• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.375-385
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• 2001

Objectives : This study was carried out to research the protective effects of Sagunja-Tang(SA) through in vivo experiments, and tried to investigate the relation between oxidation of liver tissues and deficiency of Qi. Methods : Acute liver injury which initiated from free radical induced by $CCl_4$, were applied to mice and metabolic data were obtained. In order to measure the degree of liver injury, serum level of alanine aminotransferase(AST), aspartate aminotransferase(ALT), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), total protein(TP) and glucose were measured. Lipid peroxidation of liver slice was examined by measuring malondialdehyde(MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. Results : SA had protective effects on $CCl_4$ induced acute liver injury by decreasing serum level of ALT. Kidney injury was induced by injection of $CCl_4$ too, and SA protected kidney injury by decreasing serum level of creatinine and BUN. Conclusions : Through this study, we found that SA have healing effects on liver and kidney injury of $CCl_4$ induced oxidative stress that is similar to deficiency of Qi. And further studies have to be followed to certify the mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 2010

The application of PCR analysis on the herbal medicine Moutan Cortex (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) was evaluated by the comparison of the genetic relationship based on the DNA sequence with Paeoniae Radix (Paeonia lactiflora Pallas) following development of specific primers. Moutan Cortex and Paeoniae Radix were distinguished through the PCR analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-PCR) from nuclear ribosomal DNA region. The 294 bp PCR products both of Moutan Cortex and Paeoniae Radix was amplified by MIF1 and MIR1. And a Moutan Cortex specific 225 bp PCR amplification product was amplified by MIF2 and MIR1 primers. The 225 bp sequence could be successfully amplified from Mortan Cortex of dried herbal preparations. PCR analysis based on ITS (ITS-PCR) may be an efficient tool for the discrimination of Moutan Cortex.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1 s.69
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• pp.42-50
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• 2007

Objectives . This study was to assess the Korean Traditional Medicine forecast subjects that had been expected to be accomplished by 2005. The result will help the Korean medical society plan far policies and studies on Korean Traditional Medicine. Methods : Assessed targets were 64 subjects (expected to be studied until 2005) of the total 93 subjects from the 'Mid- to Long-Term Forecast and Plan Study for Korean Traditional Medicine'. The subjects were classified into two types : political subjects and research and development (R&D) subjects. These were determined by the quantity and contents of related political reports, political research projects, thesis, patent, placing products on sale, etc. Results :1) 5 items of a total 12 political subjects were accomplished or partially accomplished (41.7%), and 9 items of a total 46 R&D subjects were accomplished or partially accomplished (9.5%). 2) While the accomplishment percentage (accomplished or partial accomplished) in literature arrangement and D/B construction field was 100%, it was under 10% in product or system development field. Thus, it seems that practical subjects were less accomplished than academic subjects. 3) On 8 subjects of 'Forecast Research on Future of Oriental Medicine' which had been performed in Japan, the Korean expected dates when the subjects would be realized were earlier than the Japanese ones, but no subjects were realized. Conclusion · Political and academic subjects weir accomplished more than R&D and practical subjects.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1981

Glycyrrhizin (GA) content in licorice was determined by a couple of methods using HPLC, respectively. In Method(I), GA content itself was determined from the licorice aqueous extract, while in Method (II) glycyrrhetinic acid (GHeA ; the aglicone of GA) content corresponding to the quantity of GA was measured from the chloroform extract of the hydrolyzed product of licorice aqueous extract. A reverse phase column Hibar Lichrosorb RP-18 (E. Merck) was used as the stationary phase. As the mobile phase MeOH: $H_{2}O$(0.05M-$NaH_{2}PO_{4}$)=58 : 42 solution in Method (I), and MeOH: $H_{2}O $: AcOH=78; 19: 3 solution in Method (II) were suitable, respectively. The value obtained by Method (II) appeared slightly higher than that by Method (I). The effect of some other herbal drugs on the assay of GA quantity in mixed sample was also observed in both above two methods. By Method (I) Cassiae Cortex, Rehmaniae Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, and Angelicae Radix gave the subtractive effect on the amount of GA compared with the value from licorice alone. In the case of Method (II) Cassiae Cortex and Rehmaniae Rhizoma appeared to have subtractive effect but Paeoniae Radix and Angelicae Radix scarcely showed any influence. Pachymae Fungus did not affect the GA content at all. It seems that glycyrrhizin in licorice interacts with certain components of other herbal drugs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2004

As an attempt to develop new functional health beverage by using medicinal herb, green ginger(Zingiber officinale Roscoe), we investigated the effect of Zingiber officinale on blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of rats with Zingiber officinale extracts. Zingiber officinale extract increase rCBF significantly. The drink produced consisted of Zingiber officinale extract 1.825%, maltitol syrup 17.0%, citric aicd 0.06%, ascorbic acid 0.02%, stevioside 0.001%, ginger flavor 0.11% and water. Brix, pH and acidity of product were 13.7, 4.4 and 0.09, respectively. This drink had good score by the sensory evaluation. The above results showed that development of such functional beverage using Zingiber officinale can used as a functional material improving blood circulation in beverage industry.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2010

The Chongmyung-tang (CMT) has been used as an oriental herbal medicine for the purpose of enhanced learning and memory. Recently, since fermentation may give a positive effect on pharmacological actions of herbal medicine, many studies are focused to find fermented medicinal herbs with improved bioactivity. In the present study, memory enhancing, antioxidant and reducing power activity of CMT and fermented CMT with Aspergillus oryzae (FCMT-A) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (FCMT-S) were determined. To evaluate the memory enhancing activities of CMT, FCMT-A and FCMT-S, we performed passive avoidance test using scopolamine induced amnesia model. Administration of CMT, FCMT-A and FCMT-S showed a significant memory enhancing effect about 72.5, 78.3, 71.8% of the normal group respectively. CMT, FCMT-A and FCMT-S also exhibited strong $DPPH{\bullet}$, ${\bullet}{O_2}^-$, $NO^{\codt}$, $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ scavenging activities and reducing ower. It was also found that fermented CMT has slightly higher scavenging activities on $DPPH{\bullet}$, $ABTS^{{\cdot}+}$ radicals compared to CMT. These results revealed that CMT, FCMT-A and FCMT-S had memory enhancing and radical scavenging activities. In addition, the fermentation of CMT was more or less important for elevated memory enhancing and antioxidant activities of CMT.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2010

In order to develop a new skin whitening agent, approximately 100 plant extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against melanin biosynthesis in cultured mouse melanocyte melan-a cells. As a result, seven extracts exhibited over 50% inhibition of melanin synthesis compared to control at a concentration of $20\;{\mu}g/ml$. In particular, Aster ageratoides Turcz. var. ageratoides (branch, root, aerial, flower; $IC_{50}$ = 17.3, 6.1, 13.6, $12.9\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively) and Physalis alkekengi var. francheti (leaf, unripen fructus, aerial; $IC_{50}$ = 6.5, 28.3, $23.9\;{\mu}g/ml$) markedly inhibited melanin synthesis. In addition, tyrosinase activity was monitored by the measurement of dopachrome formation from the oxidation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Extracts of A. ageratoides Turcz. var. ageratoides (flower) and P. alkekengi var. francheti (leaf) showed the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. These plants might be the potential candidate sources in the development of novel skin-whitening products.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.82-89
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• 2020

A systematic isolation and characterization study for Cassia auriculata (CA) seeds resulted in identifying antidiabetic compounds 1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone and quercetin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and ellagic acid. The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography based triple quadrupole mass spectrometry methodology was developed and validated for simultaneous identification and confirmation of these compounds from CA seeds. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) based quantification method was developed with MRM optimizer software for MS1 and MS2 mass analysis. The method was optimized on precursor ions and product ions with the ion ratio of each compound. The calibration curves of seven bioactive analytes showed excellent linearity (r2 ≥ 0.99). The quantitation results found precise (RSD, < 10 %) with good recoveries (84.58 to 101.42%). The matrix effect and extraction recoveries were found within the range (91.66 to 102.11%) for the CA seeds. This is the first MS/MS-based methodology applied to quantifying seven antidiabetic compounds in CA seeds and its extract for quality control purposes.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.181-186
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• 2022

A germacrane-type sesquiterpenoid was isolated and purified from a methanol extract of the roots of Valeriana fauriei (RVF) through open column chromatography using silica gel. This compound was verified to be heishuixiecaoline A by spectroscopic analysis. This compound was isolated for the first time from RVF. Quantitative analysis of heishuixiecaoline A from RVF cultivated from three different regions (Eumseong, Jinbu, and Jinan regions) was performed by combining high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector. The extract of RVF cultivated in the Jinbu region showed the highest content (9.23 mg/g). In addition, a significant amount of the compound was detected in all RVF samples, which could be expected since it is a characteristic compound of RVF. The sesquiterpenoid group heishuixiecaoline A was isolated from RVF, a resource for various pharmacological substances, and quantitative analysis of RVF cultivated from three different regions was performed. As a result of these experiments, basic data on RVF that can be used in the development and application of pharmaceuticals and health functional foods in the future were obtained.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

Objective : To investigate the current status of prescription drugs in Oriental medical institutes and to draw up a future plan for the revitalization of Oriental medical health insurance, this survey has been performed. Method : The survey has been made with 321 doctors working at Oriental medical institutes in Daegu and Kyungbuk areas for a period of 3 month from June 1, 2010 until September 1, 2010. Result : 1. When it comes to the current status of the use of herbal drugs in Oriental Health insurance, most of doctors surveyed prescribe insurance drugs, and they prescribe insurance drugs to patients, who are less than 20% of total patients visiting their clinics. 2. The awareness of Herbal Health Care Drugs is investigated. When it comes to the understanding of the difference between insurance drugs(powder type drugs) and granular type drugs, doctors admit that they differ only in one aspect, whether or not their being covered by health insurance. Based on the survey results on the understanding of insurance coverage of granular type drugs, doctors, even though they long for granular type drugs to be accepted as insurance drugs, are worrying whether the number of outpatients might dwindle due to increased insurance co-payments. They also point out that the biggest obstacles in the expansion of the granular type drugs as insurance drugs are the lack of understanding of the government and the objection of the Health Insurance Review and Assesment service (HIRA) for fear of increased insurance claims. 3. Upon investigation on Oriental medicine doctors' understandings of herbal pharmaceutical industry, it is found that doctors' responses on pharmaceutical industry are not all positive ones('new product development and neglect of R&D infrastructure' and 'smallness of industry'). When it is investigated what area needs the greatest improvement in herbal pharmaceutical industry, 'securing sufficient capital, good manufacturing, and strengthening quality control', is the highest. 4. When it is asked what are the most needed in order to improve herbal health insurance medicine, responses such as 'the increase in the accessibility to and the utilization of Oriental medical clinics through the diversification of the means of prescriptions', 'the improvement of insurance benefits(cap adjustments)', 'increase the proportion of high quality medicinal plants', 'the ceiling of co-payments(deductible) at 20,000 won or more', 'expansion of the choices of formulations', 'formulational expansions of tablets and pills', and finally 'admittance and expansion of granular type drug as insurance drug' are the highest. 5. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the current status of the usage of Oriental health care herbal drugs, the followings are observed. First, the frequency of use of health insurance drugs by the doctors who use health insurance with general characteristics shows similar differences in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.001), average number of daily patients (p<0.05). Secondly, as to the willingness of the expanded usage of insurance drugs, similar differences are observed in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.05). 6. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the perception of Herbal health care drugs, the followings are observed. First, inspecting general characteristics and insurance claims due to increased co-payments(deductible amount) reveals similar differences in case of working period (p<0.01) and in case of total monthly sales amount (p <0.01). Secondly, inspecting general characteristics and the obstacles that hinder granular type drugs from being accepted as health care insurance drugs shows similar differences in case of working period (p<0.05). 7. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the understanding of Oriental Herbal pharmaceutical companies, the followings are observed. First, opinions on the general characteristics of pharmaceutical companies, when examined with variance analysis, shows similar differences in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.05). Secondly, when opinions are examined on general characteristics and the problems of herbal pharmaceutical companies, similar differences are found in case of working period (p<0.01) and in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.001). Lastly, opinions on the general characteristics and reforms of pharmaceutical companies, similar differences are observed in case of working period (p<0.001). 8. Upon investigating the general characteristics of the improvement of insurance Herbal drugs, the followings are observed. First, regarding general characteristics and insurance benefits, similar differences are observed in case of working period (p<0.05), in case of total monthly sales amount (p<0.05), and in case of average number of daily patients (p<0.01). Secondly, opinions on the general characteristics and the needs for the improvement of Herbal insurance drugs are examined in 5 different aspects, which are the approval of granular type drugs as insurance drugs, the expanded practices of the number of prescription insurance drugs, the needs of a variety of formulations, the needs of TFT of which numbers of Oriental medical doctors are members for the revision of the existing system, and the needs of adjusting the current ceiling of the fixed amount and the fixed rate. When processed by the analysis of variance, the results show similar differences in case of average number of daily patients (p<0.01). Conclusion : From the results of this study the first measures to take are, to reform overall insurance benefit system, including insurance co-payment system(fixed rate cap adjustment), to expand the number of the herbal drugs to be prescribed matching with insurance benefit accordingly, and to revitalize herbal medicine insurance system through the change of various formulations. In addition, it is recommended to improve the effectiveness of herbal medicine by making plans to enhance the efficacy of herbal medicine and by enabling small pharmaceutical companies to outgrow themselves.