• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2005

The nutritional status of pre-school children is important for both physical growth and functional development. This study investigated the anthropometric, nutrient intakes and dietary quality of the pre-school children living in Asan for planning nutritional education program. The dietary intakes were measured by 2-day 24 hr recall recorded by children's mothers and the anthropometric data were collected by measuring children's weights, heights, and percent body fat at Asan Public Health Center. The children were 161 boys and 129 girls aged 5 and 6 years. When children's nutritional status was determined by their anthropometric status (underweight, normal weight and overweight) determined by z-score (normal range between -1.00 and 1.00), only 1.4% of the children belonged to underweight group while 55.7% and 42.9% belonged to normal and overweight groups, respectively. Significantly higher number of children belonged to overweight group for 5 year-olds. No differences were observed in nutrient intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) values among nutritional status groups. Intakes of the most nutrients were adequate, but NAR and INQ of calcium and zinc were low. When nutrient intakes, NAR and INQ were compared by sex or age, all nutrient intakes were appropriate except calcium and zinc intakes of 6 year-olds. Nutrient intakes of 5 years were higher than those of 6 years. The mean of nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.85 and mean INQ was 1.51 for all participants. The nutritional management program for pre-school children in Asan would be directed differently by age groups and education material should contain contents educating to consume moderate amount of food for 5 year-olds and to increase intake of foods with mineral nutrients such as calcium and zinc for 6 year-olds.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.661-674
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• 2016

We analyzed information provided by diet-related programs of comprehensive programming channels and the relationship between composition of professional panelists and quality of provided information. We selected 82 items among eight programs by MBN, JTBC, and TV chosun. All 82 items provided information about food & nutrition and health & disease, but only 32 items (39.0%) and 35 items (42.7%) provided information on food culture and food safety, respectively. Among the food ingredients, phytochemicals (81.7%) were the most frequently mentioned, and the contents of functional ingredients occupied a large part. The inappropriate information on programs were broadcast on an average of 1.2 episodes per program, and the most pointed out item was information that could confuse viewers with drugs (29.3%). Among the professional panelists, medical doctors (38.9%) and Oriental medicine doctors (16.6%) had the highest number of appearances, and professors of food & nutrition constituted only 7.1%. However, the increase in the number of appearances of professors showed a positive effect on the quality of program information. Contents focused on balanced nutrient intake and dietary culture of Korea should be increased rather than focusing on the function of each nutrient in comprehensive programming channels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.483-495
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• 2023

본 연구는 서울 및 경기지역에 거주하는 노인 250명을 대상으로 건강기능식품 섭취가 식생활에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 2주 이상 지속적으로 건강기능식품을 섭취하였을 때 건강기능식품 섭취군으로 판정하였고, 노인의 식생활 평가를 위해 구성타당도 평가가 수행된 노인 영양지수 (NQ-E 2021)를 활용하여 식사의 질을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구대상자의 평균 연령은 70.8세이었고, 건강기능 섭취 여부에 따른 연령, 키, 체중 및 체질량지수에 유의적인 차이는 존재하지 않았다. 전체 조사대상자의 NQ-E 점수와 영역별 점수를 보면 NQ-E 52.5점, 균형 43.3점, 절제 56.7점, 실천 65.7점이었고, 영양지수 전체 17개 항목 중 60점 이하의 낮은 점수를 보인 항목은 총 7개였는데, '과일 섭취', '우유 및 유제품 섭취', '어패류 섭취', '달걀 섭취', '콩 및 콩 제품 섭취', '견과류 섭취'와 '단 간식 및 단 음료 섭취 절제' 점수가 낮아서 노인들이 전반적으로 다양한 식품군을 충분하게 섭취하지 못하는 것으로 평가되었다. 건강기능식품 섭취 여부에 따른 차이를 보면 전체 NQ 점수와 다양한 식품군을 섭취하는 균형점수에서 유의적인 차이를 보여 건강기능식품 섭취군에서 건강기능식품 비섭취군보다 유의적으로 높은 점수를 보였다. NQ 판정등급 비율에서도 건강기능식품 섭취군이 건강기능식품 비섭취군보다 NQ-E 점수와 균형 영역에서 [상] 등급이 8% 이상 유의적으로 더 많았다. 영양지수 문항별 점수에서 건강기능식품 섭취군은 과일, 어패류, 달걀, 견과류, 잡곡밥 섭취 및 건강한 식생활을 하려는 노력에서 건강기능식품 비섭취군보다 높은 점수를 보였다. 본 연구결과 노인에서 건강기능식품 섭취군이 비섭취군보다 영양지수 평가를 통해 전반적인 식사의 질이 높은 것으로 평가되었는데, 이는 건강기능식품 섭취군에서 균형과 실천 영역에 해당하는 문항의 점수가 높은 것에 기인하였다. 그러나 전반적으로 노인들의 영양지수 점수가 낮고, 특히 균형 영역에 해당하는 다양한 식품군의 섭취가 제대로 이루어지지 않으므로 노인 영양문제 개선을 위한 지속적인 노력이 강구되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2020

Depression is a kind of mood disorder characterized by decline in motivation, interest, attention, mental activity, and appetite. Although depression is caused by a variety of causes, including genetic, endocrine and environmental stress, mild depression has been reported to improve with diet. Therefore, various type of food sources including functional and nutritional supplement are required to treat the depressive patients. Cheese contains bioactive peptides that have beneficial effects on host health. In particular, Jersey milk has been reported to contain higher solids than does Holstein milk. This study investigated the effects of Gouda cheese from Jersey and Holstein milk on chronic, unpredictable, mildly stressed (CUMS) mice. Here, spontaneous alterations in cheese-fed stressed mice were noted to be effectively recovered with statistical significance regardless cow species. Interestingly, for the analysis of fecal microbiota, Bacteroidetes were noted to increase with a reduction in Firmicutes at the phylum level with Jersey cheese. Taken together, we suggest that cheese intake provided a beneficial effect on stressed mice in recovering recognition ability. In particular, changes in internal microbiota were observed, suggesting that the bioactive ingredients in cheese act as improvement agents with respect to mood and brain function.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.414-422
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• 2018

Objective: Dietary nutrients may play a significant role in depressive disorders. However, sufficient evidences in epidemiological studies are limited. We investigated the cross-sectional association between dietary nutrients and the prevalence of depressive disorder in Korean adults using representative Korean data. Methods: Participants were 2,938 adults aged 19 ~ 64 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted in 2014. Dietary intakes were assessed using 24-h recall method. Depressive disorder was assessed using Patients Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9, self-depression test) as applied in 2014 KNHANES only. We defined depressive disorder as having a PHQ-9 score of ${\geq}10$, which was characterized as moderate depression and more. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) of depressive disorder. Results: Among the 2,938 subjects, 170 were identified as having depressive disorder. The multivariate-adjusted regression analysis demonstrated that the risk of depression was significantly associated with riboflavin (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.24-0.85, p for trend = 0.018), thiamin (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.23-0.99, p for trend = 0.045), and vitamin C (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34-0.95, p for trend = 0.025) in the highest versus lowest tertiles of intake. Conclusion: The high consumption of riboflavin, thiamin, and vitamin C was associated with the low prevalence of depressive disorder in Korean adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.250-262
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• 2022

Purpose: Elevated iodine intake is related to a higher prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). We investigated the short-term effect of dietary iodine restriction on thyroid function in patients with SCH with high iodine intakes. Methods: The iodine levels in 64 SCH patients with serum TSH levels from 4.0 to 10.0 mIU/L and normal serum fT4 levels (n = 64) were assessed using 24-hour urine iodine test results and iodine intake levels calculated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary iodine restriction was not recommended for patients with an iodine intake in the normal range (group A, n = 13), but seaweed restriction was recommended for patients with high iodine intakes (group B, n = 33). Thyroid functions and iodine levels were rechecked after three months. Another eighteen patients were prescribed thyroid hormone replacement therapy according to clinical criteria. Results: Median baseline iodine intake for the 64 patients was 290.61 ㎍/day, and median 24-hour urine iodine was 33.65 µmol/g of creatinine. The major source of dietary iodine was seaweed, which accounted for 72.2% of median baseline intake. Urine iodine and calculated iodine intake levels were positively correlated with serum TSH levels (p < 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively), and calculated iodine intakes were significantly correlated with urine iodine levels (p = 0.001). In group B, iodine restriction significantly decreased urine iodine (p = 0.042) and TSH levels (p = 0.004), and conversion to euthyroid status was achieved in 16 of the 33 patients (48.5%). Conclusion: Iodine intake and urine iodine levels are correlated with thyroid function in SCH patients, and dietary iodine restriction can aid functional thyroid recovery in patients with elevated iodine intakes.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.498-504
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• 2004

This study was conducted to determine the usefulness of bamboo leaf powder as a functional ingredient for buckwheat cold noodles. The anti oxidative and fibrinolytic activities of bamboo leaf powder were very high, and were further maintained or improved after strong heat treatment. We prepared buckwheat cold noodles using 0%, 3% or 5% of bamboo leaf powder. Only the cohesiveness of the noodle having 5% bamboo leaf powder was lower than that of the noodles contained 0% and 3% bamboo leaf powder. The L-, a- and b-values were significantly different between noodles which contained bamboo leaf powder and those which did not. Nevertheless, the amount of bamboo leaf powder didn't affect the color parameters of buckwheat cold noodles. According to sensory evaluation, the addition of bamboo leaf powder improved the score of color and texture of buckwheat cold noodles, but overall acceptance was not significantly affected. Cooked volume, cooking loss and turbidity of buckwheat cold noodle containing 5% bamboo leaf powder were lower than the others, indicating that adding 5% bamboo leaf powder prevented the softening of the noodles with moist heat. We concluded that the application of bamboo leaf for the production of buckwheat cold noodle will be a good way to intake the biologically active ingredients for good health.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.77-92
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• 2021

Objectives: Food literacy (FL) can be an important concept that embodies the nutritional capabilities of individuals. The purpose of this study was to introduce the definition and core elements of FL from previous literature, to summarize measurement tools and intervention programs with FL, and to suggest the direction of future research and programs to integrate the concept of FL. Methods: The literature review was conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar databases by combining the search term 'food literacy' with 'definition', 'measurement', 'questionnaire', 'intervention', and 'program'. Among the 94 papers primarily reviewed 31 manuscripts that suited the purpose of the study were used for analyses. Results: There is no consensus on the definition of FL that encompasses the multidimensional aspects of the concept. The definitions of FL were slightly different depending on the authors, and the interpretation of the core elements also varied. Based on the review, we propose a framework of FL that is in line with the current discussion among international researchers. This focuses on the core elements adapted from health literacy, namely functional, interactive, and critical FL. Specifically, we suggest some detailed elements for interactive and critical FL, which were often the subject of divergent views among researchers in previous literature. We found that most of the tools in the reviewed literature provided information on validity and reliability and were developed for a specific target population. Also, most of the tools were focused on functional FL. Similarly, most of the interventions targeted functional FL. Conclusions: This study reviewed the definition and core elements of FL, available measurement tools, and intervention programs using validated tools. We propose the development of tools with sound reliability and validity that encompass the three core elements of FL for different age groups. This will help to understand whether improving food literacy can translate into better nutritional intake and health status among individuals and communities.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2012

This study examined intakes of nutrients, carotenoids and polyphenols according to lens turbidity levels among adults visiting a cataract clinic. A total of 102 males and females aged 40 years or higher agreed to participate in the study, and a face-to-face survey interview was conducted to obtain information on general characteristics, health behaviors, and dietary intakes of each participant. The dietary data were collected by a food frequency questionnaire which was previously validated in a Korean population. In addition to essential nutrients, intakes of a total of 10 carotenoids and polyphenols were calculated based on the tables of food functional composition developed by National Academy of Agricultural Science. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to turbidity levels (< 16, ${\geq}16$ and < 25, ${\leq}25$), and health behaviors and dietary intakes were compared among the turbidity groups. Data showed seemingly higher energy intake and lower dietary antioxidant (i.e., vitamin A, ${\beta}$-carotene, lutein, zeazanthin, lycopene, cryptozanthin) intakes in the highest turbidity group. However, no statistically significant findings were found in all the comparative analysis on characteristics of health behavior and intakes of nutrients, carotenoids and polyphenols. The current study findings should be cautiously interpreted in consideration of several limitations including a cross-sectional study design, a small sample size, uneven sample size distribution across turbidity groups, and limited generalizability due to using a convenience sample. Therefore we cannot conclude that the risk of cataract is unrelated with dietary antioxidant intakes based solely on the results of this study.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.641-654
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• 2023

Purpose: Sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) contains abounding phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and anthocyanins, and has antioxidative effects. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator in enhancing the lipid metabolism. This study hypothesized that the intake of sour cherry affects AMPK signaling. Therefore, this study examined whether sour cherry regulates AMPK to balance the hepatic lipid metabolism and exert ameliorating effects. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice had obesity induced with a 45% fat diet. The mice were divided into four groups: control (CON), high-fat diet (HFD), low percentage sour cherry powder (LSC), and high percentage sour cherry powder (HSC). The mice in the sour cherry groups were fed 1% sour cherry or 5% sour cherry in their respective diets for 12 weeks. Results: The body weight, visceral fat weight, and lipid droplet size significantly decreased in the treatment groups. The serum and hepatic triglyceride and total cholesterol levels improved significantly in the HSC group. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were also reduced significantly, whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased significantly in both treatment groups. The sterol regulator binding protein-1c and fatty acid synthase expression levels as fatty acid synthesis-related enzymes were significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the high-fat diet group. Furthermore, the adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression levels as lipolytic enzyme activity and AMPK/acetyl-CoA carboxylase/carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 as fatty acid β-oxidation-related pathway were upregulated significantly in both sour cherry groups. Conclusions: These results show that sour cherry intake improves hepatic lipid synthesis and chronic diseases by activating AMPK signaling. Therefore, this study suggests that phytochemical-rich sour cherry can be developed as a healthy functional food.