• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of premixing condition on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a HCCI diesel engine. To from homogeneous charge before intake manifold, the premixed gasoline fuel is injected into a premixed tank by fuel injection system and the premixed gasoline fuel is ignited by direct injected diesel fuel. Experimental result shows the NOx and soot emissions are decreased linearly with the increase of premixed ratio. In the case of intake air temperature $20^{\circ}C$ with light load, the specific fuel consumptions are increased with the rise of premixed ratio and HC and CO emissions are also increased. But the intake air heating can improve the specific fuel consumption at light load condition because increased air temperature promotes the combustion of premixed mixture. In the case of high intake air temperature with high load condition, premixed fuel is auto-ignited before diesel combustion and soot emission is increased.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of premixing condition on the combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a HCCI diesel engine. To form homogeneous charge before intake manifold, the premixed fuel is injected into premixed tank by GDI injection system and the premixed fuel is ignited by direct injected diesel fuel. But in the case of high intake air temperature, premixed fuel is auto-ignited before diesel combustion and soot emission is increased. In the case of light load condition, the BSFC is improved by intake air heating because increased air temperature promoted the combustion of premixed mixture. NOx and smoke concentration of exhaust emissions are reduced compared to conventional diesel engine. The combustion characteristics of the HCCI diesel engine such as combustion pressure, rate of heat release, and exhaust emission characteristics are discussed.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.503-521
• /
• 2001

A change of Finsler metric L(x,y)longrightarrowL(x,y) is called a Randers change of L, if L(x,y) = L(x,y) +$\rho$(x,y), where $\rho$(x,y) = $\rho$(sub)i(x)y(sup)i is a 1-form on a smooth manifold M(sup)n. Let us consider the special Randers change of Finsler metric LlongrightarrowL = L + $\beta$ by $\beta$. On the basis of this special Randers change, the purpose of the present paper is devoted to studying the conditions for Finsler space F(sup)n which are transformed by a special Randers change of Finsler spaces F(sup)n with ($\alpha$,$\beta$)-metrics of Douglas type to be also of Douglas type, and vice versa.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.509-536
• /
• 2010

In this paper, we investigate curvature-adapted and proper complex equifocal submanifolds in a symmetric space of non-compact type. The class of these submanifolds contains principal orbits of Hermann type actions as homogeneous examples and is included by that of curvature-adapted and isoparametric submanifolds with flat section. First we introduce the notion of a focal point of non-Euclidean type on the ideal boundary for a submanifold in a Hadamard manifold and give the equivalent condition for a curvature-adapted and complex equifocal submanifold to be proper complex equifocal in terms of this notion. Next we show that the complex Coxeter group associated with a curvature-adapted and proper complex equifocal submanifold is the same type group as one associated with a principal orbit of a Hermann type action and evaluate from above the number of distinct principal curvatures of the submanifold.

• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제53권6호
• /
• pp.1887-1892
• /
• 2016

It is well known that the helicoids are the only ruled minimal surfaces in ${\mathbb{R}}^3$. The similar characterization for ruled minimal surfaces can be given in many other 3-dimensional homogeneous spaces. In this note we consider the product space $M{\times}{\mathbb{R}}$ for a 2-dimensional manifold M and prove that $M{\times}{\mathbb{R}}$ has a nontrivial minimal surface ruled by horizontal geodesics only when M has a Clairaut parametrization. Moreover such minimal surface is the trace of the longitude rotating in M while translating vertically in constant speed in the direction of ${\mathbb{R}}$.

• 대한수학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.461-486
• /
• 2003

It is known that the CR geometries of Levi non-degen-erate hypersurfaces in $\C^n$ and of the elliptic or hyperbolic CR submanifolds of codimension two in $\C^4$ share many common features. In this paper, a special class of normalized coordinates is introduced for any CR manifold M which is one of the above three kinds and it is shown that the explicit expression in these coordinates of an isotropy automorphism $f{\in}Aut(M)_o {\subset}Aut(M),\;o{\in}M$, is equal to the expression of a corresponding element of the automorphism group of the homogeneous model. As an application of this property, an extension theorem for CR maps is obtained.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.66-72
• /
• 2002

A premixed charge compression ignition engine is experimentally investigated for the reduction of NOx and smoke emissions from diesel engines. In this study, the premixed fuel is injected into the intake manifold to form homogeneous pre-mixture in the combustion chamber and then this pre-mixture is ignited by small amount of diesel fuel directly injected into the cylinder. In the premixed charge compression ignition engine, NOx and smoke concentrations of the exhaust emissions were reduced simultaneously as compared with the conventional diesel engine. But HC emission was increased with the increase of premixed ratio. Also, when EGR system was applied to the PCCI diesel engine, the effect of EGR rate on the combustion characteristics and the exhaust gas emissions was discussed.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2013년도 제46회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
• /
• pp.37-40
• /
• 2013

Hydrogen-dimethy ether (DME) and hydrogen-diesel compression ignition engine combustion were investigated and compared each other in a single cylinder compression ignition engine. Hydrogen and DME were used as low carbon alternative fuels to reduce green house gases and pollutant. Hydrogen was injected at the intake manifold with an injection pressure of 0.5 MPa at fixed injection timing, $-210^{\circ}CA$ aTDC. DME and diesel were injected directly into the cylinder through the common-rail injection system at injection pressure of 30 MPa. DME and diesel inejction timing was varied to find the optimum CI combustion to reduce CO, HC and NOx emissions. When DME was injected early, CO and HC emissions were high while NOx emission was low. Fuel consumption, heat release rate, and exhaust emissions were measured to analyze each combustion characteristics of each ignition promoter. Fuel consumption was decreased when diesel was used as an ignition promoter. This is due to the lower volatility of diesel which created more stratified charge than DME.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권7호
• /
• pp.2939-2944
• /
• 2011

용융탄산염형 연료전지 시스템의 성능 향상을 위해 핵심 부분인 스택을 수치적으로 모사할 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 스택은 다양한 재질, 즉 금속, 세라믹, 폴리머 등으로 이루어져 있고 또한 단위전지 수백 장이 적층되어 제작되기 때문에 이를 전부 세세히 모델링하여 고려하는 것은 거의 불가능하다. 이에 따라 스택 전체를 하나의 균질한 물질로 대체할 수 있는 균질 물성치 도출이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단위전지 압축률을 도입하고 모든 압축 변형이 분리판과 매트릭스에서만 일어난다는 등의 몇 가지 기본 가정 하에서 스택의 두 가지 영역, 즉 활성 영역과 매니폴드 영역에서 각각 균질 물성치를 추정하였다. 추정된 물성치를 실제 문제에 적용하여 성공적인 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of premixed fuel on the reduction of exhaust emissions in premixed charge compression ignition engine. The premixed fuel is injected into the intake manifold to form homogeneous pre-mixture in the combustion chamber. The pre-mixture is ignited by a small amount of diesel fuel directly injected into the cylinder. In the case of gasoline as a premixed fuel of the engine, $NO_x$ and smoke concentration of exhaust emissions were reduced compared with the conventional diesel engine. But in the event of diesel fuel for premixed fuel, the rate of smoke reduction was small compared with the case of gasoline as a premixed fuel. HC and CO emissions were increased at high premixed ratio in the case of two premixed fuels. The combustion characteristics of the engine such as the combustion pressure, the rate of heat release, and other characteristics are compared.