• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2019

The objective of present study is to evaluate concentration-dependent in vitro anti-osteoarthritic (OA) effects of synergic mixed formula consisted of dried pomegranate juice concentrate powder, Eucommiae Cortex aqueous extract and Achyranthis Radix aqueous extract 5:4:1 (g/g) mixture on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. First, any cytotoxic effect of mixture was observed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide) assay. Next, cyto-protective effect of test substances was evaluated by using the recombinant human interleukin $(rhIL)-1{\alpha}$ induced chondrocytes. In addition, anti-inflammatory effects were also observed on the lipopolysaccaride (LPS) treated chondrocytes through prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$ productions and 5-lipoxygenase (LPO) activities, and inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities were observed on $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ treated chondrocytes with their extracellular matrix (ECM) related mRNA expressions. No obvious cytotoxic effects of mixture were demonstrated. Inflammatory damages of chondrocytes and related ECM degradations induced by treatment of LPS or $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ were significantly and concentration-dependently inhibited by pretreatment of mixture from a concentration level of 0.001 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml. In addition, mixture showed $IC_{50}$ for $rhIL-1{\alpha}-induced$ MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities as 44.01 and $162.47{\mu}g/ml$, and also showed $EC_{50}$ for $rhIL-1{\alpha}-induced$ inhibition of collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan mRNA expression as 8.61, 10.79 and $4.47{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. It is observed that mixture showed concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective ECM preserved effects on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes without cytotoxicity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.523-531
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 한방복합추출물(마황, 창출, 석고, 카카오닙스)을 제조하여, 추출물에 대한 항산화 활성 및 지방세포형성억제 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 한방복합물의 항산화 활성을 확인하기 위하여 DPPH, ABTS⁺ radical 소거능 및 xanthine oxidase 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 추출물 1,000 ㎍/ml 농도에서 각각 75.0, 100.8 및 79.5%로 높은 소거능을 나타내었다. 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 한방복합물에 의한 지방형성 및 지방세포 분화 억제를 조사한 결과 0~50 ㎍/ml 농도에서 3T3-L1 세포 생존율에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 25, 50 및 75 ㎍/ml의 한방복합물 처리는 농도 의존적으로 지질 축적을 억제하였다. Western blot 실험 결과 한방복합물은 MDI 유도 분화 3T3-L1 세포에서 분화 전사인자인 PPARγ, C/EBPα 을 75 ㎍/ml 농도에서 각 44.2, 76.6% 억제함을 나타내었다. 또한, 지방산 합성 조절 인자인 FAS의 발현도 억제하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 항비만 기능성 소재로서 한방복합추출물의 활용 가능성을 제시해 줄 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2010

결명자(Cassia obtusifolia) 및 포공영(Taraxacum platycarpum), 유근피(Ulmus macrocarpa)로 제조된 생약재 추출혼합물이 in vitro와 in vivo상에서 아토피 피부염에 미치는 영향을 실험하였다. HMC-1 cell을 이용하여 비만세포의 $\beta$-hexosaminidase 방출량을 측정한 결과, 단일 추출물보다 추출복합물이 탈과립을 억제하는 효과가 우수한 것으로 측정되었다. 그리고 HMC-1 cell에서 PMA와 A23187로 자극하였을 때 생성되는 염증성 cytokine의 분비에서도 추출혼합물의 저해 효과가 가장 높게 나타났다. 아토피 질환모델인 NC/Nga 마우스를 사용하여 생약재 추출혼합물의 아토피 저감효과를 측정한 결과, 진드기 추출물에 의해 발진된 마우스의 귀두께 및 조직학적인 부종 관찰을 통해 생약재 추출혼합물 농도가 증가함에 따라 대조군에 비해 귀 두께 및 부종의 감소가 관찰되었다. 또한 마우스의 혈중 IgE 농도와 이와 관련된 cytokine의 농도를 측정한 결과, 생약재 추출혼합물 투여농도가 증가함에 따라 IgE의 농도가 유의적으로 감소하였고, IgE의 과발현을 유도하는 IL-4의 분비 억제 및 IFN-$\gamma$의 분비가 증가되는 것으로 나타나 생약재 혼합추출물의 섭취가 아토피 피부염 증세 완화 효과에 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2013

Objectives : Galgunhaejutang extract (GHT) is a Traditional Korean medical herbal mixture that has been tradtionally used to treat alcohol consumption. This study was preformed to evaluate the effects of GHT on alcohol consumption in C57BL/6 mice. Methods : Sixty three C57BL/6 mice were alcohol dependence-induced by limited access paradigm. Water, GHT 0.688 g/kg (GHT-L), or GHT 3.45 g/kg (GHT-H) were administrated for 10 days. The amounts of alcohol consumption for 2 hours, water consumption for 22 hours, food intake for 24 hours and body weight were measured. Results : There weren't significant differences in 2 hours of alcohol consumption, 22 hours of water consumption, 24 hours of food intake and body weight for ten days between vehicle group and GHT-L or GHT-H group. Conclusions : Further studies employing multi-dose and long term administration of GHT (more than 10 days) might be of benefit.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the synergistic protective effects of medicinal herbal mixture (HME) including Mori Ramulus (MR), Acanthopanacis Cortex (AC), Eucommiae Cortex (EC), and Black soybean (BS) in C2C12 cells, mouse myoblasts. Methods : Effects of HME on cell viability of C2C12 myoblasts were monitored by MTT assay. Anti-atrophic activity of HME was determined in myoblasts and myotubes under oxidative stress by H₂O₂. C2C12 myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes in a medium containing 2% horse serum for 6 days. After that, we measured that expression of MyoD and myogenine, the myogenic regulatory factors, to identify the mechanism of inhibiting muscle atophy after HME treatment. In addition, suppression of phosphorylation of Akt, FoxO3a and MARF-1, transcription factors of degradation proteins were analyzed via western blotting. Results : As a result of MTT, HME there was no show cytotoxicity up to a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The cytoprotective effects on oxidative stressed myoblast and myotube was better in HME extract than those of MR, AC, EU, and BS, respectively. HME treatment in Myotube induced by oxidative stress after H₂O₂ treatment increased Myo D, Myogenine activation, and Akt, FoxO3a phosphorylation and decreased expression of MuRF-1. As the results, HME has synergistic effects on protection against proteolysis of C2C12 myotubes through activation of the Akt signaling pathway under oxidative stress. Conclusions : These results suggest that HME may also be useful as a preventing and treating material for skeletal muscle atrophy caused by age-related diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2019

In recent times, the number of men with late-onset hypogonadism has increased, and interest on this topic has also increased. This study was conducted to investigate effects of the mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus on improve late-onset hypogonadism. The experimental subjects consisted of three groups: a control group consisting of 8-week-old male ICR mice that had undergone no treatment, an aging-elicited group (AE group) consisting of 50-week-old ICR male mice that had undergone no treatment, and a Mixed herbal extract treatment group (MT group) consisting of 50-week-old ICR male mice that had undergone the mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus treatment (0.1 g/kg/day) for 6 months. After the experiment, the mice from all the experimental groups were dissected, and they were analyzed through histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. The mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus reduces aging-induced cell damage and oxidative stress and increases the secretion of serotonin and B-endorphin in aged mice, and promotes spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules and reduces apoptosis and oxidative stress, and increases androgen receptor, $17{\beta}-HSD$ and GnRH, increases the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen fibers in the corpus cavernosum, increases eNOS, decreases PDE-5 and oxidative stress in aged mice, so it improves depression, reproductive, sexual problems caused by Late-onset hypogonadism. the mixture extract of Fructus amomi Amari, Eucommiae cortex, Bombyx batryticatus inhibits the induction of osteoporosis by increasing decreased bone matrix distribution due to aging, increasing the activities of OPC and OPN, which are produced in osteoblasts, and decreasing RANKL, MMP-3 activity, increasing OPG activity. It also reduces muscle damage, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis of muscle tissue, and increases Myo-D in the sartorius muscle of aged mice for improving muscle atrophy caused by by Late-onset hypogonadism.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.387-391
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• 2007

Recently, much attention has been paid to developing various kinds of fermented herbal extracts, a new type of traditional herbal medicine, in the field of Korean traditional medicine. The fermentation of medicinal herbs is intended to exert a favorable influence on digestability, bioavailavility and pharmacological activity of herbal extract in the gastrointestinal tract. It also produces a number of fermentation products that intensify the nutritional and pharmacological aspects of the medicinal herbs. In order to develop a functional beverage of alleviating the aftereffects of the previous drinks, the extracts (HP-1) of fermented herbal mixture, including Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Lonicera japonica Thunberg, and Hovenia dulcis Thunb., were prepared and the medicinal effect as a hangover cure was evaluated in ethanol-loaded rats. The enzyme activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) were analyzed by measuring the concentration of blood ethanol and acetaldehyde. The mRNA expression of ADH and ALDH2 was also investigated through RT-PCR analysis. In the HP-1-treated group, the concentration of blood ethanol was significantly reduced at one hour after loading of ethanol, as compared to that in the saline-treated group. The reduced ethanol was converted to acetaldehyde, which resulted in rapid increase in acetaldehyde concentration in an hour. Acetaldehyde was started to decrease at 5 hours after ethanol loading. It implies that HP-1 is highly effective to stimulate the activities of ADH and ALDH2. The HP-1 treatment also activated the mRNA expression of ADH and ALDH. This study suggests that fermented herbal extract, HP-1 can be used as a functional beverage of alleviating the alcohol-induced hangover symptoms by stimulating the activities and gene expression of hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzymes.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2009

민간요법 중에서 비만 치료에 사용되는 4종의 식물인 지유, 옥발, 적하수오 및 삼백초를 동량으로 혼합하여 10배의 물을 사용하여 가열추출 후 감압농축 하여 HEM을 조제하였고, 이렇게 조제된 HEM을 사용하여 $0{\sim}100{\mu}g$/mL 농도로 3T3-L1의 지방축적 억제율을 측정한 결과 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 동일 농도에서 세포독성은 없었다. 또한 지방 축적에 관여하는 효소인 GPDH의 활성을 억제함으로써 세포내 지방이 축적되는 것을 억제하였다. 5주간의 동물실험 결과 대조군과 비교하여 HEM1과 HEM2군 모두 체중 변화와 식이효율이 줄어드는 것으로 나타났으며, 혈액 분석에서 HEM군은 혈중 중성지방과 총콜레스테롤에 효과를 보이지 않았다. 해부학적인 측면에서 부고환 및 신장 주위의 지방무게와 간 무게 또한 낮았다. 이러한 결과를 통해, 본 실험에서 사용한 생약복합물은 항비만 소재로써 체지방 축적억제에 효과성이 있음을 확인하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.97-108
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• 2018

The present study aimed to investigate the comparative evaluation of pharmacological efficacy between sulfasalazine alone and combination with herbal medicine on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Balb/c mice received 5% DSS in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. Animals were divided into five groups (n = 9): group I-normal group, group II-DSS control group, group III-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg), group IV-DSS + sulfasalazine (60 mg/kg), group V-DSS + sulfasalazine (30 mg/kg) + Radish Extract mixture (30 mg /kg) (SRE). DSS-treated mice developed symptoms similar to those of human UC, such as severe bloody diarrhea and weight loss. SRE supplementation, as well as sulfasalazine, suppressed colonic length and mucosal inflammatory infiltration. In addition, SRE treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory signaling moleculesthrough suppression both mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) signaling pathways, and prevented the apoptosis of colon. Moreover, SRE administration significantly led to the up-regulation of anti-oxidant enzyme including SOD and Catalase. This is the first report that Radish extract mixture combined with sulfasalazine protects against experimental UC via the inhibition of both inflammation and apoptosis, very similar to the standard-of-care sulfasalazine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2011

Objectives: Palmul-tang (hachimotsu-to in Japanese and bawu-tang in Chinese) is a mixture of eight herbs. It is traditionally used for the treatment of anemia, anorexia, general weakness, and female infertility in China, Japan, and Korea. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Palmul-tang water extract (PTE) against ethanol-induced acute gastric injury in rats. Material and Methods: Acute gastric lesions were induced by intragastric administration of 5mL/kg body weight of absolute ethanol to each rat. Control group rats were given PBS orally and the ethanol group (EtOH group) received absolute ethanol (5mL/kg) by oral gavage. The positive control group and the PTE group were given oral doses of omeprazole (50mg/kg) or PTE (400mg/kg), respectively, 2 h prior to the administration of absolute ethanol. The stomach of each animal was excised and examined for gastric mucosal lesions. To confirm the protective effects of PTE, we evaluated the degree of lipid peroxidation, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the stomach. Results: PTE reduced ethanol-induced hemorrhage and hyperemia in the gastric mucosa. PTE reduced the increase in lipid peroxidation associated with ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions and increased mucosal GSH content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Conclusion: These results indicate that PTE protects gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced acute gastric injury by increasing antioxidant status. We suggest that PTE could be developed as an effective drug for the treatment of acute gastric injury.