• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2023

Purpose - Since COVID-19, the government's expansion of liquidity to stimulate the economy has resulted in an increase in private debt and an increase in asset prices of such as real estate and stocks. The recent sharp rise of the US Federal fund rate and tapering by the Fed have led to a fast rise in domestic interest rates, putting a heavy burden on the Korean economy, where the level of household debt is very high. Excessive household debt might have negative effects on the economy, such as shrinking consumption, economic recession, and deepening economic inequality. Therefore, now more than ever, it is necessary to identify the causes of the increase in household debt. Design/methodology/approach - Main methodology is regression analysis. Dependent variable is household loans from depository institutions. Independent variables are consumer price index, unemployment rate, household loan interest rate, housing sales price index, and composite stock price index. The sample periods are from 2017 to May 2022, comprising 72 months of data. The comparative analysis period before and after COVID-19 is from January 2017 to December 2019 for the pre-COVID-19 period, and from Jan 2020 to December 2022 for the post-COVID-19 period. Findings - Looking at the results of the regression analysis for the entire period, it was found that increases in the consumer price index, unemployment rate, and household loan interest rates decrease household loans, while increases in the housing sales price index increase household loans. Research implications or Originality - Household loans of depository institutions are mainly made up of high-credit and high-income borrowers with good repayment ability, so the risk of the financial system is low. As household loans are closely linked to the real estate market, the risk of household loan defaults may increase if real estate prices fall sharply.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제42권
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• pp.169-198
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• 2000

This paper attempts to analyze the early retirement in the OECD countries and discuss implication of that in the old age policy in Korea. The increase of the early retirement in the almost all OECD countries is a common fact. Especially the rate of early retirement rapidly increased in the 1980s, mostly reflecting the high rate of unemployment and states' policies to reduce it. However, it varies across countries: the unemployment compensation pathway in France, the mixture of social assistance and private insurance in England, VUT in Netherland, the privatization of the early retirement in the U. S., and partial retirement and labor market policy in Sweden. The early retirement in the advanced countries contributes to de-institutionalization and de-standardization in life course model. It resulted in the erosion of the ordinary conception that the retirement was the beginning of the old age. And the last phase of life course became blurred. With respect to the problem of the early retirement, there is a big difference between Korea and the OECD countries. Above all, the retirement age is 55 years in many companies and the public pension is not universalized in Korea. Accordingly the policy for income security of the old age in Korea should be connected with social security policy such as the gradual extension of the retirement age and the expansion of the public pension and labor market policy such as job training for the old age, transformation of the seniority wage system etc.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.199-221
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• 2007

본 연구는 소득불평등 실태 및 원인을 분석해 본 후, 소득불평등 완화에 도움이 될 수 있는 대안을 탐색해 보았다. 소득불평등 실태 및 원인 분석을 요약해 보면, 첫째 외환위기로 급등한 소득불평등도는 1999-2004년 동안 증감을 반복하였으며 2005년 현재 외환위기 직후와 같이 높은 수준이고, 둘째 소득불평등도 원인에 대한 장기분석(1985-2004년) 결과, 실업률, 비정규직비율, 지가상승률이 높을수록 소득불평등도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 셋째 외환위기 전후(1995-2004)의 소득불평등도 원인분석 결과 실업률, 비정규직비율, 대 소기업임금비율이 높을수록 소득불평등도가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 넷째 장기자료(1985-2004)에서 유의미한 영향을 미쳤던 지가상승률이 외환위기 전후자료(1995-2004)에서는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았고, 장기자료에서 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않았던 대 소기업임금비율은 외환위기 전후 자료에서는 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 소득불평등 완화를 위한 정책과제로, 첫째 실업률을 낮출 수 있는 대안이 마련되어야 하며, 둘째 비자발적 비정규직 비율을 완화시킬 수 있는 정책이 수립되어야 하고, 셋째 부동산 가격을 안정 또는 인하할 수 있는 방안이 강구되어야 하며, 넷째 대기업과 중소기업의 임금격차를 줄일 수 있는 중소기업 종합지원대책이 추진되어야 한다.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 1986

The study attempts to estimate and evaluate the rates of return on graduate degree holders who major in science and engineering. The model of this study adopts the rate of return method considering unemployment as well as mortality rate. The data are collected by questionnaires and interviews. The results show that the social rate of return(SROR) of bachelors is lower than the rate of return on investment in physical capital which is assumed as a decision criterion of public investment in Korea, but the SROR of Ph.D. holders is balanced. The results also show that the private rates of return (PROR) of all the levels in postgraduate science and engineering education are higher than the private discount rate which is a decision criterion of private investment in Korea. It also indicates that the PROR on investment in graduate education is not likely higher than the SROR because an individual bears high share of the educational costs.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2021

The necessity of this study is as follows. A decrease in the number of newborns, an increase in the youth unemployment rate, and a decrease in the employment rate are having a fatal impact on universities. To help increase the employment rate of universities, we intend to utilize Big Data of university public information. Big data refers to the process of collecting and analyzing data, and includes all business processes of finding data, reprocessing information in an easy-to-understand manner, and selling information to people and institutions. Big data technology can be divided into technologies for storing, refining, analyzing, and predicting big data. The purpose of this study is to find the vision and special department of a university with a high employment rate by using big data technology. As a result of the study, big data was collected from 227 universities on www.academyinfo.go.kr site, We selected 130 meaningful universities and selected 25 universities with high employment rates and 25 universities with low employment rates. In conclusion, the university with a high employment rate can first be said to have a student-centered vision and university specialization. The reason is that, for universities with a high employment rate, the vision was to foster talents and specialize, whereas for universities with a low employment rate, regional bases took precedence. Second, universities with a high employment rate have a high interest in specialized departments. This is because, as a result of checking the presence or absence of a characterization plan, universities with a high employment rate were twice as high (21/7). Third, universities with high employment rates promote social needs and characterization. This is because the characteristic departments of universities with high employment rates are in the order of future technology and nursing and health, while universities with low employment rates promoted school-centered specialization in future technology and culture, tourism and art. In summary, universities with high employment rates showed high interest in student-centered vision and development of special departments for social needs.

• 한국인구학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.32-49
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• 1988

The social conditions in Koreas until 1950s were similar to the model phenomena of low level eqilibrium trap which was named by Prof. Nelson, with the continuation of high population growth rate and low economic growth rate. To escape from the trap, Korean government adopted two different policies, one is economic development plans and the other is family planning programs. Theses policies were successful in both increasing the national products and decreasing the population growth rate. In 1985 per capita GNP increased to over two thousand dollars, fertility rate reduced to replacement level(2.1) and unemployment rate was stabilized at 4 percent level. From various prospects, we were successfully escaped from the Malthusian trap and many economists, who studied developed countries, belive that population growth has positive effects on technological progress, economies of scale, specialization, individual attitude on work, and economic growth. Therefore we need to reexamine the anti-natalistic population policy of Korea in this situation.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.396-409
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 거품경제의 붕괴 이후 일본 노동시장의 변화를 개관하고, 점차 늘어나는 청년실업대책으로써 2004년 중앙정부와 지방자치단체가 공동으로 실시한 $\ulcorner$Job-cafe사업$\lrcorner$을 분석하였다. 그리고 지역정책으로서의 노동정책은 앞으로 어떻게 수립되고 실시되어야 하는가를 논의하였다. 일본에서는 거품경제의 붕괴 이후 청년 실업률이 상승하여 $\ulcorner$신졸무업(新卒無業)$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$NEET$\lrcorner$가 급격하게 증가하였다. 그 결과 졸업 후에 원활하게 취직할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 $\ulcorner$Job-cafe사업$\lrcorner$을 실시하게 되었다. $\ulcorner$Job-cafe사업$\lrcorner$은 후생성의 구직정보 서비스, 경제산업성의 취직인턴정보 서비스, 문부과학성의 취업알선 서비스를 통합하여, 지방자치단체가 주도적으로 추진하는 사업이다. 정부의 각 부처별로 실시하던 사업을 지방자치단체가 통합하여, 이러한 서비스를 한 자리에서 젊은이들에게 제공하는, 소위$\ulcorner$One Stop Service$\lrcorner$이다. $\ulcorner$One Stop Service$\lrcorner$에 대해서는 편리성에 있어서는 좋은 평가를 받고 있으나 그 이용자 수와 소개 건수 등 지나치게 실적을 중시하고 있다는 비판도 동시에 받고 있다. 마지막으로 $\ulcorner$지역노동시장$\lrcorner$의 개념, 혹은 고용정책을 실시함에 있어서 의미 있는 공간단위와 보다 구체적인 구직에 관한 연구의 필요성에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2018

Economic crisis in 2008 has changed South Korean market including furniture related field. Owing to Subprime Mortgage Crisis, new economic order, in other words, New Normal was established. Low growth rate, low interest, high unemployment rate, high risks, regulation strengthening, and all that sort of negative things have became generalized. South Korean economy has developed drastically since the Korean War, however recent economic crisis and Internet and smart phone have leading roles in shaping new consumption market. In a way, furniture market has expanded despite economic recession. Total service for housing is suited to South Korean consumers and shortened Product Life Cycle induces consumers to buy more furniture. In addition, Internet and smart phone allow people to show off their private spaces to unspecified masses. As a result, consumer prefers inexpensive and expendable furniture. It is certain that furniture market makes quantitative growth, but qualitative sides are questionable. Even though the study is focused on the existent circumstances, It will help to find out the proper ways of future furniture market in South Korea.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-74
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• 2002

경제위기 직후 실업률의 급상승과 함께 경기변동에 민감한 청년층의 실업률은 15~20%까지 상승하였다. 경기회복에도 불구하고 신규학졸자의 첫 일자리 취업에는 상당한 애로가 존재하고 청년층의 유휴화율은 여전히 심각한 수준이다. 청년층 유휴화의 부정적 효과에도 불구하고 청년층의 학교교육-노동시장 이행과정에 관한 연구는 일천하다. 본 연구는 "한국노동패널" 3차년도(2000년)에 실시한 "청년층 부가조사" 자료를 이용하여 15~29세 청년층이 최종 학교를 마치고 첫 일자리를 취득하는 데 소요되는 미취업 경과기간을 분석한다. 미취업상태가 경과할수록 탈출확률이 낮아지는 부(-)의 경과 기간 의존성이 나타나며, 예상과는 달리, 여성의 탈출확률이 남성보다 높게 나타난다. 학력수준의 탈출확률에 대한 효과는 경제위기 이전에는 유의하지 않게 나타나나 경제위기 이후에는 뚜렷한 것으로 나타난다. 경제위기 이전 졸업자 표본은 높은 실업률이 탈출확률을 낮추는 반면 경제위기 이후 졸업자 표본은 정반대의 결과를 보여준다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제69권
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• pp.721-740
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• 2016

Recently Korea has stepped into a stage of sluggish development, and the unemployment of young people has become a major issue. Especially in 1998 IMF economic shock was influential in formulating government policy and social economic structure on employment. Restructuring now becomes everyday words and further restructuring is already under way. Owing to the growing economic crisis and resultant unemployment and initial appointment shall be considered conditional. Young job seekers are grappling with mastering their native language and unnecessary experiences. These unnecessary experiences are needless waste of time and money. Educational system in university may be affected by environmental changes in population of students and business crisis. Sometimes the departments made a very low rate of employment may be abolished or merged in university. The government will demand us in the work of reform by doing NCS. The government is now ask to teach, train and employ students on the basis of NCS especially in high-school, job training center, and college and university. NCS has advantages and disadvantages. NCS may reduce waste of time and money to make unnecessary experiences, provide standard course to prepare educational system. It will be a big help to adapt properly and make better employment system. The most negative element of the program is application to humanities and social sciences by the same standard with technology and engineering department in the university. Standardization of each educational course will not react quickly to rapidly changing situations in the future.