• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of upper extremity exercise and Bandage on the edema and range of motion. Complex decongestive physiotherapy was one of the latest methods to deal with the limitation of range of motion and the edema that were the prime problems of patients with lymphedema. Methods : Twenty patients undergone mastectomy were participated in this study voluntarily. They had lymphedema on upper extremity and partial limitation of range of motion. The subjects had been treated with upper extremity home exercise and complex decongestive physiotherapy with Bandage for 4 weeks. The measure of these patients with upper extremity edema was included: the volume, arm circumfenence and range of motion. These were measured two times: before the treatment, after 4 weeks of the treatment. Results : The upper extremity edema of patients treated home exercise group and complex decongestive physiotherapy group with Bandage was definitely decreased (p<0.05). Moreover, the upper volume of those who were the same condition also significantly shrank and patients' arm circumferences of upper arm breathtakingly diminished as well (p<0.05). But home exercise group patients' arm circumferences of forearm was not remarkable(p>0.05). However, patients' range of motion who were treated with upper extremity exercise were evidently increased when compared to that of the before treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion : Complex decongestive physiotherapy and bandage performed by physical therapist increased the ROM of upper arm and reduced the edema in patients with lymphedema.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2008

The studies of seven individuals of Asiatic black bears were carried out with radio telemetry from October 2004 to December 2006 in Jirisan National Park. They were attached radio-transmitter and calculated by the 95%MCP and fixed kernel method(95%, 50%). As a result, Mean annual home ranges for female and male asiatic black bears were 71.66$km^2$ and 90.20$km^2$. The seasonal home ranges were calculated 19.81$km^2$ for females and 33.47$km^2$ for males in spring, 30.48$km^2$ for females and 20.26$km^2$ for males in summer, 22.63$km^2$ for females and 23.23$km^2$ for males in autumn and 0.22$km^2$ for females and 0.78$km^2$ for males in winter(F=4.193, P<0.05). The degree of home range overlapped 38%, 12.5% among females, 22.4% among males. Mean elevation of seven bears was 744$\pm$236m in spring, 682$\pm$253m in summer, 937$\pm$218m in fall and 975$\pm$137m in winter(F=8.526, P<0.001). It is assumed that home range sizes and location were closely correlated to environmental characteristics of the habitats and the seasonal variation of home-range was related to distribution of food sources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.51-60
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• 2014

This study was carried out to analyze the home ranges of three medium-sized mammals(Nyctereutes procyonoides, Prionailurus bengalensis, and Meles leucurus) inhabiting the Sobaeksan National Park, Korea. Three individuals of each species were captured using live traps(Tomahawk live trap 210A) and radio tracking was conducted from June 2012 to May 2014 using VHF and CDMA methods. We determined that the home range of N. procyonoides was $6.53{\pm}6.66km^2$(MCP 100), $3.39{\pm}4.73km^2$(FK 95), and $0.48{\pm}0.62km^2$(FK 50), that of P. bengalensis was $7.13{\pm}5.61km^2$(MCP 100), $7.77{\pm}3.91km^2$(FK 95), and $1.88{\pm}0.96km^2$(FK 50), and that of M. leucurus was $1.77{\pm}1.82km^2$(MCP 100), $3.17{\pm}4.52km^2$(FK 95), and $0.63{\pm}0.87km^2$(FK 50). The home ranges of both N. procyonoides and P. bengalensis were greater than that of M. leucurus, and moreover, both were larger than $6km^2$(P. bengalensis>N. procyonoides). The results also showed that for each species, 1.2~4.4% of the home range overlapped with that of the other two species and that this overlap occurred in the vicinity of a water system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a Designed and Developed home router management system. Through the fourth industrial revolution and development of IoT technology, now people can experience a wide range of IoT related services at their workplace or daily lives. At the industrial site, IoT devices are used to improve productivity such as factory automation, and at home, IoT technology is used to control home appliances from a remote distance. Usually IoT device is integrated and controlled by the router. Home router connects different IoT devices together at home, however when security issues arise, it can invade personal privacy. Even though these threats exist, the perception for home router security is still insufficient. In this paper, we have designed and developed home router management system using DEVS methodology to promote the safe use of home router. Through the DEVS methodology, we have designed the system and developed the mobile application. This management system enables users to set up security options for home router easily.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2012

To determine the movement patterns, home range, and use of structural features of captive-bred one- or two-year-old Amur ratsnake (Elaphe schrenckii) juveniles in the natural habitat, we radio-tracked a total of 11 juvenile snakes in a mountain valley in Chiaksan National Park, South Korea, between August 21 and September 20, 2010 and between June 13 and July 13, 2011. During the first week of the release, most juveniles moved short distances, daily, but they increased their distances after the first week. The body weight of the juveniles was negatively related with the movement rate (dividing the number of movements by the number of relocations), which was positively related with the mean daily distances moved and the size of both a kernel 50% and 95% home range. During the study period, the juveniles moved daily, approximately 17 m, and the size of the minimum convex polygon and the 50% and 95% kernel home ranges were 1.8 ha, 0.4 ha, and 3.0 ha, respectively. The released captive-bred juveniles were more frequently confirmed underground or on the ground rather than on rocks or on trees. Our results suggest that the body condition of released individuals, the seasonal time of the release, and the existence of available prey and shelters in the habitat should be carefully considered when releasing captive-bred Amur ratsnake juveniles for the rehabilitation of field populations.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2020

Background: Determining patterns of habitat use is key to understanding of animal ecology. Approximately 1% of bird species use brood parasitism for their breeding strategy, in which they exploit other species' (hosts) parental care by laying eggs in their nests. Brood parasitism may complicate the habitat requirement of brood parasites because they need habitats that support both their host and their own conditions for breeding. Brood parasitism, through changes in reproductive roles of sex or individual, may further diversify habitat use patterns among individuals. However, patterns of habitat use in avian brood parasites have rarely been characterized. In this study, we categorized the habitat preference of a population of brood parasitic lesser cuckoos (Cuculus poliocephalus) breeding on Jeju Island, Korea. By using compositional analyses together with radio-tracking and land cover data, we determined patterns of habitat use and their sexual and diurnal differences. Results: We found that the lesser cuckoo had a relatively large home range and its overall habitat composition (the second-order selection) was similar to those of the study area; open areas such as the field and grassland habitats accounted for 80% of the home range. Nonetheless, their habitat, comprised of 2.54 different habitats per hectare, could be characterized as a mosaic. We also found sexual differences in habitat composition and selection in the core-use area of home ranges (third-order selection). In particular, the forest habitat was preferentially utilized by females, while underutilized by males. However, there was no diurnal change in the pattern of habitat use. Both sexes preferred field habitats at the second-order selection. At the third-order selection, males preferred field habitats followed by grasslands and females preferred grasslands followed by forest habitats. Conclusions: We suggest that the field and grassland habitats represent the two most important areas for the lesser cuckoo on Jeju Island. Nevertheless, this study shows that habitat preference may differ between sexes, likely due to differences in sex roles, sex-based energy demands, and potential sexual conflict.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006

Short-range wireless communication and networking technologies are becoming increasingly important in enabling useful mobile applications. for example, ZigBee technology is expected to provide low cost and low power connectivity for equipment that needs battery life as long as several months to several years. In addition, ZigBee can be implemented in mesh networks larger than is possible with Bluetooth. The main features of this ZigBee standard are network flexibility, low cost, very low power consumption, and low data rate in an adhoc self-organizing network among fixed, portable and moving devices. Home network/Home automation is one of the key market areas for Zigbee, with an example of a simple network This paper investigates the effect of short range wireless channel on the performance of Zigbee system and DSSS-BPSK signal transmission in AWGN, interference and Rician fading environments. And we investigate performance degradation due to interference and fading effects in short range wireless channel. In particular, the impacts of the fading and interference level on the bit error probability is shown in BER performance figures.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.962-969
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• 2016

This study assessed the ecological and behavioral characteristics of the sika deer from April 2012 to August 2016. To obtain basic information on the behavioral patterns of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) including their annual home range, sika deer wearing GPS tracking collars were released into 1,385 locations at a different altitude around where they had been captured in Songnisan. The released individuals were studied through home range analysis. According to our observations, annual home ranges of the sika deer (n=6) is seen to be $2.24{\pm}1.50km^2$ (t=3.648, p<0.05) of MCP 95% for the entire area of home range and $0.46{\pm}0.31km^2$ (t=3.666, p<0.05)$km^2$ of FK 50% for the home range core area respectively. The annual home ranges of the sika deers by sex were $2.94km^2$ for female and $1.53km^2$ for male. This study is expected to provide basic data for habitat management and ecological study of sika deer and to contribute to the management of wild animals.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2020

Migratory birds use a variety of breeding and wintering sites, and it is particularly important to understand more information on breeding and feeding sites for the conservation and management of endangered species. Black-faced spoonbills (Platalea minor) are an international endangered species distributed in East Asia. The majority of black-faced spoonbills breed on uninhabited islets off the west coast of the Korean Peninsula during the breeding season, and they are distributed in East Asia such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, southern China, Japan, and Jeju island during the winter season. In this study, we used a wild animal location tracking system to analyze and compare home ranges of three black-faced spoonbills spending the post-fledging stage in Gujido islet in Incheon and Chilsando islet in Yeonggwang each in 2015. The tree black-faced spoonbills in Guji islet showed a home range in coastal areas in Hwanghaenam-do and Gangneung-gun. The home range size (mean±SD) was estimated to be 425.49±116.95 ㎢ using 100% MCP, 43.61±18.51 ㎢ using KDE 95%, and 7.46±3.68 ㎢using KDE 50%. The tree black-faced spoonbills in Chilsando islet showed a home range in the Baeksu tidal flat and the Buan Saemangeum area with a size of 99.38±55.29 ㎢ using 100% MCP, 19.87±6.05 ㎢ using KDE 95%, and 1.16±0.53 ㎢ using KDE 50%. The figured indicated that the tree black-faced spoonbills breeding in Gujido islet had a wider home range than those breeding in Chilsando islet. During the post-fledging stage, the home ranges of black-faced spoonbills were mostly breeding in mudflats. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize human intervention, such as the construction of roads and structures and the human access, to protect the habitats during the period.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2020

Domestic cats (Felis catus) introduced to insular environments can be invasive predators that often threaten endemic species and cause biodiversity loss or local extinction on the island. This study was conducted from March to July 2018 to understand the population size, home range, and spatial use of cats introduced to Mara Islet (N 33° 07', E 126° 16') in Jeju Special Governing Province, the Republic of Korea. Observation records based on their natural marks revealed that there were 20 adult cats on Mara Islet. A capture-recapture method also estimated 20 adult individuals (95% confidence interval: 20-24 individuals). According to our telemetry study on ten adults deployed with GPS-based telemetry units, the home range size was 12.05±6.99 ha (95% KDE: kernel density estimation), and the core habitat size was 1.60±0.77 ha (50% KDE). There were no significant differences in the home range and core habitat sizes by sex. The home range of domestic cats overlapped with the human residential area, where they might secure easy foods. Five of ten tracked cats were active at potential breeding colonies for the Crested Murrlet (Synthliboramphus wumizusume), and six approached potential breeding areas of the Styan's Grasshopper Warbler (Locustella pleskei), suggesting the predation risk of the two endangered species by cats. This study provides novel information on the population size and home range of introduced cats on Mara Islet which is an important stopover site of migratory birds as well as a breeding habitat of the two endangered avian species. Reducing the potential negative impacts of the introduced cats on migratory birds and the endangered species on Mara Islet requires monitoring of the predation rate of birds by cats, the population trends of cats and endangered breeding birds as well as the effective cat population control and management.