs chips are used in implementing real-time adaptive control algorithms to provide enhanced motion control performance for dual-arm robotic manipulators. In the proposed scheme, adaptation laws are derived from model reference adaptive control principle based on the improved direct Lyapunov method. The proposed adaptive controller consists of an adaptive feed-forward and feedback controller and time-varying auxiliary controller elements. The proposed control scheme is simple in structure, fast in computation, and suitable for real-time control. Moreover, this scheme does not require any accurate dynamic modeling, nor values of manipulator parameters and payload. Performance of the proposed adaptive controller is illustrated by simulation and experimental results for robot manipulator consisting of dual arm with eight degrees of freedom at the joint space and cartesian space.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.125-126
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• 1998

Pulse conduction velocity is determined by areterial compliance, which is changed by lateral pressure of arterial wall. Hydrostatic pressure of the limb vessel is changed by body position, especially in elevated arm. The arterial pulse in the finger causes the blood volume to change, changing the optical density of the blood. Photoplethysmograph of index finger was obtained by LED and phototransistor. Pulse transmission time(PTT) was measured by the interval between the peak of ECG R wave and the peak of the finger plethysmogram. PTT was increased by upward position of arm, and decreased by downward position of the arm compared to horizontal position. This result suggests that relationship between finger plethysmography and postural change could be applied to evaluate clinical cardiovascular status.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze human upper body surface changes at the shoulder and back area. The body surface data were analyzed in terms of muscle and bone displacement in dynamic postures. Body surface data were collected with a 3D body scanner. The body surface was scanned at the static and four baseball batting postures. The body surface dimensions over the deltoids, scapulae and trapezius were measured. The results show that the vertical measurements of the deltoids increased by 20%. The horizontal measurements of the axilla of the back increased. The surface of the trapezius was elongated by over 10%, and the lower back musculature was elongated by about 50%. The results of this study showed that changes in back body surface caused by upper arm movements. It was influenced by the deltoid articulated with the humeri and the scapulae and trapezius. These body surface changes caused by muscle activities and ranges of motion can be used to design functional clothing.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1996

This research utilized the psychophysical methodology, where secrw drivers are used, to determine the effects of i) the location and orientation of work objects, and ii) wearing gloves, on ratings of perceived exertion at various body parts. The validity of the psychophysical methodology in determining a preferred work pace was also studied. The subjects drove screws with a screw driver into thick wooden sheet at three vertical and three horizontal locations. They drove serews for 3 minutes at each location and assessed the condition using the psychophysical scale. The results showed that only the vertical location was a significant factor in determining the discomfort ratings. Driving screws at elbow height on the vertical surface and with the lower arm close to the body on the horizontal surface were the work locations with the smallest ratings of perceived discomfort. Wearing gloves had significant effects on reducing the pain of the hand. From the experiment in which a comfortable work pace was identified using 20 minute psychophysical adjustment, it was found that the psychophysical method is sensitive to workers perception of the physical stress when the upper limbs are employed. This was confirmend by the high correlation between the psychophysical results and EMG measurement.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.381-390
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• 2020

When a radial collector well is installed and operated for agricultural purposes, negative impacts may be observed over time due to the clogging of horizontal arms, such as reduced groundwater discharge and water quality deterioration. When radial collector well No. 2 was rehabilitated using the high-pressure impulse generation technique, the specific capacity and transmissivity were increased by 43.1 and 100.6%, respectively. In contrast, according to air surging, the specific capacity and transmissivity increased by 33.8 and 85.8%, respectively, compared to the initial rate before rehabilitation. During the operation of radial collector wells since construction, the time of well rehabilitation can be effectively determined by continuously monitoring the groundwater level and pumping rate of the radial collector wells, thereby preventing a decrease in productivity.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2000

In this study, the characteristics of transmitted vibration on HAS(hand-arm system) were identified to evaluate physical load due to the work surface orientation, tool weight and push force during powered drilling tasks. The characteristics of transmitted vibration on work surface orientation showed that the acceleration of transmitted vibration on horizontal work surface was higher than that on the vertical work surface. Regarding the characteristics of transmitted vibration on tool weight, the vibration acceleration level becomes lower as the tool weight becomes heavier. The amount of transmitted vibration on hand-arm system was decreased down to the tool weight of 2.4kg. However, as the tool weight becomes heavier than 2.8kg, the amount of transmitted vibration was increased and had peak value at 3.2kg of tool weight. Regarding the characteristics of transmitted vibration on push force, the vibration acceleration level goes higher, as the push force becomes larger. The characteristics of transmitted vibration on the axis of vibration showed that the direction of $Z_h$ had the highest acceleration compared to the direction of $X_h$, and $Y_h$. The direction of $X_h$, $Y_h$ and $Z_h$ had the highest acceleration of transmitted vibration on the hand, wrist and elbow, respectively. The results of this study showed that the condition which affect the lowest physical load to the subject on the powered drilling task would be working with the 2.4kg of tool weight on the vertical work surface.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.49-59
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body, the three dimensional anatomical angle according to sweep shot in ice hockey. The subjects of this study were five professional ice hockey players. The reflective makers were attached on anatomical boundary line of body. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVIEW 6.1 graphical programming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and ice hockey stick were defined. 1. In three dimensional linear velocity of blade the Y axis showed maximum linear velocity almost impact, the X axis(horizontal direction) and the Z axis(vertical direction) maximum linear velocity of blade did not show at impact but after impact this will resulted influence upon hitting puck. 2. The resultant linear velocity of each segment of right arm showed maximum resultant linear velocity at impact. It could be suggest that the right arm swing patterns is kind of push-like movement. therefore the upper arm is the most important role in the right arm swing. 3. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk in flexion-extension showed flexion all around the wrist shot. The angular displacement of trunk in internal-external rotation showed internal rotation angle at the backswing top and and increased the angle after the impact. while there is no significant adduction-abduction. 4. The three dimensional anatomical angular displacement of trunk showed most important role in wrist shot. and is follwed by shoulder joints, in addition the movement of elbow/wrist joints showed least to the shot. this study result showed upperlimb of left is more important role than upperlimb of right.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.767-773
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of the methanol extract of Sophorae fructus (MESF) using elevated plus-maze (EPM), open field test, and horizontal wire test in mice. MESF was orally administered at doses of 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg to ICR mice 1 h before behavioral evaluation. The control group was given an equal volume of 10% Tween 80, and the positive control group was given diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The administration of MESF significantly increased the percentage of time spent in open arms and the entries into the open arms of the EPM compared with the 10% Tween 80-treated control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the anxiolytic-like activities of MESF were antagonized by flumazenil (a GABAA antagonist, 10 mg/kg) but not by WAY-100635 (a 5-HT1A antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg). Futhermore, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects of the experimental group, as opposed to the 10% Tween 80-treated control group. Therefore, these findings suggest that MESF promotes the anxiolytic-like activity mediated by the GABAergic nervous system in mice.