• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2004

A total of 1,200 eggs obtained from 312-day-old Hy-line Brown laying breeder hens and 319-day-old Hy-line Brown commercial laying hens (600 eggs obtained from each one) at same day were used to investigate the effects of egg storage, storage temperature, and insemination of hens on the change of albumen height, Haugh unit(HU), albumen pH, shell strength, and yolk color. Eggs were stored up to 14 days after lay at $3^{\circ}C$ or $10^{\circ}C$ and sampled one day after stored and then 24 hours interval. Longer periods of storage resulted in lower albumen height and HU at both storage temperatures, but in higher albumen pH. The eggs stored at $3^{\circ}C$ were significantly (P<0.05) higher in HU and lower in albumen pH than the ones stored at $10^{\circ}C$. The eggs obtained from the non-inseminated-hens were significantly (P<0.05) higher in albumen height, HU, and albumen pH than the eggs obtained from the inseminated-hens. Whereas, the eggs obtained from the non-inseminated-hens in the mean albumen pH of eggs stored at $3^{\circ}C$ were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the ones obtained from the inseminated-hens, but the mean albumen pH of eggs stored at 10^{\circ}C did not differ each other. The mean shell strength of the eggs obtained from the inseminated-hens was significantly (P<0.05) stronger than that of the eggs obtained from the non-inseminated-hens at both storage temperatures. Albumen height and albumen pH were negatively correlated $(P<0.01\~0.001)$ in both inseminated and non-inseminated-hen's egg groups. The degree of yolk colors was not significantly changed overall of the experimental periods in both storage temperatures. The study suggests that the change of egg freshness such as albumen height and HU is relatively more associated with storage period and storage temperature than insemination or non-insemination of hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of coastal mud-flat bacteria origin protease supplementation on laying performance, nutrient digestibility and total protein concentration of serum in laying hens. A total of 252 laying hens were randomly allocated into three treatments with seven replications for eight weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) PRO1 (basal diet + 0.05% protease) and 3) PRO2 (basal diet + 0.1% protease). During the entire experimental period, hen-day egg production was not affected by treatments (P>0.05). Difference of yolk height was increased in PRO1 treatment compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). Difference of egg weight was increased in PRO2 treatment compared with CON and PRO1 treatments (P<0.05). Shell quality, yolk color unit, haugh unit and egg yolk index were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). DM digestibility was improved in CON and PRO2 treatments compared with PRO1 treatment (P<0.05). N digestibility was improved in PRO2 treatment compared with CON treatment (P<0.05). Total protein concentration in serum were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). In conclusion, mud flat bacteria origin protease was effective for improving egg weight, yolk height and nutrient digestibility in laying hens.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.35-36
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• 2004

A total of 1.200 eggs obtained from 312-day-old Hy-line Brown layer breeder hens and 319-day-old Hy-line Brown commercial layer hens (600 eggs obtained from each ones) were used to investigate the effects of storage period, storage temperature, and insemination of hens on the change of albumen height, Haugh unit (HU), albumen pH, shell strength, and yolk color. Eggs were stored up to 14 days after lay at $3\;^{\circ}C\;or\;10\;^{\circ}C$ and sampled one day after stored and then 24 hours interval. Longer periods of storage resulted in lower albumen height and HU at both storage temperatures, but in higher albumen pH. The eggs stored at $3\;^{\circ}C$ were generally higher in HU and lower in albumen pH than the ones stored at $10\;^{\circ}C$. There was no statistically difference although the eggs obtained from the non-inseminated-hens were slightly higher in albumen height and HU than the eggs obtained from the inseminated-hens. Whereas, the eggs obtained from the non-inseminated-hens in the albumen pH of eggs stored at $3\;^{\circ}C$ was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the ones obtained from the inseminated-hens, but the albumen pH of eggs stored at $10\;^{\circ}C$ did not differ each other. The mean shell strength of the eggs obtained from the inseminated-hens was significantly (P<0.05) stronger than that of the eggs obtained from the non-inseminated-hens at both storage temperatures. Albumen height and albumen pH were negatively correlated(P<0.01~0.001) in both inseminated and non-inseminated-hen's egg groups. The degree of yolk colors were not significantly changed overall of the experimental periods in both storage temperatures. The study suggests that the change of egg freshness such as albumen height and HU are relatively more associated with storage period and storage temperature than insemination or non-insemination of hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate dietary effects of illite on humoral immune response against Salmonella typhimurium flagella in Hyline Brown laying hens. Total of twenty eight 36-week-old hens were divided into two groups; The first was fed commercial diet as control and the other was fed diet containing 2 % illite. Each group was divided into 2 sub-groups and then performed immunization of Salmonella flagella with different adjuvants which were Freund's adjuvant and croton oil. The rates of egg-production in all groups were normal range but no difference was found between illite-treated and untreated groups. The serum antibody titers of Freund's adjuvant-used subgroup in illite fed groups were significantly increased, especially from 6-to 9-week after $1^{st}$ immunization compared to those of control groups (p<0.05). And the antibody titers of croton oil-used subgroup in illite-fed groups were also significantly increased, especially at 4-, 6- and 7-week (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that the feeding illite stimulated the immune response against S. typhimurium flagella antigen in laying hens and suggest that the supplementation of illite to the poultry diets may support protective effects against bacterial infections such as Salmonellosis.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 1977

The specificity of the N- and C-terminal antigenic determinant($P_{17}$: sequence $Lys^1-{cys-}^6-Asn^{27},\;{Trp^{12}}_2-Cys^{127}-Leu^{129}$) of hen egg-white lysozyme(HL) was studied in more detail. In a Scatchard plot of the binding of $^{14}C$-acetyl HL with guinea pig purified anti-$P_{17}$ antibody experimental values bent sharply aear r=1. This suggests of two antibody populations with different affinities for HL or possible steric hindrance in the binding of a second HL molecule to the second binding site of the antibody molecule. The antigenic activities of various peptides were tested by measuring their inhibition of the binding of $^{14}C-acetyl-P_{17}$ with the antibody, Only $P_{17}$ and $P_{17}t$(sequence $Lys^1-cys^6-Homoser^{12},\;Trp^{123}-Cys^{127}-Leu^{128})$) were inhibitory, with $K_1$ values of $2.0{\times}10^4$ and $8.1{\times}10^3$, respectively. These results indicate that the direct binding site of $P_{17}$ to anti-$P_{17}$ antibody may be located in the terminal portion of $P_{17}$ (sequence $Lys^1-Cys^6-Homoser^{12},\;Trp^{123}-Cys^{127}-Leu^{129})$) while the rest of $P_{17}$ may be important in maintaining the conformation of this determinant. The single disulphide bond involved in this determinant is essential for manifestation of immunological activity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 1977

A 36 year old blindman, engineer was admitted with chief complaints of hemoptysis, recurrent sore throat, pyoderma in genital organ, uveitis and thrombophlebitis for 10 years. Above the chief complaints were remission or exacerbation during hospitalization. Physicalexamination showed that left radial, ulnar & brachial pulse was not palpable. No bruit or murmur was obtained over the mass. Neurologic examination revealed no significant finding.On admission, chest P-A showed hen egg sized round & oval compact hazy density on left upper lung field. Bronchogram revealed no pathological finding and Lt. tomogram showed well define large,ovoid mass density in the superior mediastinum. Fluoroscopy finding showed nonpulsatile on left upper lung field. Pre-op. aortography was not taken, under the impression of lung Ca. rule out .sortie aneurysm, exploratory operation was performed through the 2nd intercostal space, Lt. It was performed that the mass was ascending sortie aneurysm of saccular type. Direct aneurysmectomy with multiple figure of eight suture were done without any prosthetic graft. Post-op. control I.V.C graphy showed completely obstruction sign. Postopcontrol aortography revealed good surgical result. Final, histopathological answered non-specific sortie aneurysm, saccular type. Post-op. courses were uneventful except mild neurologic disturbance with subclavian steal syndrome and associated with both lower leg pitting edema due to inferior vena cava obstruction. After op, 3 month later, discharged to home, with big systemic problem. Behcet`s syndrome reviewed with related literatures. The coexistence of mouth and genital ulceration with hypopyon mentioned by hippocrates and described by various workers in the early part of this century was first defined as a syndrome by Behcet in 1937. In 1937 Behcet described a chronic relapsing triple symptom complex of oral ulceration, genital ulceration, and ocular inflammation. The place of the syndrome as part of a systemic disorder in now clearer, and the under lying pathology appears to be a vasculitis. The disease runs a- chronic course, blindness being the greatest disability and control nervous system involvement a cause of death. Thrombophlebitis is fairly frequent, france et al [1951] giving an incidence of 25% and Dowling [1961] 12%, superficial thrombophlebitis migrans and thrombosis of large veins, including venae cavae [Thomas, 1947: Boolukos 1960] are recorded. Little attention has been paid to arterial involvement. Mishima et al. [1961] described resection cf an aortic aneurysm in a 38 year old man with Behcet`s syndorme. Mounsey in a clinicopathological conference described a case [Brit, med. J., 1966] of ruptured aortic aneurysm in Bechcet`s syndrome treated by aorto-iliac graft. Also, Shikano and Oshima et al [1963] recorded two aneyrysm of smaller arteries. Unfrequently, aortic aneurysm was presumed to be secondary to osteomyelitis of the lumber spine, though the possible association between aortic aneurysm and Behcet`s syndrome was raised. A further case is reported here, in which ascending aortic aneurysm with Behcet`s Ds. appeared to form part of this generalized disease. This is a case report of surgical experience of Behcet`s Ds. with ascending aortic aneurysm which had nearly all the typical clinical features. Above mentioned and was reviewed with related literatures.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.458-464
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• 1999

The value of lysozyme as a natural food preservative is continuously increased due to its unique antimicrobial activity. To determine the optimum separation concentration among the various hen egg white protein (HEWP) concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, w/v), protein concentrations, lysozyme concentrations, specific activities (SA), and purification factors of prefiltered solution (PFS) and PM30 permeate solution (PMS) were compared. The purity of lysozyme separated at each step was analyzed and confirmed by gel permeation chromatography and electrophoresis. The fouling deposits on membrane were observed by SEM. The non-enzymatic proteins were removed over 99% by ultrafiltration (UF). The increased feed concentration did not contribute to the increase of SA. SA of PMS was 18 to 31 times higher than that of PFS. The optimum feed concentration was decided as 0.25% based on SA and purification factor. The non-enzymatic region of gel chromatogram was proved to be ovalbumin. The thickness of deposit on the UF membrane was approximately $0.9{\mu}m$ and removed by cleaning with 0.1 N NaOH. Therefore, UF using PM30 membrane was very effective to separate the antimicrobial lysozyme from various HEWPs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1424-1431
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• 2018

We prepared flocculated detritus-like organic marine snow originating from various organisms by fermentation using microorganisms; this fermented organic material was fed to the leptocephali of the eel (Anguilla japonica) to investigate whether or not such organic matter was an appropriate food source for the larvae. A strain was isolated from a biofloc technology system used to culture fish, and seven types of organic material from hen's egg, eel muscle, tuna muscle, lugworm, shrimp, manila clam, mussel, and sea squirt were fermented using isolated bacteria (Bacillus sp.). The fermented matter did not show any specific form and was larger than $10-20{\mu}m$ but no more than $100{\mu}m$ in size. Four diets (A-D) were prepared using the various fermented products, and the larvae were fed the prepared food from 20 days after hatching. The leptocephali fed the A, B, and C diets survived until 37, 39, and 37 days after hatching, respectively. However, the leptocephali fed the D diet survived for 60 days after hatching. The protein content of each diet was very similar, but the n-3 HUFA concentration in the D diet was approximately twice as high as that of the others.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.50-87
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• 2013

C. G. Jung believed that universal and basic condition of human's Unconscious comes out from Märchen or mythology. We can easily experience these universality of human nature in dreams. Therefore, It is very important to interpret mythogens that appear in myths and märchen in analytical psychology to understand these 'big dreams' which could be seen in clinical practice. As I was interested in interpreting myths in analytic psychology, I tried to find universality of archetypes in Korea's traditional folk tales and took note of the birth myth of Hyeokgeose, the founder of Shilla dynasty, while examining the chater of the Unsual in history in the Heritage of the Three Kingdoms. Shilla was founded earlier than two other countries, but it was located in the very south of the Korean Peninsula, and it was behind times in politically, militarily, and culturally compare to Goguryeo and Baekje. However, Shilla achieved unifying the Three Kingdoms and it lasted 1000 years, the longest unified history in Korean history. I tried to examine archetypes in the birth myth if there are any backgrounds that are related to finding a Shilla Kingdom. It is noted that myth of the founder of Korean Peninsula's small Kingdom Shilla has complete story from before the birth to birth, birth of spouse, growth, marriage, accession, governing, death, after death, and succession. Symbols such as numbers 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 13 and 61, various azimuthes including north, west, south, east, and central, animals like tiger, white horse, hen, dragon, phoenix, and snakes, natures like main symbol egg, rock, gourd, lightening, spring water, stream, tree, forest, mountain, iron and goddess-image like seon-do Holy Mother gradually appears in the myth. These symbols could show a meaning of human experience such as birth of Conscious, growth and development of paternal and maternal love, and story of regeneration and extinction. Moreover, It could be seen as these progress eternally continues in next generation. I have found out that a word, a sentence or stories that looks meaningless in myth revealed its true symbolical meaning. In addition, interaction between Unconscious and Conscious repeats in different forms, and expressed in layered.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.976-982
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• 1998

The effects of the glycoprotein (PAG) isolated from Pteridium aquilinum on the immune function was examined in mice. PAG was intraperitoneally administered into BALB/C mice for 14 days and the antibody forming ability to hen egg lysozyme (HEL) and the blastogenic responses of splenocytes were measured. PAG treatment significantly increased antibody formation to HEL in a dose-dependent manner. Blatogenesis of splenocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, B-cell specific mitogen) or phytohemagglutinin (PHA, T-cell specific mitogen) was also increased after treatment with PAG, indicating that the PAG increases both humoral and cellular immunities. To examine whether the immune function of PAG was via a direct effect on the lymphocytes, splenocytes were isolated from BALB/C mice, exposed to various concentrations of PAG in vitro and the blastogenic responses were measured. In vitro exposure to PAG significantly increased blastogenesis of splenocytes to LPS up to $500{\;}{\mu}g/kg$, whereas the blastogenic response to PHA was not altered by PAG treatment. To identify the fraction responsible for the increase in the immune function, the effect of periodate digest, pronase digest or purified polysaccharide on the antibody production to HEL was examined. Crude protein fraction of PAG significantly increased the antibody formation to HEL. On the other hand, both crude and purified polysaccharide fractions did not have any effects on the antibody production ability. These data indicated that 1) PAG increased both humoral and cellular immune functions, 2) the increase in humoral immunity was probably via a direct action of PAG on lymphocytes and 3) the protein portion of PAG was responsible for the increase in humoral immunity.