• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 2008

In this paper, we present a MMPR (Minimizing the Maximum Used Power Routing) Algorithm in a MANET (Mobile ad hoc network) by modifying the route selection algorithm in well-known routing MANET protocol. In the previous route selection algorithms, the metric for cost function is the minimal hop which does not consider the energy status. MMPR uses the metric with used energy The node that want to know the route for some destination begins calculating the route cost function with alpha which is the maximum used energy in the known route. If the new route that contains the node whose used energy is greater than previous known alpha is known to the node that want to send a packet in some moment, the probability of selecting the new route is lower. Experimental results with MMPR show higher performance in both the maximum used energy and the number of dead nodes than that of the CMMBCR (Conditional Max-Min Battery Routing).

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.967-983
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to review Hanliu phenomenon, a kind of social and cultural phenomenon, in China and to analyze its effects on the fashion style of new young generation of China. In this study, Hanliu phenomenon means the enthusiasm of Asian people for Korean mass culture including Korean dramas, pop songs, and fashions from late 1990s. This research adopts two kinds of methods for analyzing the phenomenon: qualitative and quantitative research methods. As a qualitative research method, we analyzed it with several sources of documentaries and audio-visual materials: articles from newspapers and magazines, special TV reports, and documentary movie files from Internet. As a quantitative research method, we surveyed approximately 100 female students of Beijing university and asked how they feel Korean culture and fashions. The Hanliu phenomenon led to the popularity of Korean products as well as general culture of Korea. Also, it influenced Chinese young generation so much that Korean fashion has become prevailing. Such influence on the street fashion of Chinese youths can be summarized in three factors as follows: First, Korean entertainers' fashion is widely imitated. For example, H.O.T-like hairstyles, hip-hop styles, large heel shoes with boots-cut pants, and long-curled permanent hairstyles have been on among Chinese youths. Second, the preference for Korean fashion products has highly increased. The number of stores dealing with Korean fashion products has increased. Even the 'Kim Hee Seen,' a fashion brand named after a famous Korean actress, was introduced. Finally, Korean culture and products have widely been imitated in China as much as the increasing popularity of Korean fashion products. This study reveals that Hanliu phenomenon is widespread in China, and Chinese youths are largely affected by the fashion styles of Korean entertainers. Also, Korean fashion products are largely imitated and benchmarked in China. Hanliu phenomenon is a big chance to approach the fashion market of China, the largest buying power in the world. To make inroads into the Chinese fashion market, we suggest that we need to have our own brand and to make the most of culture, stars, and Internet in marketing. Also, we need a well-planned strategy for a success in the Chinese fashion market.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.141-152
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• 2007

In this paper, we present a network-oriented lightweight real-time system, which is composed of an event-driven operating system called the Embedded Lightweight Operating System (ELOS) and a generic multi hop ad hoc routing protocol suite. In the ELOS, a conditional preemptive FCFS scheduling method with a guaranteed time slot is designed for efficient real-time processing. For more elaborate configurations, we reinforce fault tolerance by supplementing semi-auto configuration using wireless agent nodes. The developed hardware platform is also introduced, which is a scalable prototype constructed using off-the-shelf components. In addition, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we developed a ubiquitous network test-bed on which several experiments with respect to various environments are conducted. The results show that the ELOS is considerably favorable for tiny ubiquitous networked systems with real-time constraints.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.603-609
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• 2016

Brucellosis affects a wide range of host species, including humans and many livestock animals. Chronic infections of the disease make antibiotic treatment costly, and the current vaccine used in livestock has not been approved for human use. This study investigated the possible use of the Brucella abortus outer membrane protein A (OmpA) as a candidate subunit vaccine in an infected mouse model. The ompA gene was cloned and overexpressed, and the recombinant OmpA (rOmpA) protein fused to maltose binding protein (MBP) was purified in Escherichia coli. Immunogenicity was verified through western blotting, and mice were immunized and challenged to evaluate its protective effect. Mice treated with rOmpA exhibited induced humoral and host cell-mediated responses, with a significant increase in immunoglobulin G (IgG1 and IgG2a) and cytokine levels, especially TNF-α and IL-12, compared with the control groups treated with either MBP or PBS. In conclusion, rOmpA should be highly considered as a future subunit vaccine for brucellosis, and further studies regarding rOmpA and its protective ability are suggested.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.322-329
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• 2012

Purpose: Aeroallergens are important causative factors of allergic diseases. Previous studies on aeroallergen sensitization rates investigated patients groups that had visited pediatric allergy clinics. In contrast, we investigated sensitization rates in a general population group of elementary school to teenage students in Incheon, Jeju, and Ulsan. Methods: After obtaining parental consent, skin-prick tests were performed on 5,094 students between March and June 2010. Elementary school students were tested for 18 common aeroallergens, whereas middle and high school students were tested for 25 allergens. The 25 allergens included Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, pollen (birch, alder, oak, Japanese cedar, pine, willow, elm, maple, Bermuda grass, timothy grass, rye grass, orchard grass, meadow grass, vernal grass, mugwort, Japanese hop, fat hen, ragweed, and plantain), and mold (Penicillatum, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Alternaria). Results: The sensitization rates in descending order were 25.79% (D. pteronyssinus ), 18.66% (D. farinae ), 6.20% (mugwort), and 4.07% (willow) in Incheon; 33.35% (D. pteronyssinus ), 24.78% (D. farinae), 15.36% (Japanese cedar), and 7.33% (Alternaria) in Jeju; and 32.79% (D. pteronyssinus), 30.27% (D. farinae), 10.13% (alder), and 8.68% (birch) in Ulsan. The dust mite allergen showed the highest sensitization rate among the 3 regions. The sensitization rate of tree pollen was the highest in Ulsan, whereas that of Alternaria was the highest in Jeju. The ragweed sensitization rates were 0.99% in Incheon, 1.07% in Jeju, and 0.81% in Ulsan. Conclusion: The differences in sensitization rates were because of different regional environmental conditions and distinct surrounding biological species. Hence, subsequent nationwide studies are required.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.58-69
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine stereotype of gender role in music video, comparing of gender image, sexuality(body exposure & sexual expression) by genre and gender difference. A content analysis of 300 songs and 517 characters was conducted between 2004 and 2013. Results were including followings. While women engaged in classic image, man engaged in naive image. R&B and Ballad demonstrated more classic image of women. Ballad, R&B, and Rock demonstrated more naive image of men than other genre. Sexuality was more prominent in dance and hip-hop genre. Compared to male character, female character was more sexually objectified, held to exposer herself and more likely to demonstrated sexually alluring behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2015

In this study, growth characteristics of insects for mass production was investigated. For Hermetia illucens, the biomass was increased by the supply of the mixture of FWDF with hop cake and typical feed at the early growth stage, however, no difference was shown between 100% of FWDF and the mixture at the late stage. The growth of Housefly larvae was retarded with the 100% of FWDF, resulting in abnormal paputation, hence the amount of FWDF shoud be lowered to 20% to 30% for the efficient growth. Super mealworm larvae was found to grow with little influence by the kind of feed, and none of them was died or inhibited by the supply of FWDF as a feeding source.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2010

This paper proposes a data gathering method by adapting the mobile sink to prolong the whole operation time of large WSNs. After partitioning a network into several clusters, a mobile sink visits each cluster and collects data from it. An efficient protocol improves the energy efficiency by delivering messages from the mobile sink to the cluster head as well as reduces the data gathering delay, which is the disadvantage of the mobile sink. For the scalability of sensor network, the network architecture should support the multihop transmission in the duster rather than the single hop transmission. The process for the data aggregation linked to the travelling path is proposed to improve the energy consumption of intermediate nodes. The experiment results show that the proposed model is more efficient than legacy methods in the energy consumption and the data gathering time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.459-470
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• 2013

${\mu}TESLA$ is well known as the most representative energy-efficient broadcast authentication method. Until now, there are many researches that figure out the problems or limitation of ${\mu}TESLA$ and mitigate or solve them, but most researches have been verified in the environment far from the real world. We consider the necessity of verifying what the real efficiency of ${\mu}TESLA$ is. In this paper, we assume that sensors that continuously repeat hibernation and activity perform communication under the UWSN(Unattended WSN), which BS does not stay in the network. In this environment, we newly inspect the performance of ${\mu}TESLA$ by performing various simulations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.731-740
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• 2015

In the recent days, interests in machine-to-machine communication schemes in small-scale networks has been increasing with growing demands. TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access) can be used as a multiple access method in small-scale networks. However, time synchronization for TDMA is complicated or needs additional equipments. Such a large cost is not suitable for small-scale networks. We propose, BC-DESYNC, a efficient time synchronization for small-scale networks by extending DESYNC(DESYNChronization). DESYNC takes a long time to complete synchronization and doesn't guarantee the synchronization delay. BC-DESYNC uses CU(Central Unit) that performs a centralized control to achieve the 2-hop communication and guarantees the synchronization completion time by using Mimic firing and C-DESYNC scheme.