• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2010

Flexible electronics are the electronics on flexible substrates such as a plastic, fabric or paper, so that they can be folded or attached on any curved surfaces. They are currently recognized as one of the most innovating future technologies especially in the area of portable electronics. The conventional vacuum deposition and photolithographic patterning methods are well developed for inorganic microelectronics. However, flexible polymer substrates are generally chemically incompatible with resists, etchants and developers and high temperature processes used in conventional integrated circuit processing. Additionally, conventional processes are time consuming, very expensive and not environmentally friendly. Therefore, there are strong needs for new materials and a novel processing scheme to realize flexible electronics. This paper introduces current research trends for flexible electronics based on (a) nanoparticles, and (b) novel processing schemes: nanomaterial based direct patterning methods to remove any conventional vacuum deposition and photolithography processes. Among the several unique nanomaterial characteristics, dramatic melting temperature depression (Tm, 3nm particle~$150^{\circ}C$) and strong light absorption can be exploited to reduce the processing temperature and to enhance the resolution. This opens a possibility of developing a cost effective, low temperature, high resolution and environmentally friendly approach in the high performance flexible electronics fabrication area.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.203-207
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• 2017

A homogeneous $KNbO_3$ (KN) phase was formed by sintering at $1,040^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, without formation of the $K_2O$-deficient secondary phase even though suffering the minor loss of $K_2O$. KN liquid phase was formed during sintering and abnormal grain growth occurred in this specimen. The detailed microstructural observations on KN during sintering were carried out using high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The ledged structures were found at the KN grain boundary and the abnormal grain growth was performed by the lateral migration of these ledges in the presence of the liquid phase. The liquid pockets were found in the KN grains. They have various external shapes mainly due to the kinetic factors. They have atomically flat interfaces with some ledges with one atomic height. The slight deficient $K_2O$ by evaporation might somewhat reduce the melting point of KN from the reported at $1,058^{\circ}C$. The liquid pockets play an important role in supplying the liquid phase during the abnormal grain growth in the sintering process of KN ceramics.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.80-88
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• 2013

당근(Daucus carota L. var. sativa)은 세계적으로 광범위하게 사용되는 채소 작물 중 하나로 비타민 A 카로티노이드의 전구체로 잘 알려진 베타카로틴이 다량 함유되어 있어 영양학적으로도 중요한 작물이다. 하지만 당근 종자는 종피의 epidermal 세포에서 연장되는 형태로 생성되는 종자모의 캐로톨 등과 같은 다양한 요인들에 의해 종자의 수분흡수와 발아가 억제된다. 따라서 당근 종자를 상품화하기 이전에 기계적인 종자모 제거과정을 거쳐야 하며 이러한 과정 때문에 생산자는 종자의 물리적인 손실은 물론 시간과 노동력, 그리고 자본금과 같은 추가적인 손실을 감수해야만 한다. 그리고 종자의 물리적인 손실은 종자발아율을 불균일하게 한다. 이러한 문제점들을 보완하기 위해서 무모종자 당근품종 개발을 위한 육종이 필요하게 되었으며 이러한 육종과정을 위해 종자모 형질관련 분자표지에 관한 연구가 필요하게 되었다. 이에 따라, 본 연구에서는 단모종자 표현형 CT-SMR 616 OP 659-1 개체와 유모종자 표현형 CT-SMR 616 OP 677-14 개체, 그리고 단모종자 표현형 CT-ATR 615 OP 666-13 개체와 유모종자 표현형 CT-ATR 615 OP 671-9 개체의 cDNA library를 각각 작성하였다. 또한 각각의 개체별로 1,248개의 EST, 합계 4,992개의 EST를 sequencing하였다. 단모종자와 유모종자 개체의 EST sequence들을 2개의 조합에서 각각 비교 분석하여 19개의 SNP site, 14개의 SNP site를 확인하였으며 이를 바탕으로 SNP site에 대한 High Resolution Melting 분석을 위한 프라이머를 작성하였다. 작성된 HRM 프라이머들은 유모종자 표현형 CT-SMR 616 OP 1040 개체군과 무모종자 표현형 CT-SMR 616 OP 1024, 1025, 1026 개체군을 이용하여 확인하였다. 그 중 한세트의 HRM 프라이머에서 유모 및 단모종자 표현형 개체군들의 melting curve간 특이적 다형성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 유모종자 당근 및 단모종자 당근간의 보다 간편한 선발을 위해 allele-specific PCR 프라이머를 작성하였다. 이러한 HRM 및 AS-PCR 결과는 무모종자 당근육종에 있어 유용한 분자표지로써 사용될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.383-386
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• 2006

High temperature size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been used widely for the characterization of crystalline polymers, for which high temperature operation above the polymer melting temperature is required to dissolve the polymers. However, this high temperature operation has many advantages in SEC separation in addition to merely increasing polymer solubility. At high temperature the eluent viscosity decreases, which in turn decreases the column backpressure and increases the diffusivity of the analytes. Therefore, many reports on the high temperature operation of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have focused on shortening the analysis time and enhancing the resolution. However, the application of high temperature SEC analysis to exploit the merits of high temperature operation is scarce. In this article, therefore, we report on a new apparatus design for high temperature SEC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.891-894
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• 2014

This study is aimed to investigate the role of paired boxed gene 1 (PAX1) methylation analysis by methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) in the detection of high grade lesions in atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) and compared its performance with the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) human papillomavirus (HPV) test. In our study, 130 cases with a diagnosis of ASC-H from the cervical cytological screening by Thinprep cytologic test (TCT) technique were selected for triage. Their cervical scrapings were collected and evaluated by using PAX1 methylation analysis (MS-HRM) and high-risk HPV DNA test (HC2), followed by colposcopy and cervical biopsy. Chi-square test were used to test the differences of PAX1 methylation or HPV infection between groups. In the detection of CIN2+, the sensitivity, specificity, the PPV, NPV and the accuracy of PAX1 MS-HRM assay and high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) tests were respectively 80.6% vs 67.7%, 94.9% vs 54.5%, 83.3%, vs 31.8%, 94.0% vs 84.4%, and 91.5% vs 57.7%. The PAX1 MS-HRM assay proved superior to HR-HPV testing in the detection of high grade lesions (CIN2+) in ASC-H. This approach could screen out the majority of high grade lesion cases of ASC-H, and thus could reduce the referral rate to colposcopy.

• KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics and Applications
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• 제2C권6호
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• pp.309-313
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• 2002

In this paper, we have studied minimization of the kerf-width and surface burning, which occurred after the conventional singulation process of the multi-layer BGA board with copper, polyethylene and epoxy glass fiber. The high thermal energy of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser is used to cut the multi-layer board. The most considerable matter in the laser cutting of the multi-layer BGA boards is their different absorption coefficient to the laser beam and their different heat conductivity. The cut mechanism of a multi-layer BGA board using a 2$^{nd}$ harmonic Nd:YAG laser is the thermal vaporization by high temperature rise based on the Gaussian profile and copper melting point. In this experiment, we found that the sacrifice layer and Na blowing are effective in minimizing the surface burning by the reaction between oxygen in the air and the laser beam. In addition, N2 blowing reduces laser energy loss by debris and suppresses surface oxidation. Also, the beam incidence on the epoxy layer compared to polyimide was much more suitable to reduce damage to polyimide with copper wire for the multi layer BGA singulation. When the polyester double-sided tape is used as a sacrifice layer, surface carbonization becomes less. The SEM, non-contact 3D inspector and high-resolution microscope are used to measure cut line-width and surface morphology.

• 한국레이저가공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2015

In this paper, ablation rate of $Al_2O_3$ ceramics by femtosecond laser fluence is derived with experimental method. The automatic three axis linear stage makes laser optics to move with high spatial resolution. With 10 times objective lens, minimal pattern width of $Al_2O_3$ is measured in the focal plane. Ablated surface area is shown as linear tendency increasing number of machining times with various laser power conditions. Machining times is most sensitive condition to control $Al_2O_3$ pattern width. Also, the linear increment of pattern width with laser power change is investigated. In high machining speed, the ablation volume rate is more linear with fluence because pulse overlap is minimized in this condition. Thermal effect to surrounding medium can be minimized and clean laser process without melting zone is possible in high machining speed. Ablation volume rate decelerates as increasing machining times and multiple machining times should be considered to achieve proper ablation width and depth.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2012

농업유전자원센터에 보존하고 있는 고추 유전자원 1,941점을 240H02sp6 SNP 마커를 이용하여 Cucumber mosaic virus 저항성 정도를 평가하였다. 1941점의 고추 유전자원에서 89점이 저항성, 162점이 이형접합성, 1270점이 이병성으로 분석되었다. 고추 종별로는 C. annuum은 총 839자원 중 38점이 저항성으로 나타났으며, C. baccatum은 277점 중 23%에 해당하는 자원만 분석이 되었고 분석된 자원 중 20점이 저항성을 나타났다. C. chinense는 21점이 저항성, C. frutescens는 8점이 저항성을 보였다. C. pubescens는 K157779 자원만 이병성을 나타내었으며, Capsicum sp. 자원들 중에는 저항성 자원이 없었다. 야생근연종인 C. chacoense는 15점이 분석되어 1점이 저항성, 4점이 이형접합성, 6점이 이병성을 보였고, C. galapagoense, C. tovarii는 각 한 점씩 분석되었고 모두 이병성으로 나타났다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2012

세 개의 race가 보고되어 있는 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici는 전 세계적으로 그 피해가 막대한 토마토 시들음병의 원인균으로 알려져 있다. 토마토 유전자원 1,906 자원을 대상으로 토마토 시들음병 race 3 저항성 유전자 I-3의 유전형을 high resolution melting 법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 총 97점의 자원에서 homozygous resistant 피크가 확인되었으며, 8점은 이형접합성, 1,801점은 감수성으로 나타났다. 저항성 자원 97점의 종 분포는 S. lycopersicum var. lycopersicum가 65점, S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme가 13점, 12종의 야생근연종 중에서 저항성 자원은 S. pimpinellifolium 8점, S. habrochaites 3점, S. corneliomulleri 3점, S. galapagense 1점, S. peruvianum 3점, S. chilense 1점으로 총 19점이었다. 하지만 좀 더 정확한 시들음병 저항성 평가를 위하여 추후에 race 1과 2에 대한 유전분석과 생물검정이 필요하다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1873-1880
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• 2015

Background: A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) on patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treated with peginterferon and ribavirin (pegIFN-${\alpha}$/RBV) identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on chromosome 19 (rs12979860) which was strongly associated with a sustained virological response (SVR). The aim of this study was twofold: to study the relationship between IL28B rs12979860 and sustained virological response (SVR) to pegIFN-${\alpha}$/RVB therapy among CHC patients and to detect the rs12979860 polymorphism by high resolution melting curve (HRM) assay as a simple, fast, sensitive, and inexpensive method. Materials and Methods: The study examined outcomes in 100 patients with chronic hepatitis C in 2 provinces of Iran from December 2011 to June 2013. Two methods were applied to detect IL28B polymorphisms: PCR-sequencing as a gold standard method and HRM as a simple, fast, sensitive, and inexpensive method. Results: The frequencies of IL28B rs12979860 CC, CT, and TT alleles in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1a patients were 10% (10/100), 35% (35/100), and 6% (6/100) and in genotype 3a were 13% (13/100), 31% (31/100), and 5% (5/100), respectively. In genotype 3a infected patients, rs12979860 (CC and CT alleles) and in genotype 1a infected patients (CC allele) were significantly associated with a sustained virological response (SVR). The SVR rates for CC, CT and TT (IL28B rs12979860) were 18%, 34% and 4%, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified two independent factors that were significantly associated with SVR: IL-28B genotype (rs 12979860 CC vs TT and CT; odds ratio [ORs], 7.86 and 4.084, respectively), and HCV subtype 1a (OR, 7.46). In the present study, an association between SVR rates and IL28B polymorphisms was observed. Conclusions: The HRM assay described herein is rapid, inexpensive, sensitive and accurate for detecting rs12979860 alleles in CHC patients. This method can be readily adopted by any molecular diagnostic laboratory with HRM capability and will be clinically beneficial in predicting treatment response in HCV genotype 1 and 3 infected patients. In addition, it was demonstrated that CC and CT alleles in HCV-3a and the CC allele in HCV-1a were significantly associated with response to pegIFN-${\alpha}$/RBV treatment. The present results may help identify subjects for whom the therapy might be successful.