• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2022

비파괴 검사에 사용되는 방사선원은 투과력이 높고 주변 물질과의 충돌을 통해 산란선을 야기하며 이는 주변 공간선량 변화를 발생시킨다. 이에 본 연구는 몬테카를로 모의 모사를 활용하여 비파괴 검사 시 작업환경 내 선원별 공간선량 분포를 평가 및 분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 모의 모사 코드인 FLUKA를 활용하여 비파괴 검사에서 사용되는 ⁶⁰Co(3,700 GBq), ¹⁹²Ir(1,850 GBq), ⁷⁵Se(2,960 GBq) 선원을 모의모사하고, 산출된 선량률을 보건물리학회 자료와 비교하여 선원항의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 이후 방사선안전시설(RT-room) 내 비파괴 검사를 설계하여 선원으로부터 거리에 따른 공간선량률을 평가하였다. 공간선량률 평가 결과, ⁷⁵Se 선원이 정면 위치에서 가장 낮은 선량 분포를 보였으며, ⁶⁰Co는 ⁷⁵Se에 비해 약 15배, ¹⁹²Ir 보다 약 2배 높은 선량을 나타내었다. 또한 거리에 따른 공간선량 분포는 선원과의 거리가 증가할수록 거리 역자승 법칙에 따라 감소되는 경향을 나타내었다. 예외적으로 ⁶⁰Co, ¹⁹²Ir, ⁷⁵Se 선원 모두 2 m 지점 이내에서 선량이 다소 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 방사성동위원소를 이용한 비파괴 검사 시 작업환경 내 피폭선량 관리를 위해 ⁷⁵Se 선원과 같은 낮은 에너지를 방출하는 선원의 사용과 작업 시 방사선안전시설 내 선원과의 거리를 4 m 이상으로 유지한다면, 방사선작업종사자의 피폭선량 최적화에 도움 될 것으로 판단된다. 추후 본 연구 결과를 토대로 비파괴 검사 시 방사선안전시설 내 종사자의 안전관리를 위한 보조자료로서 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.54-66
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• 1991

As a result of measuring illumination and making up a question at home visit directly by investigator who trained over twenty days period from October 4 to 24, 1990, in order to render help which illumination problem against house, society against eyes or framing of health instruction potgram by seizing natural lighting actual conditions of house and actual conditions of wearing spectacles and by investigating interrelationship, I can summarize as follows. 1) In property of investigation subject, woman 66.9%, In an age, the twenties was largest of 27.4%, the forties was 20.2%, the fifties was 18.6%, the thirties was 17.4%. In academic career, those of upper secondary school grauates was largest of 28.6%, those who possess university career was 25.9%, those who middle school career was 20.9%, decoding of Korean alphabet was 2%. 2) By a residence area, a big city was 43.3%, farming and fishing villages were 20.3%, the rest was a small town and the administrative office of town, township. In positon of house, the middle area was 43.6%, resident of suburb area was 38.0%. In form of house, a Korean-style house was 40.8%, a western-style house was 34.8%, an apartment house was 11.0%. In the a standard of living, the middle classes 77.2%, the lower classes were 15.3%. In residential house unit of area, from 21 to 30 unit of area was largest of 31.5%, from 10 to 20 unit of area was 19.9%, from 31 to 40 was 18.7%. 3) The wearing spectacles rate of study user was 44.1%. By the area, those who wearing spectacles was more than a half of 50.8% in the resident of big city area. As passing from the farm area to the city, that is being resident of big city was high wearing spectacles rate. In position of house, as being residence in central street showed high wearing spectacles rate. (central street was 51.5%, the middle area was 44.5% and the suburb area was 40.1%.) It seemed similarity difference a variable by position of house from wearing spectacles in standard of 1%. By form of house, wearing spectacles rate those who resident in apartment house was 49.5%, that rate those who resident in a western-style house was high of 49.0%, that rate those who resident in a Korean-style house was the lowest 39.0%. By social position of resident in room, in students case who study showed very high, as university students were very high of 62.3% idn wearing spectacles rate, middle and high school students 'were 50.0%, members of society were 47.6%, workers 20.3%. It seemed similarity difference from academic career in standard of 1%. By an age, the thirties was high of 54.1% in wearing spectacles rate, the twenties was 43.2%, the teenage was the lowest of 11.8%. 4) In illumination of study, over 200Lux was high of 40.1%. but below 99Lux which inappropriate illumination to see the books was 32.4%. Average by area, below 99Lux was 22.7% and over 400Lux was 50.0% in case of wooden floor. As examine by area, below 99Lux was high of 27.0% a case of wooden floor in the big city area, it was not good in illumination passing from the farm area(15.0%) to the city(19.0%). Average illlumination by area of the main living room below 99Lux was high of 37.5%, less than 200Lux was 58.5% of whole. In general, illumination of the main livingroom was inappropriate. By area, the big city was 32.5% below 99Lux, the middle and small city area were 33.8%, town and township area were 45.0%, farming and fishing area were 42.8%. By area, in the big city, illumination of study was 52.5% over 200Lux and 28.9% below 99Lux. In case of the middle and small city, study user of below 99Lux was 38.8% and over 200Lux was 46.9%. In case of the seat of town township, below 99Lux was 34.1% and over 200Lux was 39.7%. In case of farming and fishing area, illumination of study was 33.4% below 99Lux and 48.4% over 200Lux. It tends to high rate of inappropriate illumination. 5) By position of house, in case of wooden floor, less than 100Lux was 24.5% in central street. It was bad illumination than others position of house. In case of the main livingroom, less than 100Lux was 40.4% in the suburb area. It was bad iliumnation than others position of house. In case of study, less than 100Lux was 35.4% in the middle area, it was worse in illumination. In case of the main living room, is seemed similarity difference in standard of 1%. 6) By form of house, in case of wooden floor, illumination of less than 100Lux was 23.8% in a western-style house, it was bad illumination than others form of house. In case of the main livingroom, illumination of less than 100Lux was 47.4% in a Korean-style house, it was remarkably bad illumination than others form of house. In case of study, a Korean-style house was 38.8%, it was very bad illumination than others form of house. In case of the main livingroom and study, it seemed similatrity difference each as P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 in standard of 1%. 7) The wearing spectacles rate of those who use room of illumination over 400Lux was 40.7%, and that of those who use room of illumination less than 100Lux was 28.1%. It seemed similarity differecce in standard of 1%. 8) In period of wearing spectacles, 21.3% of total investigator-highest-was from before five years, 8.6% was from before three years. Among those who use of illumintion less than 99Lux, 34.0% began to wear spectacles from before two years 31.7% was from before five years, 30.3% was from before four years. It seemed similarity difference from period of wearing spectacles by illumination in standard of 1 %. 9) Among cause which sight grow worse, the first was that it was each 33.2% and 27.4% in response rate because watch TV nearly to wearing spectacles person and non-wearing person. The second was that a lot of seeing books was 25.3% in wearing spectacles person and response rate for dark illumination was 7.4% in nonwearing spectacles person. It seemed similarity difference in standard of 1%. (P < 0.01). 10) In experience which take medicine good for eyes, it was 50.1% in wearing spectacles person and 8.5% in non-wearing spectacles person. It seemed similarity difference in standard of 1%(P < 0.01). As we have seen above, inappropriate illumination can be a cause of wearing spectacles. Nevertheless, actually, is realities to indifferent against illumination of house. So it must learn knowledge about health obstacle of illumination through society instruction and school eduction against students as well as general residents. In case that natural lighting is inappropriate structural of house, we must be able to maintain appropriate illumination through artificial illumination. And so eyes which is core of human life have to be protected, related the authorities, related group, and all health medical personnel will organically cooperate with and make efforts.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

목적: 울산지역 안경사들의 직무스트레스 요인을 측정하고, 해당 요인의 부하와 관계된 영향요소가 무엇인지를 평가하고자 한다. 방법: 울산 지역에 근무하는 안경사 180명을 대상으로 하였다. 조사대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 직무스트레스를 한국산업안전보건공단이 '직무스트레스요인 측정지침(KOSHA code H-42-2006)'으로 제시한 한국형 직무스트레스 요인 측정 도구(이하 측정도구)를 사용하여 조사하였다. 결과: 직무스트레스 요인 평가 결과 평가 점수의 성별 중위수 값을 한국 근로자 참고값과 비교해 볼 때 8개의 스트레스 요인들 중 남, 여 모두 관계갈등(참고값; 남, 여 33.4, 측정값; 남성 38.3, 여성 41.5)과 직장문화(참고값; 남, 여 41.7, 측정값; 남성 47.4, 여성 49.3)에서 한국 근로자 참고 값 평균보다 높은 스트레스 부하를 나타내었다. 다중회귀분석 결과 관계갈등에서는 직책이 낮고, 근무시간이 길수록, 미혼인 경우, 평균 급여가 작을수록 관계갈등에 대한 스트레스 부하가 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 직장문화에서는 최종학력이 낮을수록, 휴무일수가 적을수록, 근무경력이 많을수록, 평균 급여가 적을수록, 근무시간이 많을수록 직장문화에 대한 스트레스 부하가 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 이상의 결과들을 살펴볼 때 안경사의 주요한 직무스트레스 요인인 관계갈등과 직장문화 영역의 스트레스 요인에 대한 관리를 위해서는 안경사의 처우개선과 직장내에서 상호 수평적인 의사소통 체제를 통하여 긍정적인 조직문화를 형성하는 것이 중요한 요소라 하겠다.

• 산업진흥연구
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2020

본 연구는 2018년 보건복지부에서 발표한 「독거노인 종합지원대책」을 중심으로 독거노인에 대한 제도적 지원의 문제점 및 해결방안에 관하여 연구하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 맞춤형 독거노인 지원제도를 도입해야 한다. 독거노인의 생활만족도 향상을 위해 가장 기본적인 일상생활 관련 욕구에 맞는 프로그램 개발이 필요하며, 서비스를 연계할 구체적인 방안과 지원체계가 마련되어야 한다. 둘째, 독거노인에 대한 사회적 관심도 증대가 필요하다. 독거노인에 대한 문제해결은 독거노인에 대한 사회적 관심도가 선행되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 사회적 관계망의 강화가 필요하다. 셋째, 독거노인을 위한 법률 제·개정을 제안한다. 기존 법률의 일부 개정만으로는 한계가 있고, 다양한 노인일자리 유형에 대한 기준과 정의, 노인일자리 사업 전담기관을 포함한 전달체계에 대한 재정비, 근로자성 관련 규정, 노인생산품 우선구매제도 등 개별 법률 제정을 통하여 해결하는 것이 바람직하다. 결론적으로 독거노인에 대한 복지지원은 종합적이고 포괄적이어야 한다. 독거노인의 복지는 우선적으로 맞춤형 돌봄서비스가 시행되어야 하며, 사회적 관심도의 증대를 토대로 해서 독거노인에 대한 사회적 지지를 향시키고, 독거노인을 위해 법제·개정이 능동적이고 선제적으로 이루어져야 한다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.482-492
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• 2015

Objectives: Exposure Assessment for workplace hazards where the exposure level is below occupational exposure limits(OELs) has been performed without considering either the degrees of risk or exposure levels and has failed to lead to intervention in many cases. The objective of this study was to suggest and test an application framework for risk assessment methodology under the current exposure assessment system in Korea. Materials: First, we investigated the exposure assessment systems in Korea and other countries. To adopt some risk assessment techniques, we also analyzed risk assessment systems and compared them to exposure assessment systems. A few suggestions were made. We held a public hearing during an industrial hygiene conference and took surveys using a questionnaire. Results: The first suggestion was to implement the risk assessment and exposure assessment through a "one-stop" system. In that case, one expected question would be who has been doing the jobs so far. In most cases, industrial hygiene consulting services or laboratories have been performing exposure assessment for business owners. Business owners are required to perform risk assessment. As two different groups of people will be required to implement two things in a one-stop system, they need to share information. As an information vehicle to share information, commonly filed survey checklists were suggested. The second suggestion was to categorize exposure level into four groups instead of the current binary divisions based on OELs. In the risk assessment system, exposure level is divided into four groups utilizing the cut-points of 10%, 50%, and 100% of OELs. The same schema can be adopted in the exposure assessment system and different levels of requirements can be assigned for each group. The third suggestion was regarding the regulation system. To provide the suggestions some thrust toward being implemented in the field, changes should be made in the legal system. Two different types of new exposure assessment result reporting forms were suggested. Some investigations such as an ergonomic survey are officially accepted as risk assessment under the current legal system. A few items were suggested to be included in the exposure assessment result reporting to be accepted as risk assessment. A pilot study in two small factories was performed and pointed out the strengths and weakness of our suggestions. Conclusions: Discussions and studies on the improvement of the exposure assessment system have been held for decades and no tangible changes have yet been made. We hope this result can help realize healthy lives for workers in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-98
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• 1998

Isokinetic evaluation of trunk flexors and trunk extensors was performed at $60^{\circ}/sec\;and\;120^{\circ}/sec$ of angular velocity by using cybex 6000TEF Unit on 31 healthy male white workers and 15 post-operative HILD patients with no significant difference in mean age and mean body weight between two groups, and compared each other. The purpose of this study is to obtain the isokinetic normative strength values and endurance latins for Dunk extensors and trunk flexors, and is to provide a guideline for rehabilitation program of post-operative HILD patients. The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan's Nyktuoke Range Test, and Pearson correlation coefficiency in PC-SAS program, The results obtained were as follow ; 1. Post-operative subjects has lower isokinetic values than normal subjects in peak torque, peak torque $\%$ by body weight, total work, total work $\%$ by body weight, average power, average power $\%$ by body weight, TAAE of trunk flexors and trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value in trunk extensors at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and in trunk flexors and trunk extensors at $120^{\circ}/sec$ between two groups(p<0.05). 2. Pest-ooperative subjects has lower values for angle of peak torque than normal subjects in trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $120^{\circ}/sec$ between two groups. 3. Post-operative subjects has higher values for endurance ratios than normal subjects in trunk extensors and flexors, but there are no significant differences with statistic value between two groups. 4. Post-operative subjects has higher values than normal subjects in peak torque ratios, total work ratios, average power ratios of trunk flexors to trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value between two groups(p<0.01). 5. There is significant positive-correlation with statistic valve between peak torque and height and body weight in normal subjects(p<0.05), but Thjere is significant negative-correlation between peak torque of trunk extensor at $120^{\circ}/sec$ and age (p<0.05). 6. There is significant positive-correlation with statistic value between peak torque of trunk flexors and body weight in post-operative subjects (p<0.05), but There is significant negative-correlation between peak torque of trunk extensor add age (p<0.05). In conclusion, post-operative subjects have greater weakness in trunk musculature than normal subjects, especially there is more significant weakness in trunk extensors than in trunk flexors

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.197-211
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the image of dental hygienists. The subjects in the study were 396 patients and their caregivers who visited 14 dental hospitals and dentists' offices in and around Seoul. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: 1. The people investigated gave a mean of 4.0 to the image of dental hygienists. Dental hygienists rated highest in terms of looking neat and tidy(4.33), and were given the lowest marks in arbitrary job performance(3.46). 2. There appeared four different types of dental hygienist images, which made a 59.824 prediction of the image of dental hygienists in general. A typical image(4.11) was most dominant, followed by professional one(4.07), personal one(4.01) and social one(3.73). 3. The relations between the general characteristics of the respondents and their image of dental hygienists could be described as below: 1) By age, those who were in their 60s(4.12) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the teenagers(3.90) had the worst image of them. 2) By gender, the men(4.05) looked at dental hygienists more positively than the women(3.96). They had a significantly different opinion on the social image of dental hygienists according to gender(pE0.05). 3) By marital status, the married people(4.00) had a better image of dental hygienists than the unmarried ones(3.95). 4) As for the influence of the type of dental institutions, they had a more favorable image of dental hygienists in dentists' offices(4.13) than in dental hospitals(3.88). There was a broad significant difference in the way they looked at the professional and personal images of dental hygienists according to the type of dental institutions(pE0.001). 5) As to the impact of educational level, those who received community-college or higher education(4.01) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who received middle-school or lower education(3.91) had the worst image of them. 6) By occupation, the government workers and students(4.07) had the best image of dental hygienists, and the company employees(3.90) had the worst image of them. They took a significantly different view of the social image of dental hygienists according to occupation(pE0.05). 7) Concerning the impact of the frequency of receiving dental treatment, the respondents who had received it seven times or more(4.16) had the best image of dental hygienists, and those who hadn't(3.79) the worst image of them. There was a wide significant gap according to that frequency. The way they looked at the typical, social and professional images of dental hygienists was quite different significantly according to that frequency as well(pE0.001). 8) As for the influence of whether they were accompanied by caregivers or not, the people who weren't accompanied by caregivers(3.99) had a better image of dental hygienists than those who were(3.97).

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.70-80
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• 2015

본 연구는 여성119구급대원이 증가하고 있는 추세에 따라 소방 조직 내에서 여성119구급대원의 이미지를 향상시키고 그들을 효과적으로 활용할 수 있는 기초자료로 활용하고자 시행된 연구이다. 연구는 2013년 5월 1일부터 6월 30일까지 Q표본을 선정하여 구급차동승 현장실습을 경험한 응급구조(학)과 학생 총 31명을 대상으로 QUANL program을 이용한 Q방법론을 사용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 '슈퍼우먼형', '체력한계 히어로형', '섬세한 수호천사형', '능숙한 데스크잡형'의 총 4가지 유형으로 분류되었으며 각각의 설명력은 제I유형 42.2%, 제II유형 4.8%, 제III유형 4%, 제IV유형은 3.6%로 전체변량의 54.7%를 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 여성119구급대원을 전문가로 인식하고 있지만 체력적인면과 출산 및 육아에 대하여 부담을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타나 조직 구성원의 인식 변화와 제도적인 장치가 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.505-512
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• 1999

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between job strains and absenteeism from work. Methods : The study design was cross-sectional, and the study subjects consisted of 1,166 workers who were employed in the small-sized industries. A self administered questionnaire was used to measure the general characteristics, job characteristics(job demand, job control), and social support(coworker support, supervisor support) at work. The Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ) was used to assess job demand(2 items) and decision lattitude(10 items). Social support at work (10 items) was measured using JCQ. Sick absence was collected using self-report and were rechecked by the attendance record of their company. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between job strain and sick absence were estimated. The modifying effect of social support was evaluated by stratification. Logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between job strain and sick absence. Results : In the bivariate analysis, the variables related to sick absence were age, marital status, occupation, job demand. Four distinctly different kinds of level of job strain were generated by the combination of job demand and job control: low strain group, high strain group, active group, and passive group. The crude odds ratio of high job strain was 1.78(95% CI: 1.26-2.53), and those of active group and passive group were 1.33(95% CI: 1.07-1.66) and 1.13 (95% CI: 0.88-1.47), respectively. The odds ratio of high job strain after adjusting for age and occupation were still significant The odds ratio of high job strain in low social support was 5.96(95% CI: 2.45-14.51), but that in high social support was 0.73(95% CI: 0.26-2.01). Conclusions : Job strain was associated with increased risk of absenteeism from work, and social support at work modified the association between job strain and sick absence.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.143-153
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• 1969

여성(女性)의 노동(勞動)과 영양(營養)의 문제가 근로자의 건강과 생산성(生産性)과의 중요성이 있을 뿐만 아니라 다음 세대(世代)의 건강에까지 미치는 영향이 크다는 관점에서 1969년 8월 13일부터 8월 20일까지 1주일간(週日間) 서을 시내 소재 한 가발공장 여자 기숙사 근로자 949명(名)에 대하여 식품및 영양 섭취상태를 조사하였고 아울러 대상자의 신장및 체중을 조사하였다. 그리고 그 중(中) 임의유출법(任意油出法)에 의하여 선정된 44명(名)에 대하여 임상조사 및 생화학적 검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과(結果)를 요약하면 조사대상자는 체위(體位)가 표준치(標準値)에 미달(未達)이었고 16세(歲)${\sim}$20세(歲)가 전인원(全人員)의 82%이상을 차지하고 있는 여자 근로자로서, 노동정도는 중등노동(中等勞動)에 속하였다. 급식(給食)상황에 있어서는 기초식품의 배합이 고르지 못하여 누락된 식품군이 매(每)식단마다 발견할 수 있었다. 완전영양을 위한 균형식사가 여기에 강조되어야 하겠다. 식단(食單)이 너무 단순한 탓으로 저(低)칼로리와 저(低)영양상태를 초래하고 있으며 열량, 단백질의량에 있어서도 권장량보다 부족되며 특히 동물성 단백질량이 부족된다. 그러나 단백질의 질적(質的)문제에 있어서는 비록 그 양은 적으나 75의 단백가(蛋白價)로서 비교적 양질(良質)이다. 여기서 식물성단백질에서 섭취되는 좋은 현상을 발견할수 있다. 그리고 지방질의 섭취량이 평균 1일(日) 1인당(人當) 8.8g으로 매우 적고 무기질 및 비타민의 섭취량도 모두 우리나라 권장량 보다 저치(低値)를 나타내고 있다. 임상조사(臨床調査) 및 생화학적(生化學的) 검사결과(檢査結果)에 있어서도 비타민 결핍증과 빈혈(貧血) 특히 철(鐵)결핍성 빈혈을 초래하고 있는 사실을 발견할 수 있다. 이러한 급식은 장구히 계속 된다면 근로자의 체위저하(體位低下)는 물론 작업능력 및 건강에도 악(惡)영향을 미칠 것으로 본다. 이와 같은 특수환경에 있는 대상에 대해서 앞으로 영양관리와 건강관리에 대한 채선이 시급히 요망된다고 사료되는 바이다.