• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.47-59
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of ancient Korean books around the world, and to study the process and impact of Myongsimbogam's distribution to East Asia and Europe. Research design, data and methodology: This study conducted literature research as its research method. The scope of research covers Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam, Spain, Germany and Russia. Results: Ancient Korean books were distributed through the Kwanpan and Banggakbon, and leaked overseas in historical circumstances. Myongsimbogam was distributed to Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam, Spain, France, Germany, and Russia. Myongsimbogam was the first ancient book to be translated into Western languages. Conclusions: The distribution of Myongsimbogam promoted the exchange of spiritual civilizations in the East and West, and became the basis for maintaining an individual philosophy, as well as social order. Therefore, the distribution of Myongsimbogam needs to be further expanded. For this, it is necessary to translate Myongsimbogam into English and popularize it through e-books, audio books and various lectures. While previous studies on Myongsimbogam have mainly focused on personality and moral education, this study is significant in that it examines the distribution and dissemination process of Myongsimbogam, its influence and significance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.92-104
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• 2007

This paper aims to discussion the characteristics of location and spatial organization on Hongneung and Yureung(royal tomb) in Namyangju through the interpretation of traditional oriental philosophy including Feng-Shui theory. To do this, we studied in two ways; analysis of the present conditions and photographing research materials about the form of physical structure and review of historical document. The result of analysis in sight of the location and spatial structure was good matched. Main finding of this paper are as follows: The location and landscape structure was characterized by the harmony with natural following traditional thinking and the Korean view of nature, while maintaining the dignity of the King. The spatial organization were placed in a straight line following the hierarchy of metaphysics by order of Neungchim(Tombs Vicinity) - Changmyungdeung(Stone Lantern) - Chungjakak(Pavilion) - Hongsalmun(Gate for Heavenly Gods) and was based on the Confucianism value, the natural contour and inner value. Through this study, we find the principles made it possibles to re-evaluate nature in modem society and provided us with new ways to conserve nature with the help of environmental theory.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2023

Shoushili was the official calendrical method promulgated in 1280 CE by the Yuan dynasty. It contains a list of the angular spans in right ascensions for the 28 lunar lodges. They are known to have been measured by Guo Shoujing with his advanced instruments with an unprecedented precision or reading error of 5'. Such precise data are useful to determine their observational epoch with an error range which is narrow enough to pinpoint on which historical occasion they were observed. Using the precise SIMBAD data based on eDR3 of GAIA and carefully identified determinative stars and considering the precession of equinoxes and proper motions, we apply linear regression methods to those data and obtain the observational epoch of 1271 ± 16 CE and the measurement error of 4.1'. We also have polar distances corresponding to declinations written in another manuscript of the Ming dynasty. Since the two data sets have similar significant digits, they were suggested to have the same origin. However, we obtain their observational epoch of 1364±5 CE and the measurement error of 5.7'. They must have been measured with different instruments and on a different occasion from the observations related to Shoushili. We review the history of the calendrical reform during the 13th century in the Yuan dynasty. We conclude that the observational epoch obtained from lodge spans in Shoushili agrees with the period of observations led by Guo Shoujing or 1276-1279 CE, which is also supported by the fact that the ecliptic lodge span values listed in Shoushili were calculated from the equatorial lodge spans.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2019

Purpose: This review describes the historical changes in nutrition philosophy from a reductionist to a holistic approach during the $20^{th}$ century. Also, the role and efficient use of a holistic approach to precision nutrition are discussed. Results: Over the past century, significant progress has been made in human nutrition research, unraveling fundamental mechanisms of single nutrients on single targets or pathways. This kind of a reductionist approach has helped to save populations from nutrient deficiency diseases and improve associated health outcomes in large parts of the world. However, a new set of nutrition problems, like obesity and diet-related chronic diseases, are growing each year worldwide, increasing the financial burden on the health care system. A linear cause-effect association between single nutrients and a single physiologic effect, is insufficient to solve the complex nutrition-health relationships. Research that involves a more holistic rather than reductionist approach is needed to tackle a new set of nutrition problems. Recent advances in technology, informatics, and statistical methods are enabling an understanding of the diversity of individuals and the complex interactions between foods and human bodies, leading to the concept of "precision nutrition." Conclusion: The emerging goal of precision nutrition is to provide tailored dietary advice for maintaining health and preventing obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. The parts are already being installed. To grab the complexity, reductionism and holism must be used interdependently.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.343-354
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• 2018

In this study, the first experience of the whole research process of a novice scientist (student A) who participated in the Undergraduate Research Program (URP) was analyzed. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and document analysis with the cultural historical activity theory being used as a theoretical lens. At the beginning of novice's research, the mentor guided him in setting a research goal and provided mediating artifacts. Student A formed a research team based on the vertical relationship without a shared mental model. Two major contradictions occurred and they were the sources of changes of student A's activity system. The first contradiction was between the mentor's educational philosophy and the mentee's educational needs, which was resolved in a way that student A asked and used the mentor's network to obtain his needs about task-specific details. The second contradiction arose because the team members wanted horizontal relationship while student A wanted to stick to the vertical relationship. After student A accepted the opinions of the team members, they cooperatively changed the division of labor in the activity system. Student A decided to become a scientist and not a physics teacher, even if his major is physics education after finishing his URP research process. His URP experience also created and expanded his network in the academic field, and his negative attitude toward collaboration changed positively. Through the analysis of the structure and changes in the activity system of URP research, implications for instructional method and support system of the apprenticeship can be obtained.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.1 s.138
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• pp.73-90
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• 2005

Although the history of IPM can be traced back to the late 19th century, when ecology was identified as the foundation for scientific plant protection, it has been more than thirty years since first enunciation. Since than, the concept of IPM has evolved in multiple paths not only in entomology but in plant pathology and in weed science, and the philosophy has become a firm foundation to the science of plant protection. The IPM concept has gained wide general acceptance, however, because of the many-facet aspects, there has been some controversy and/or misunderstanding by the students and practitioners. In this paper, I was tried to review the concepts of IPM and to resolve the contradiction between the philosophy and practical techniques. On this line, the historical background and the concept of economic injury level, which is the foundation of the concepts, are reviewed and discussed the sampling techniques and the population dynamics of single pest, which were basic to the rational and effective application of the management techniques. IPM is not a science per se but it is a technique and it should be applicable to the real conditions. For this purpose, the information on the pests should be transferred to the producers as fast as possible. From such, some of my own opinion is presented in relation to current systems of the pest occurrence forecasting.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.59-79
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• 2022

We investigated the records of astronomical phenomena in the Hyeonjong-Donggung-Ilgi written by the educational office for a crown prince, Sigang-won, during the time of a crown prince of the king Hyeonjong (i.e., from 1649 to 1659). Of the total of 3,625 days, 3,044 astronomical accounts were compiled from astronomical records of 2,003 days. We classified these astronomical accounts into 16 items, grouped into five categories, and statistically analyzed each group. In our analysis, the accounts for atmos-pheric optical phenomena equates to 57.9% of the total, and for celestial phenomena visible during the daytime the percentage is 17.3%. The records related to the approach between two objects such as planets, moon, and stars account for 3.3%, and solar or lunar eclipses take up 0.6%. The ratio of accounts regarding meteor, comet, and fire light (火光) stand at 13.8%, 0.30%, and 6.8%, respectively. Sunny days account for 71.1% of all days per year during this period. We determined that the distribution of the fire light by month is similar to that of the solar halo. We also found that the astronomical records from the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty correspond to only 30% of those of the Hyeonjong-Donggung-Ilgi for the same period. In particular, the phenomena of celestial objects occurring outside the atmosphere are transmitted to the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty in a higher proportion than the phenomena inside the air. It is therefore necessary to use a historical diary like a Donggung-Ilgi to interpret the phenomena in the air such as atmospheric optical events, meteor, and fire light.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2024

The armillary sphere, an astronomical observation device embodying the Orbital Heaven Theory of the Later Han Dynasty in China, holds both historical and scientific significance. It has been produced in various forms by many individuals since its inception in the era of King Sejong in the Joseon Dynasty. A prominent figure in this field was Nam Byeong-cheol (南秉哲, 1817-1863), known for his work 'Uigijipseol' (儀器輯說), published in 1859, which detailed the history, production methods, and usage of the armillary sphere. This text particularly highlights 21 applications of the armillary sphere, divided into 33 measurements, covering aspects like installation, time, and positional measurements, supplemented with explanations of spherical trigonometry. Despite numerous records of the armillary sphere's design during the Joseon Dynasty, detailed usage information remains scarce. In this study, the 33 measurements described in 'Uigijipseol' (儀器輯說) were systematically classified into six for installation, nineteen for position measurement, seven for time measurement, and one for other purposes. Additionally, the measurement methods were analyzed and organized by dividing them into the ecliptic ring, moving equatorial ring, and fixed equatorial ring of the armillary sphere. In other words, from a modern astronomical perspective, the results of schematization for each step were presented by analyzing it from the viewpoint of longitude, right ascension, and solar time. Through the analysis of Nam's armillary sphere, this study not only aims to validate the restoration model of the armillary sphere but also suggests the potential for its use in basic astronomical education based on the understanding of the 19th-century Joseon armillary sphere.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.119-138
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• 2020

Unlike the era of manufacturing-oriented industrial economy in the past, the era of service economy has characteristics intangible goods center, knowledge universalization, and expansion of needs, and many things that are of the economy are changing. In the past, the change in the environment was not fast, so even after analyzing the changed environment and deriving the talent needed for the company, it was possible to maintain a talent for the organization for a long time, so it is not proactive to build and apply talent. It became difficult to manage effectively. Therefore, in this paper, we conducted a normative study for deriving a desirable talent model rather than a descriptive human resource model. Human resources image suitable for the modern service economy era, the modern economic society and modern spirit were analyzed and reflected. The model in which the two opposing members of the organization, managers and employees, interact intensely and balance dialectically. A desirable talent in a modern organization must play the role of a manager, and the management and talent models in a modern organization can be said to be connected to each other like the front and back sides of a coin. The philosophy of human resources was presented in five dimensions: human, historical, social, economic, and management. The human resource model from eight factors: mastery, rationality, wisdom, customer orientation, innovation, flexibility, autonomy, collaboration. This study suggested that general talent model may vary depending on the company's type, empirical follow-up studies are needed the talents in each company in the future.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.8
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• pp.95-127
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• 2005

It's a matter of ontology rather than that of cognition and methodology to discuss a work of art in Gadamer's philosophy. In addition, he emphasizes the cognitive aspect of a work of art instead of comparing forms and contents of them. For that reason, he excludes aesthetic consciousness derived from Kant first and then makes away with Schiller's theory of aesthetic education. For Gadamer, the concept of truth does not mean accord or correspondence. It would rather be an encounter. This encounter is not axed on a specific time, but a continuous and historical one. Basically. a work of art guarantees this kind of an encounter. This encounter is not based on mutual agreement through an objective standard but on recognition with mutual understanding. Therefore, prejudice or tradition should be acknowledged and respected instead of being excluded. We have only to minimize difference between them through conversation. Gadamer's ontology of a work of art is based on such a ground. The function of a work of art is not only simple satisfaction of aesthetic senses but an object of interpretation, that is, a text by presenting a ground of truth through an agreement of situation. This text reveals its meaning in the situation of author-text-reader. The appearance of this meaning is nothing but the birth of truth. Symbol-allegory and classicism show how to express this kind of truth in a work of art. It is true that Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics cannot be easily applied to interpret a concrete work of art because it just lays emphasis on the process of 'understanding' instead of a detailed analysis on an individual work. For that reason, he was criticized by some people because of this subjectivity of understanding. However, it's meaning could be changed according to the viewpoint on a work of art. There appears various structural approaches on a work of art in contemporary theory of art. Gadamer just asks the basis of such approaches instead of criticizing a specific one Therefore, a practical approach on individual work should be made separately and hermeneutics enriches the meaning of open-ending of each work of art.