• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.296-304
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• 1994

Antibiotic substances were produced by Bacillus subtilis YB-70, a potential biocontrol agent found to suppress root-rot of eggplant (Solanum melonggena L) caused by Fusarium solani, in a dextrose glutamate medium and isolated by isoelectric precipitation. Partial purification was performed by column chromatography on silica gel with two solvent systems: chloroform-methanol and methanol-chloroform-water as eluting solvents, This active fraction YBS-1 s contained antifungal activity were soluble in ethanol, methanol, and water, but were not soluble in other solvents including acetone, butanol, ethyl ether, dimethylformamide, propanol, and etc. High performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatographic separation of YBS-1s showed that they have been composed of three biological active bands that were named YBS-1A, -1B, and -1C. The substances were stable to heat and resistant to protease. YBS-1s were active against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi but did not inhibit the growth of bacteria and yeasts. They were not only fungicidal but also fungistatic against chlamydospores of F. solani. The $ED_{50}$ values for the chlamydospore germination and the germ-tube growth of F. solani were $O.725\mu\textrm{m}/ml\;and\;O.562\mu\textrm{m}/ml$, respectively. Microscopic observations proved the substances restricted the growth of phytopathogenic fungus F. solani by spore burst followed by dissolving of its germ-tube, and caused abnormal hyphal swelling after application to chlamydospores or growing hyphae. Cultural filtrate of B; subtilis YB-70 also suppressed the development of root-rot of eggplant in pot tests.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2010

Ginsenosides are the principal components responsible for the pharmacological and biological activities of ginseng. Ginsenoside Rd was transformed into compound K using cell-free extracts of food microorganisms, with Lactobacillus pentosus DC101 isolated from kimchi (traditional Korean fermented food) used for this conversion. The optimum time for the conversion was about 72 h at a constant pH of 7.0 and an optimum temperature of about $30^{\circ}C$. The transformation products were identified by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were assigned using nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Generally, ginsenoside Rd was converted into ginsenoside F2 by 36 h post-reaction. Consequently, over 97% of ginsenoside Rd was decomposed and converted into compound K by 72 h post-reaction. The bioconversion pathway to produce compound K is as follows: ginsenoside Rd$\rightarrow$ginsenoside F2$\rightarrow$compound K.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2010

이전 연구에서 저자들은 여뀌 추출물의 항산화작용과 미백, 항주름 효과를 통한 항노화 활성, 항균활성 및 여뀌 추출물을 함유한 크림을 제조하여 인체에서 측정한 보습효능에 대한 결과를 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)를 이용하여 여뀌 추출물에 대한 성분분석을 수행하였다. 여뀌 추출물 중 ethyl acetate 분획의 당 제거 반응 후 얻어진 aglycone 분획은 TLC 및 HPLC 실험에서 각각 2 개의 띠와 피이크로 분리되었으며, 분리된 2가지 성분은 quercetin 및 kaempferol이었다. 여뀌 추출물의 ethylacetate 분획의 TLC 크로마토그램은 6 개의 띠 (PH1 ~ PH6) 로 분리되었고 HPLC 크로마토그램은 7개의 피이크를 보여주었다. TLC와 HPLC의 띠와 피이크를 확인한 결과 quercetin, hyperin, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, kaempferol이 함유되어 있음을 확인하였다. 이상의 여뀌 추출물의 성분에 대한 분석 결과들은 이미 보고된 여뀌 추출물의 항산화 작용과 항노화 활성, 항균활성 및 보습효능 측정과 더불어 기능성 화장품 원료로서 응용이 가능함을 시사한다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2022

In the present study, four distinctly colored bacterial isolates that show intense pigmentation upon brief ultraviolet (UV) light exposure are chosen. The strains are identified as Micrococcus luteus (Milky yellow), Cryseobacterium pallidum (Yellow), Cryseobacterium spp. (Golden yellow), and Kocuria turfanensis (Pink) based on their morphological and 16S rDNA analysis. Moderate salinity (1.25%), 25-37℃ temperature, and pH of 7.2 are found to be the most favorable conditions of growth and pigment production for all the selected isolates. The pigments are extracted using methanol: chloroform (1:1) and the purity of the pigments are confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Further, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy indicate their resemblance with carotenoids and flexirubin family. The antioxidant activities of the pigments are estimated, and, all the pigments have shown significant antioxidant efficacy in 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The UV protective property of the pigments is determined by cling-film assay, wherein, at least 25% of UV sensitive Escherichia coli survive with bio-pigments even after 90 seconds of UV exposure compared to control. The pigments also hold a good sun protective factor (SPF) value (1.5-4.9) which is calculated with the Mansur equation. Based on these results, it can be predicted that these bacterial pigments can be further developed into a promising antioxidant and UV-protectant for several biomedical applications.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 1996

Benzidine, an aromatic amine used primarily in the manufacture of azo dyes, is recognized as a urinary bladder carcinogen in humans. In rats, mice, and hamsters, chronic exposure to benzidine resulted in tumors of the liver. The present study was undertaken to suggest analyzing the metabolites of benzidine with the optimal condition, identify the metabolites of benzidine, and observe time variance of the metabolites in the isolated perfusated rat liver. N-acetylbenzidine was synthesized by acetylation of benzidine with acetic anhydride and separated by thin layer chromatography(TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). To analysis benzidine and the metabolites of benzidine, HPLC operating condition has been optimized by means of preliminary experiment. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(37%) in phosphate buffer, flow rate maintained at 1.0 ml/min. Optimal detective conditions were electrochemicaldetector(ECD) at 0.75 V for benzidine and N-acetylbenzidine and ultravioletdetector(UVD) at 287 nm for N,N'-diacetylbenzidine. The separation system was composed of a guard column and a separation column(Polymer C18, $4.6{\times}250cm$) at a temparature of $40^{\circ}C$. The perfusion system was equilibrated for 30 minutes before addition of benzidine to the perfusate. Samples of the perfusate were collected at time intervals(0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 min) during the 2 hour perfusion. Before analyzing samples by HPLC/ECD/UVD, samples had been treated with sep-pak. Samples of perfusate analyzed by HPLC/ECD/UVD and the metabolites of benzidine in the isolated perfused rat liver were N-acetylbenzidine and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine. Benzidine metabolized over 60% during the initial 30 minutes of perfusion, extensively by 1 hour, and was undetectable in the perfusate. N-acetylbenzidine increased by 30 minutes of perfusion, declined. N,N'-diacetylbenzidine increased the 0-90 minutes period, remained constant during the 90-120 minutes period.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.278-284
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• 1984

복숭아씨기름 및 살구씨기름의 triglyceride 조성(組成)을 밝히기 위하여 시료유(試料油)로부터 TLC에 의하여 triglyceride를 분리하고, 이것을 HPLC에 의하여 PN 별(別)로 triglyceride를 분획(分劃)하여 분취(分取)하였다. 분취(分取)한 각분획(各劃分)을 GLC에 의하여 acyl 탄소수별(炭素數別)로 재분획(再分劃)하는 한편, 각획분(各劃分)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)을 분석(分析)하였다. 이들 결과로부터 시료유(試料油)의 triglyceride조성(組成)을 산정(算定)하였는데, 산정(算定)할 수 있었던 복숭아씨기름의 triglyceride는 15종류였으며, 이중(中) 주요(主要) triglyceride는 다음과 같다. $(3{\times}C_{18:1},\;30.9%)$, $(2{\times}C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;21.2%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;2{\times}C_{18:2},\;10.6%)$, $(3{\times}C_{18:2},\;3.8%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;2{\times}C_{18:1},\;1.8%)$, $(C_{16:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;1.5%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;1.1%)$ 등이다. 또한 살구씨기름의 정우는 산정(算定)할 수 있었던 triglyceride 는 13종류였고, 주요(主要) triglyceride는 다음과 같다. $(3{\times}C_{18:1},\;39.5%)$, $(2{\times}C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;24.5%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;2{\times}C_{18:2},\;14.2%)$, $(3{\times}C_{18:2},\;2.0%)$ 등이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.263-267
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• 1984

호도(胡桃)기름의 triglyceride 조성(組成)을 밝히기 위하여 TLC로서, 호도(胡桃)기름의 triglyceride를 분리하고, 이것을 HPLC에 의하여 PN별(別)로 triglyceride를 분획(分劃)하였다. PN 별(別)로 분획(分劃)한 각(各) 획분(劃分)을 다시 GLC에 의하여 acyl 탄소수별(炭素數別)로 분획(分劃)하였으며, 또한 PN별(別) 각획분(各劃分)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)을 GLC로 분석(分析)하였다. 이들 세가지 chromatography의 분석결과(分析結果)로 부터 호도(胡桃)기름의 triglyceride 조성(組成)을 산정(算定)하였다. 산정(算定)한 호도(胡桃)기름의 triglyceride는 10종류였으며, 이들 중 1% 이상을 차지하는 triglyceride를 들면 다음과 같다. $(C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2};\;53.3%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2};\;10.1%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2};\;5.4%)$, $(C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:3};\;4.3%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2};\;3.9%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:1},\;C_{18:2};\;2.0%)$, $(C_{18:0},\;C_{18:2},\;C_{18:2};\;1.8%)$.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2004

홍경천의 천연 보존료로서의 이용성을 검토하기 위하여 각종 용매로 홍경천 추출물을 제조하고 극성에 따라 순차 분획, silica-gel chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography의 분리과정을 거쳐 순수 분리된 각 물질을 GC/MS(EI) spectrum, $^1$H-NMR, $^{13}$C-NMR spectrum, 을 이용하여 항균물질을 동정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 홍경천에 대해 acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, chloroform, water의 각 용매로 추출한 결과 항균성분의 추출 용매로는 methanol이 가장 우수하였다. 홍경천 methanol 추출물을 n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butyl alcohol로 분획한 결과 ethyl acetate와 n-butyl alcohol 분획에서 우수한 항균력을 나타내었다. 홍경천 methanol 추출물은 그람양성 4균주와 그람음성 4균주에 대해 고체 배지의 경우 대체로 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL에서 최소저해를 나타냈으며, 액체배지의 경우 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL 내외에서 최소저해를 나타내었다. Silica gel column chromatography에서 용매의 비율을 높여가며 용출한 결과 chloroform methanol(8:2, v/v)의 비율에서 항균력이 가장 높게 나타났다. 분리된 항균성분을 silica-gel TLC plate에 용매의 비율을 높여가며 전개시켜 chloroform methanol(9:1, v/v)에서 9개의 물질군을 얻을 수 있었으며, 그중 항균력이 확인된 3개의 물질군을 HPLC와 NMR spectrum을 분석한 결과 gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin 및 kaempferol로 동정되었다. gallic acid, (-)-epicatechit kaempferol의 항균물질 각각의 최소저해농도는 Staphylococcu aureus와 Listeria monocytogenes에 대해 gallic acid와 kaempferol이 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL(-)-epicatechin이 100 UgfmL에서 저해를 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1999

제주도내 25개 지점의 토양시료로부터 총 703 주의 방선균을 분리하였다. 네 종류의 배지 중 soil extract를 함유한 arginine glycerol salts agar가 다양한 방선균을 분리하는데 가장 적합하였으며, 목장초지 토양이 다른 지역의 토양에 비해서 방선균의 다양성과 밀도면에서 가장 좋은 분리원이었다 순수분리된 526개의 균주를 대상으로 Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus 및 Pseudomonas solanacearum을 검정균으로 하여, 항균성 물질 생산여부를 검정한 결과, 생산균주의 발생빈도는 분리 및 배양에 사용한 배지의 종류에 따라서 $0{\sim}32.8%$로 많은 차이를 보였다. 세 종류의 검정균에 대하여 동시에 항균활성을 나타내는 10개 균주 중에서 pH 안정성과 열 안정성이 비교적 높은 물질을 생산하는 BL106Ba균주를 선택하여 등정한 결과, Streptomyces속에 속하며 S. albosporeus와 가장 유사한 것으로 추정되었다. B1106Ba의 배양액을 양이온 교환수지(AG MP-50)통과와 3차의 분자량 분획(Sephadex G-10)으로 정제하여 얻은 백색의 결정은 그람 음성균 및 양성균에 대해서는 강한 항균활성을 나타내었으나, 효모에 대해서는 약한 활성을 나타내었다. 이 결정 물질을 TLC와 HPLC로 분석한 결과 네 종류의 서로 다른 항균성 화합물이 혼합되어 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.12-23
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• 2020

Edible films containing antimicrobial agents can be used as safe alternatives to preserve food products. Essential oils are well-recognized antimicrobials. However, their low water solubility, volatility and high sensitivity to oxygen and light limit their application in food preservation. These limitations could be overcome by embedding these essential oils in complexed product matrices exploiting the encapsulation efficiency of β-cyclodextrin. This study focused on the maximization of β-cyclodextrin production using cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) and the evaluation of its encapsulation efficacy to fabricate edible antimicrobial films. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize CGTase production by Brevibacillus brevis AMI-2 isolated from mangrove sediments. This enzyme was partially purified using a starch adsorption method and entrapped in calcium alginate. Cyclodextrin produced by the immobilized enzyme was then confirmed using high performance thin layer chromatography, and its encapsulation efficiency was investigated. The clove oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were prepared using the coprecipitation method, and incorporated into chitosan films, and subjected to antimicrobial testing. Results revealed that β-cyclodextrin was produced as a major product of the enzymatic reaction. In addition, the incorporation of clove oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes significantly increased the antimicrobial activity of chitosan films against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In conclusion, B. brevis AMI-2 is a promising source for CGTase to synthesize β-cyclodextrin with considerable encapsulation efficiency. Further, the obtained results suggest that chitosan films containing clove oils encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin could serve as edible antimicrobial food-packaging materials to combat microbial contamination.