• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.516-518
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• 2003

Six year-old female shihtzu was presented as primary epileptic seizure. We had been treated with high dose phenobarbital sodium (6.5 mg/kg), but could not achieved adequate control seizures. In an add-on therapy, the dog was given potassium bromide at a dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg daily for a period of 24 months. This dog has showed a greater than 50% reduction in seizure frequency. The therapeutic range of serum concentration of potassium bromide was from 0.7 to 1.3 mg/ml at 6weeks after treatment. To begin an add-on therapy with potassium bromide it can be recommended at a daily dose of 20 to 40 mg/kg.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.327-342
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• 2006

Radiation therapy is an important part of cancer treatment in which cancer patients are treated using high-energy radiation such as x-rays, gamma rays, electrons, protons, and neutrons. Currently, about half of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment during their whole cancer care process. The goal of radiation therapy is to deliver the necessary radiation dose to cancer cells while minimizing dose to surrounding normal tissues. Success of radiation therapy highly relies on how accurately 1) identifies the target and 2) aim radiation beam to the target. Both tasks are strongly dependent of imaging technology and many imaging modalities have been applied for radiation therapy such as CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonant Image), and PET (Positron Emission Tomogaphy). Recently, many researchers have given significant amount of effort to develop and improve imaging techniques for radiation therapy to enhance the overall quality of patient care. For example, advances in medical imaging technology have initiated the development of the state of the art radiation therapy techniques such as intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), gated radiation therapy, tomotherapy, and image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Capability of determining the local tumor volume and location of the tumor has been significantly improved by applying single or multi-modality imaging fur static or dynamic target. The use of multi-modality imaging provides a more reliable tumor volume, eventually leading to a better definitive local control. Image registration technique is essential to fuse two different image modalities and has been In significant improvement. Imaging equipments and their common applications that are in active use and/or under development in radiation therapy are reviewed.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2013

고용량 옥소 치료 시 수평면, 수직면, 방위각에 따라 3차원적으로 방출되는 공간선량률을 측정하였다. 정확한 측정을 위해 기하학적 구조의 알루미늄 틀을 제작하여 100 cm 거리에서, 높이 (5 측정점), 방위각 (8 측정점), 시간적 간격 (6 측정점)을 각각 나누어서 분석하였다. 수직면상 공간선량률 분포는 $^{131}I$을 경구 투여 24 시간 후 환자로부터 거리 100 cm, 높이 100 cm 지점에서 환자군 평균 71.85 ${\mu}Sv/h$로 가장 높았다. 수분섭취를 통한 공간선량률 감쇠 정도를 두 그룹으로 나누어 실험하였다. $^{131}I$을 경구 투여 24시간 뒤 거리 100 cm, 높이 100 cm에서 공간선량률 분포가 A 실험군은 44.9 ${\mu}Sv/h$이고 B 실험군은 100.28 ${\mu}Sv/h$이다. A 실험군이 B 실험군과 비교하여 고용량 옥소 치료 시 수분섭취 정도에 따라 약 53 %의 피폭경감 효과를 확인하였다.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.45-48
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• 2017

This paper evaluated the amount of radiation generated by wedge filters during radiation therapy using a high-energy linear accelerator, and the dose to the worker during wedge replacement. After 10-MV photon beam was irradiated with wedge filter, the wedge was removed from the linear accelerator, and the dose rate and energy spectrum were measured. The initial measurement was approximately 1 uSv/h, and the radiation level was reduced to 0.3 uSv/h after 6 min. The effective half-life derived from the dose rate measurement was approximately 3.5 min, and the influence of AI-28 was about 53%. From the energy spectrum measurements, a peak of 1,799 keV was measured for AI-28, while the peak for Co-58 was not measured in the control room. The peaks for Au-106 and Cd-105 were found only measurement was done without wedge removement from the linear accelerator. The additional doses received by the radiation worker during wedge replacement were estimated to be 0.08-0.4 mSv per year.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.357-366
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• 1998

Brachytherapy is an essential part of radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer. The low dose rate (LDR) regimen has been the major technique of intracavitary therapy for cervical cancer. However, there has been an expansion in the last 20 years of high dose rate (HDR) machines using Ir-192 sources. Since 1979, HDR brachytherapy has been used for the treatment of uterine cervical cancer in Korea. The number of institutions employing HDR has been increasing, while the number of low dose rate system has been constant. In 1995, there was a total 27 HDR brachytherapy units installed and 1258 cases of patients with cervical cancer were treated with HDR Most common regimens of HDR brachytherapy are total dose of 30-39 Gy at point A with 10-13 fractions in three fractions per week. 24-32 Gy with 6-8 fractions in two fractions per week, and 30-35 Gy with 6-7 fractions in two fractions per week. The average fractionation regimen of HDR brachytherapy is about 8 fractions of 4.1 Gy each to Point A. In Korea, treatment results for HDR brachytherapy are comparable with the LDR series and appears to be a safe and effective alternative to LDR therapy for the treatment of cervical carcinoma. Studies from the major centers report the five-year survival rate of cervical cancer as. 78-86$\%$ for Stage 1, 68-85$\%$ for stage 11, and 38-56$\%$ for Stage III. World-wide questionnaire study and Japanese questionnaire survey of multiple institutions showed no survival difference in any stages and dose-rate effect ratio (HDR/LDR) was calculated to be 0.54 to 0.58. However the optimum treatment doses and fractionation schemes appropriate to generate clinical results comparable to conventional LDR schemes have yet to be standardized. In conclusion, HDR intracavitary radiotherapy is increasingly practiced in Korea and an effective treatment modality for cervical cancer. To determine the optimum radiotherapy dose and fractionation schedule, a nation-wide prospective study is necessary in Korea. In addition, standardization of HDR application (clinical, computer algorithms, and dosimetric aspects) is necessary.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2009

목 적: 방사선치료 관련 연구를 수행함에 있어서 선량 체적 히스토그램(dose volume histogram, DVH)을 분석하는 것이 필수적이나 상용 방사선치료계획시스템에서 수행할 수 없다. 본 연구는 이러한 선량 체적 히스토그램의 정보를 쉽게 분석할 수 있도록 소프트웨어를 제작하였다. 대상 및 방법: 방사선치료계획 시스템에서 치료계획 후에 환자의 DVH 데이터를 텍스트로 저장하여 이를 이용해서 DVH 상에서의 필요한 특정 값들(Vx, Dx)을 지정하여 획득할 수 있도록 하였고, Niemierko의 generalized equivalent uniform dose (EUD), Lyman-Kutcher-Burman 모델을 이용한 normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) 및 방사선치료의 2차 암유발 위험도 인자인 organ equivalent dose (OED)를 계산하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 결 과: 환자의 데이터를 가지고 실제 방사선치료계획 시스템 상에서의 Vx, Dx와 NTCP 비교를 통해 개발된 프로그램의 계산 알고리즘을 검증하였고 0.1% 내의 오차를 보였으며 EUD 및 OED도 성공적으로 계산되었다. 결 론: 선량 체적 히스토그램을 분석하는 프로그램을 개발하였으며 다양한 방사선치료 관련 연구에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2017

Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is composed of heterogeneous subgroups that require a multidisciplinary team approach in order to ensure optimal therapy for each patient. Since 2010, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network has recommended chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for bulky mediastinal disease and surgical combination for those patients with single-station N2 involvement who respond to neoadjuvant therapy. According to lung cancer tumor boards, thoracic surgeons make a decision on the resectability of the tumor, if it is determined to be unresectable, concurrent CRT (CCRT) is considered the next choice. However, the survival benefit of CCRT over sequential CRT or radiotherapy alone carries the risk of additional toxicity. Considering severe adverse events that may lead to death, fit patients who are able to tolerate CCRT must be identified by multidisciplinary tumor board. Decelerated approaches, such as sequential CRT or high-dose radiation alone may be a valuable alternative for patients who are not eligible for CCRT. As a new treatment strategy, investigators are interested in the application of the innovative radiation techniques, trimodality therapy combining surgery after high-dose definitive CCRT, and the combination of radiation with targeted or immunotherapy agents. The updated results and on-going studies are thoroughly reviewed in this article.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2010

목 적: 고 에너지 양성자치료에 있어서 Air gap (환자와 Beam 사출구 사이의 거리)의 변화는 Lateral Penumbra의 증가로 불필요한 조사야를 형성할 수 있고, 치료부위에서 최대선량 증가와 최소선량 감소로 선량분포의 균질성을 저하시킬 수 있다. 이에 Air gap 변화에 따른 선량분포에 대해 비교, 연구해 보고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 양성자치료를 받은 Lung, Liver 환자 6명을 선정하여 크기가 다른 조사야 A와 조사야 B에서 Air gap을 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 cm로 설정하여 Proton external beam planning system을 통해 치료계획을 세웠다. Air gap에 따른 Lateral Penumbra 영역 및 DVH (Dose Volume Histogram)를 비교하고 PCTV영역의 최대선량 및 최소선량 값을 비교하였다. 또한 PCTV내에 선량의 균질성을 알기 위하여 Homogeneity index값을 비교, 분석하였다. 결 과: 각각의 조사야에서 Air gap의 변화(2, 4, 6, 8, 10 cm)에 따른 Lateral Penumbra영역을 분석한 결과 조사야 A에서 Air gap 2~10 cm변화에 따라 평균 1.36~1.75 cm까지 약 28.7%가 지속적으로 증가하였고 조사야 B에서 평균 1.36~1.79 cm까지 약 31.6%가 지속적으로 증가하였다. DVH를 분석한 결과 최대선량의 상대선량 백분율은 Air gap 2~10 cm일 때 평균 108.1%에서 평균 110.3%까지 약 2.03%가 지속적으로 증가하였고 최소선량의 상대선량 백분율은 평균 93.9%에서 평균 90.8%까지 약 3.31%가 지속적으로 감소하였다. Homogeneity index값은 평균 Air gap 2~10 cm까지 1.09~2.6으로 2배 이상 증가하였다. 결 론: 양성자 치료에 있어서 Air gap이 증가함에 따라 Lateral Penumbra 영역이 증가함을 알 수 있었고, 치료부위에서 최대선량 값의 증가와 최소선량 값의 감소로 인하여 Homogeneity index값이 증가함으로써 PCTV내에 Beam의 균질성이 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이에 추후 양성자치료시 Air gap을 줄이기 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 레드리본
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• 통권28호
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• pp.24-26
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• 1999

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2005

Purpose : There are various oriental medicine therapy of treating Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) in clinics. We made the PID mice model by injection Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vagina, and investigate anti-inflammatory effects of Hongdeung-Tang among oral medication, retention enema therapy and herbal-acupuncture treatment. Method : The ICR(20-30g) mice(♀) were used. To examine the occurrence of inflammation, LPS in different concentration was injected into the vagina of the mice, and White Blood Cell(WBC) in blood was counted. To examine anti-inflammatory effects, 6 mice were assigned to each of the normal group, the control group and the sample group. Hongdeung-Tang was medicated in oral and rectal with 1.0g/kg low dose and 3.0g/kg high dose and by herbal acupucture for 5 days, 2 days before LPS injection. After 3days from LPS injection, blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus, and WBC, Interleukin-6(IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) in the blood was counted. Result : After LPS injection with each dose, WBC count showed significant increase depending on LPS concentration from $100{\mu}g/kg$, and it was maximized at 3 or 4 days after LPS injection. the Hongdeung-Tang treatment groups, The number of WBC was decreased significantly only in low dose and high dose oral medication, and IL-6 concentration showed significant decrease in oral and rectal medication as well as in herbal acupuncture treatment. TNF-${\alpha}$ concentration was decreased significantly in oral and rectal medication of low dose and high dose. herbal-acupuncture treatment group datas showed reductive tendency. Conclusion : Based on above results, we made the PID mice model by injection LPS in vagina, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect of Hongdeung-Tang of oral medication, retention enema therapy and herbal-acupuncture treatment.