• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.182-191
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• 2001

Anemia in women during pregnancy and after delivery has been known to affect the mother, the fetus, and the infant's growth and health status. Studies examining, changes in iron and folate status associated with anemia during pregnancy and during pregnancy, and those supplements are stopped after postpartum. However, the effects of those have not been clearly determined in pregnant and lactating Korea women. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the changes in maternal iron and folate status during pregnancy and six months after delivery longitudinally in six pregnant women who consumed supplements from 20 wk to delivery. We concluded that the iron status deteriorated during pregnancy and especially was weak in the third trimester, but had a tendency to recovery after delivery. On the other hand, the folate status deteriorated in the first and second trimester and was good in the third trimester, but had a tendency to decrease after delivery. These results suggested that the iron status was not improved despite consuming total iron supplements of 50 mg/day through diets and supplements during the second half of the pregnancy. On the other hand, the folate status improved at the end of pregnancy by consuming folate supplements of a total of 800 mg/day through diets and supplements. However, folate status was poor in the first half of the pregnancy, and the tendency of folate status to decrease during postpartum was advanced. At the point in which iron and therefore supplementation is essential. However, the effects of supplement intake time and intake dosage need to be verified and the nutritional status changes of postpartum women should be carefully monitored.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 어린이들이 섭취하는 비타민 제제들의 우식원성을 치아우식 유발지수와 Streptococcus mutans의 활성정도 및 산생성능을 통해 분석하는 것이다. 4가지 비타민, 노마(NM), 세노비스 키즈(CK), 애니멀 퍼레이드(AP), 캐릭터 비타민(CV)를 대상으로 진행하였다. 치아우식 유발지수를 산출한 결과 AP, CV, CK, NM 순으로 작아졌다. pH 측정 시 모든 실험군들의 초기 값은 산성을 나타내었다. S. mutans의 군집 형성 단위를 분석한 결과 NM, CV은 대조군에 비해 더 높은 증식률을 보였고(p < 0.05), CK와 AP (p < 0.05)는 대조군에 비해 더 낮은 증식률을 보였다. 공초점 현미경으로 관찰하였을 때 실험군들은 대조군에 비해 높은 세균 활성도를 보였다. 비타민 제제들의 세균 활성도와 산도를 고려해 볼 때, 어린이의 구강 건강을 위해서는 세심하게 고려하여 섭취해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.433-442
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• 1993

Dietary folate intake and serum folate levels were measured in 26 pregnant, 25 lactating, and 17 non-pregnant, non-lactating women. Dietary folate comsumption was estimated by calculating folate intake based on the information obtained from food frequency quesionnaires and serum folate levels were determined microbiologically using Lactobacillus casei. The total folate (from food and supplements) intakes of pregnant and lactating women were 326.9ug and 407.9ug, which was significantly higher than that of the non-pregnant, non-lactating women(139.5ug). However, with regard to food folate intake, there were no differences among the three groups (160ug for pregnant women, 143.4ug for lactating women). Forty-two percent and 36% of the pregnant and lactating subjects, respectively, were found to be taking commercially available nutritional supplements containing folate. The concentrations of folate in these supplements were in the range of 83ug~1, 000ug per tablet. For lactating women, serum folate levels were significantly higher when folate supplements were voluntarily used. The amount of folate intake was positively correlated with the serum folate levels in pregnant women, but not in lactaing women and non-pregnant, non-lactating women. Serum folate levels were negatively correlated with the ages of the pregnant women, and for lactating women, serum folate was positively correlated with their body weights.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to estimate the consumption prevalence of vitamin and mineral supplements as health functional foods (VM-HFF) and to examine the factors associated with VM-HFF consumption behaviors in adolescents. A total of 1,407 adolescents attending middle or high schools from various cities and rural communities in Korea participated in this study. The prevalence of VM-HFF consumption was 41.7%, with boys showing a higher consumption than girls (p<0.01). VM-HFF consumption was higher in families with higher socioeconomic status and for families with parents that exhibited higher concerns about their child's health, growth, and nutritional intake (p<0.001). Most consumers of VM-HFF consumed HFFs 'when healthy' (50.1%), and acquired nutritional information from 'their families & relatives' (50.9%). Most consumers responded that VM-HFF was 'a little effective' (54.3%), followed by 'no obvious effects' (37.1%), and 'very effective' (7.4%). The effectiveness of consuming VM-HFF was mainly for 'fatigue recovery' (39.0%) and 'health improvement' (28.2%). Most consumers purchased HFFs at 'pharmacies & oriental medicine clinics' (53.8%) and at 'health functional food stores' (18.8%). Most consumers 'occasionally' (51.1%) or 'seldom' (27.3%) checked nutrition facts when purchasing, with 58.9% of consumers understanding the nutritional label for 'the most part', but only 8.7% of them understanding it 'very well'. Among the VM-HFF, consumers preferred calcium- and vitamin C-supplements. Consumers' mini-dietary assessment scores were higher than those of non-consumers. The results above showed that VM-HFF consumption was widely spread among adolescents, but few consumers checked and understood the nutrition label when they purchased VM-HFF, and were highly dependent on the advice and information from non-professional nutritionists, such as families & relatives. Therefore, it is necessary to educate adolescents to help them read nutrition labels and select the proper VM-HFF.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.854-863
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• 2007

This study was performed to compare nutritional supplementation habits for Korean professional soccer players with those for the non-athletic male adults. Information about prevalence and kinds of supplements taken, information sources, nutrition knowledge were collected. Data were obtained from 53 football players working for Korean professional football clubs and 44 non-athletic males, who answered a list of questionnaires which had been prepared in advance. The prevalence of supplement use in the soccer player group (96%) was strikingly higher than in the nonathletic male group (34%). Vitamins were taken most frequently, followed by red ginseng, multivitamin, Chinese medicine and amino acids supplements in the soccer player group, with each player taking 2.96 kinds of supplements in average. Multivitamin was the most popular supplement in the non-athletic male group. The major reason for taking supplements was not to feel and recover from fatigue in both groups. It appeared that the non-athletic males started to use supplements mostly by recommendation of friends or colleagues. Meanwhile, soccer players took supplements on their needs, with half of them (50.1%) provided with nutrition information. The most important information source was coaches for soccer players group, and mass media for the non-athletic male group. The average scores of soccer players group on basic nutrition and athletic nutrition were lower than the respective values of the non-athletic males. Among the soccer players, 68% had taken more than 3 kinds of supplements during the last year; nonetheless, more than half could not perceive the effectiveness of the supplements. Our results show that supplementation practices were widespread in soccer players, and suggest that nutrition education for proper use of supplements and overall health care is needed for soccer players.

• 인삼문화
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• 제1권
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• pp.93-109
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• 2019

이 논문은 미국에서 생산되는 미국삼이 19세기 서구 약전에서 퇴출된 이후, 20세기에 수출 상품으로서 위기를 겪고, 결국은 '식이보충제'로서 미국 사회와 군대 내에 정착하게 되는 과정을 다루고 있다. 이 과정 속에서 먼저 1994년의 <식이보충제 건강 및 교육법>이라는 법령의 제정은 인삼을 비롯한 식물성 식이보충제들이 미국의 시장에 본격적으로 진출할 수 있는 교두보를 마련해줬고, 그 결과 인삼은 과거 약전에서의 퇴출 이후 '식이보충제'로서 <미국 약전 및 국민 처방집>에 다시 등재될 수 있었다. 하지만 이것은 인삼과 기타 식물성 식이보충제들의 완전한 연착륙을 의미하는 것은 아니었다. 식물성 식이보충제들의 무차별적인 확산을 경계한 미국의 의학계에서는 끊임없이 '위험 담론'을 제기하면서 과학적으로 검증되지 않은 식이보충제 활용에 대한 우려를 표했다. 이것은 <식이보충제 건강 및 교육법>의 느슨한 검증 제도로 인한 근본적인 문제뿐만 아니라, 미국의 대중들이 전문 의료인들을 찾기보다는 직접 식물성 식이보충제에 대한 정보를 얻어 그것을 통해 본인의 건강을 돌보고자 하는 새로운 분위기와도 관계되어 있었다. 이런 상황 속에서 '옹호 담론'을 펼치는 식이보충제 제조업자 및 식물 약재 관계자들의 주장은 다소 여유로워 보였다. 소비자들이 '옹호 담론'의 손을 들어주고 있는 상황 속에서 옹호론자들은 식물성 식이보충제들이 오랜 세월 아무런 문제없이 세계적으로 활용되어왔으며, '천연의' 원료로 만들어졌다는 점만 강조하면 되었기 때문이다. 인삼을 비롯한 식물성 식이보충제들이 사회 내의 담론 충돌 속에서도 식품 통제에 엄격한 미군의 식이보충제 매뉴얼에까지 진출할 수 있었던 것은 미국 내의 이러한 분위기에 편승한 것으로 보인다. 본문에서 살펴본 미군의 초창기 식이보충제 매뉴얼에서 인삼은 여러 식물성 식이보충제 가운데 가장 자세하게 다뤄지고 있었다. 물론 그 속에는 사회 내에 존재하는 '안전성에 대한 우려'도 다소 섞여있었지만, 효능에 대한 충실한 과학적인 설명이나 인삼의 미국 사회 내 성행과 영향력에 대한 언급도 분명히 함께 이뤄지고 있다. 이런 점을 고려할 때 '식이보충제로서의 인삼'에 대한 미국 사회의, 그리고 미국 군 내부의 관심은 상당히 높다고 볼 수 있다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.445-459
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate of the dietary life, nutritional status and health condition in 100 elderly living in nursing homes in Pusan area. The quality of meals served in nursing homes base on nutrient contents and the state of preferared foods was evaluated by the questionaire and the nutritional status and health condition of subjects were estimated by the analysis of serum components. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1 Almost all subjects were aged over 70 years and poor-educated. Mean height and weight of subjects were lower than Korean average standard but Body Mass Index(BMI) of those were normal and body fat contents of females were especially high. 2. Protein, vitamin A, vitamin C and Ca intake of subjects were lower than Korean RDA. Subjects preferred pan-broiled for meats and fishes, muchim for vegetables fruits as food between meals. 3. There were no smoking and drinking in almost all subjects. All subjects have taken nutritional supplements, mainly mineral supplements. Prevalence of disease in subjects were in the following order : cardiovascular, stomach, neuralgia in males. The frequency of neuralgia in females was highest. 4. Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, globulin, Ca and Mg were lower than those of normal ranges. Therefore, it Is necessary to improve nutritional status of the elderly in nursing homes with by increasing the various side dishes and to develop the standard menu for those.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2000

This study examined the experience and intention of health food use regarding the different type of health foods among 201 middle-aged Korean men form urban areas. Based upon the results of a prestudy, health foods were classified into 4 groups including Chinese medicine(CM), toner foods(TF), vitamin or mineral supplements(VMS), and other manufactured heath food supplements(MHFS). compared with the4 case of health food experience, the similar proportion of the subjects were intended to use CM( 70%) and MHFS( 40%), yet the smaller proportion of them had the intention for TF(46%) and VMS(52%). Our subjects mainly obtained information on CM and TF from social networks, such as families, relatives, friends and neighbors and VMS and MHFS from mass media. Expected effects of health food consumption were different by the type of health food. The most positive expected effects were found in CM, followed by VMS. However, there was weak evidence for the positive effects of the TF and MHFS. Upon the consumption of health foods, our subject appeared to expect to their body energy to increased and body functions to be improved in general. Multivariate analyses indicated the importance of expected effects of health food consumption and aging symptoms as determinants of future health food use. Experience was rarely associated with intention in health food use. This study suggests that educated middle-aged Korean men may have a rational attitude toward health food use. Regarding different attitudes and behavior toward the different type of health foods, further research should consider the nature of each type of health foods. The limitations of this study are also discussed.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.243-257
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• 2010

This study was conducted to search the health food intake behavioral intentions of male workers. The health-related behavior of 150 subjects were compared(smoke, alcohol drink, breakfast, BMI, sleep, exercise and health check). On the basis of the Theory of Planned Behavior, the factors health-food intake behavior were evaluated; there were normative beliefs, motivation for compliance, subjective norms, social influence factors, and barriers as perceived behavior control. The results were showed with five points by the Likert scale and Significance by t-test. The most frequently consumed health food was tea(3.40/4points) followed by healthy drinks(2.49/4). As behavioral beliefs, if consumption of 'nutritional supplements'(3.61/5) and 'fatigue recovery'(3.62/5) received the highest scores. As a result, the idea of 'nutritional supplements'(3.94/5) and 'fatigue recovery'(4.06/5) were the important aspects, but others were also positively evaluated. As a sub-factor of subjective norms on normative beliefs, The highest social groups to encourage consumption of health food were parents (3.93/5), and the lowest were doctors (3.02/5). The most influential people were doctors (3.67/5) and spouses (3.65/5). Barriers to consumption health food were side effects (1.09/5) and price (2.08/5). Taking Ginseng products and other processed foods (juice, honey, bamboo, etc.) were correlated with health concern (p<0.05). Taking traditional stamina foods was correlated with dietary habit recognition (p<0.05). Mineral intake was positively correlated with age. Healthy drinks was negative (p<0.05). Minerals and supplement consumption were correlated with the practice of healthy behavior (p<0.01).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.362-370
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• 2007

The study was designed to assess the effect of iron and cereal supplementation on children's iron nutritional status in social welfare institutions. Dietary survey was carried out methods of food weighing and record by interview (n=74). A nutritional intervention study was carried out through supplementing iron supplements and cereal for 4 weeks in 4-12 years old children. Children received daily 40 mg elemental Fe as iron protein succinylate (n=23) and 3.6 mg elemental Fe as 100 g cereal (n=24), respectively. Blood samples were drawn before and after supplementation. Nutrients which children's intake was less than two-thirds of the RDA were vitamin A, vitamin B-1, vitamin B-2, calcium and iron. The mean daily intake of iron was 5.1 mg for male and 4.9 mg for female, and 52.3% for male and 45.4% for female of Korean RDA. The proportion of children with iron depletion assessed by TIBC (> 360 ${\mu}g$/dl) and serum ferritin (< 20 ng/ml) were 56.6% and 58.7%, respectively. The proportion of children with the iron deficient erythropoiesis assessed by serum iron (< 70 ${\mu}g$/dl), Hb (< 12 g/dl), Hct (< 36%) were 76.0%, 58.7%, 64.0%, respectively. After iron supplements treatment, Hb (p<0.001), Hct(p<0.001), serum iron (p<0.001), transferrin saturation (p<0.001) and serum ferritin (p<0.Ol) increase significantly and only TIBC decreased slightly. After cereal supplementation, in anemic children, Hct (p<0.001), serum iron (p<0.001) and transferrin saturation (p<0.001) were significantly increased. The effect of iron supplements and cereal supplementation in children with iron deficient erythropoiesis were more effective to improve the iron nutritional status than children with iron depletion. It was concluded that cereal supplementation program in anemic children was also effective to improve iron nutritional status.