• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2005년도 제17회 워크샵 및 추계학술대회
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• pp.545-548
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• 2005

There is a close relation between the heat generation in the fuel cell stack and the fuel cell performance. In PEM fuel Gell vehicles, the stack coolant temperature is about $65^{\circ}C$, which is far lower than that for general automobile engine. Therefore, it is hard to release heat generated in the stack by using a radiator of limited size because of the reduced temperature difference between the coolant and the ambient air. In this study, indirect stack cooling system using $CO_2$ heat pump was designed and its stack cooling performance in releasing heat to the ambient was investigated. This work focuses on a series of processes that grasp the relation among the fuel cell power, the radiator capacity and the stack temperature. The purpose of this work is to find out a way to properly release sufficient amount of heat through the finite sized radiator, so that the stack power general ion can not be deteriorated due to the stack temperature increase. The optimization between the compressor power consumption and the fuel cel1 output power can be carried out to maximize the performance of fuel cell system.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

There is close relation between the heat generation in the fuel cell stack and the fuel performance. In PEM fuel cell vehicles, the stack coolant temperature is about $65^{\circ}C$, which is far lower than that for general automobile engine. Therefore, it is hard to release heat generated in the stack by using a radiator of limited size because of the reduced temperature difference between the coolant and the ambient air. In this study, indirect stack cooling system using $CO_2$ heat pump was designed and its stack cooling performance in releasing heat to the ambient was investigated. This work focuses on a series of processes that grasp the relation among the fuel cell power, the radiator capacity and the stack temperature. The purpose of this work is to find out a way to properly release sufficient amount of heat through the finite sized radiator, so that the slack power generation can not be deteriorated due to the stack temperature increase. The optimization between the compressor power consumption and the fuel cell output power can be carried out to maximize the performance of fuel cell system.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

This study was performed to evaluate the burning characteristics of wood-based materials and the effect of surface treatment of fire retardant using cone calorimeter. Four types of wood-based materials, such as Plywood, Oriented Strand Board (OSB), Particle Board (PB) and Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), were tested at a constant heat flux of $50kW/m^2$ to investigate the time to ignition, mass loss rate, heat release rate, effective heat of combustion, etc. In addition, each type of wood-based material was tested at the same heat flux after fire retardant treatment on the surface to evaluate the effect of this treatment on the burning characteristics. The surface treatment of fire retardant, by the amount of $110g/m^2$, delayed the time to ignition almost twice. However, it was indicated that heat release rate, mass loss rate, and effective heat of combustion were not significantly affected by fire retardants treatment for all types of wood-based materials.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.933-940
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• 2013

본 실험에서는 실제 태양광 발전용 인버터의 냉각에 사용할 2개의 압출형과 2개의 압입형 히트싱크의 방열 성능을 평가하였다. 두 압입형 히트싱크의 핀의 개수는 62개와 98개, 전열면적은 $2.8m^2$, $5.3m^2$이고, 두 압출형 히트싱크의 핀의 개수는 38개와 47개, 전열면적은 $1.8m^2$, $1.9m^2$이다. 압입형 히트싱크의 방열율은 각각 82.7 %, 86.3 %, 압출형 히트싱크의 방열율은 각각 79.6 %, 81.6 %로 측정되었다. 각 히트싱크의 방열성능 평가결과에서 히트싱크의 전열면적이 증가할수록 방열율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 압입형인 S-62 히트싱크는 압출형인 E-47 히트싱크 보다 전열면적이 47.4 % 증가하였음에도 불구하고 방열량은 1.3% 증가하는데 그쳤다. 이는 압출형의 우수한 전열성능 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 또한 압입형인 S-98 히트싱크는 동일한 압입형인 S-62 히트싱크에 비해 전열면적이 89.3 % 증대되었음에도 방열량 증가는 4.4 %에 불과하여 전열면적에 대한 최적화가 필요함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.96-103
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• 2009

This study was fulfilled to investigate the forest fire risk of forest fuels based on the combustion characteristics of living leaves of coniferous trees and broadleaf trees naturally growing in Youngdong areas of Gangwon Province by using cone calorimeter and smoke density chamber. According to the result, Pinus densiflora and Pinus rigida among coniferous trees released a greater amount of heat release than other kinds. The total smoke release varied depending on the species, whereas Pinus koraiensis showed the largest amount of smoke release. With regard to maximum smoke density, it was much higher in coniferous trees than in broadleaf trees. With regard to smoke temperature, Pinus densiflora showed the lowest compared to other kinds up until 200s from the ignition, but all most trees uniformly maintained constant temperature of about $70^{\circ}C$ after 200s. The concentrations of CO and $CO_2$ release were drastically increased at about 150s and then gradually decreased thereafter. Pinus densiflora showed a bit higher CO release than broadleaf trees, but there was no distinct difference in $CO_2$ release among tress.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.77-84
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• 1997

Cone calorimeter measurements can be used for the calculation of effective material properties, which can be used as input parameters in modeling of fire. Main parameter measured in Cone calorimeter is heat release rate. Some other parameters as time to ignition, effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate or total heat released is also measured in Cone calorimeter. Total heat released is important from the point of view of total energy available in material in Fire situation. Cone calorimeter. measurements were done on several wood species (oak, beech, spruce, poplar). Measurements were provided at external irradiances 30, 50 and 65 ㎾/$m_2$ in horizontal orientation. Heat release rate data were evaluated and compared as a function of external irradiance for various species of wood. furthermore the influence of external irradiance on effective heat of combustion and total heat release was also evaluated for the period of flame combustion.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1486-1496
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• 2000

The initial flame kernel development and flame propagation in a constant volume combustion chamber is analyzed by the heat release rate and the mass fraction burnt. The combustion pressure is measured with a piezoelectric type pressure sensor. In order to evaluate the effects of ignition system and ignition energy on the flame propagation, four different ignition systems are designed and tested, and the ignition energy is varied by the dwell time. Several different spark plugs are also tested and examined to analysis the effects of electrodes on flame kernel development. The results show that the when the dwell time is increased, and when the spark plug gap is extended, heat release rate and the mass burnt fraction are increased. The materials and shapes of electrodes affect the flame development, because they change the energy transfer efficiency from electrical energy to chemical energy. The diameter of electrodes influences not only the heat release rate but also the mass burnt fraction as well.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the fire retardant performance of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) applied for particleboard. This work measured heat release rate(HRR), total heat release(THR) and smoke production rate(SPR) of xGnP added particleboard, using cone calorimeter to assess its fire characteristics according to the KS F ISO 5660-1 standard code. Heat release rates of all specimens treated by xGnP were less than the $200kW/m^2$ for a total experiment period of five minutes. Heat release rates of the specimens coated with xGnP were lower than those of the specimens made by mixing wood particles with xGnP directly. Meanwhile, the total heat release rates of xGnP coated specimen maintained quite lower level than the uncoated so the xGnP coating were effective in improving the fire retardant performance of particleboard. However, the smoke emission peaking problem at the initial combustion period, which was caused by adding base coating materials, should be resolved for further satisfaction as a fire retardant materials.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2008

The unsteady heat release characteristics play a significant role in combustion instabilities observed in low emissions gas turbine combustors. Such combustion instabilities are often caused by coupling mechanisms between unsteady heat release rates and acoustic perturbations. A generalized model of the turbulent flame response to acoustic perturbations is analytically formulated by considering a distributed heat release along a curved mean flame front and using the flame's kinematic model that incorporates the turbulent flame development. The effects of the development of flame speed on the flame transfer functions are examined by calculating the transfer functions with a constant or developing flame speed. The flame transfer function due to velocity fluctuation shows that, when a developing flame speed is used, the transfer function magnitude decreases faster with Strouhal number than the results with a constant flame speed at low Strouhal numbers. The flame transfer function due to mixture ratio fluctuation, however, exhibits the opposite results: the transfer function magnitude with a developing flame speed increases faster than that with a constant flame speed at low Strouhal numbers. Oscillatory behaviors of both transfer function magnitudes are shown to be damped when a developing flame speed is used. Both transfer functions also show similar behaviors in the phase characteristics: The phases of both transfer functions with a developing flame speed increase more rapidly than those with a constant flame speed.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2011

건축물 적재가연물의 연소성상 및 발열특성은 건물 내부의 화재전파속도와 화재규모 등을 크게 좌우하는 중요한 요인이다. 그러나 대형 서점의 적재가연물은 다른 건축용도에 비해 다량 적재되어 있기 때문에 화재시 건물 전체의 화재피해가 대형화할 가능성이 있지만 연소발열성상이 화재실험 등으로 파악되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구는 대형서점의 적재가연물인 목재 서가 등을 재현한 시험체를 대상으로 연소실험을 실행하여 연소발열성상을 파악하였다. 또한 이 결과를 바탕으로 대형서점의 화재시 화재안전성을 검토하고 대형 서점의 화재안전설계에 필요한 적재가연물의 연소표면적당 최대열방출률과 화재성장률 등을 제시하였다.