• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.254-263
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• 2013

This study is to develop an evaluation index for infection control and to verify its validity by examining each set of weighted data collected from 121 infection control personnel at dental hospitals who agreed to the preliminary survey and advisory. The study was conducted from 14th December, 2010 to 31st January, 2011, and PASW Statistics 18.0 and AMOS 5.0 had been used for the statistical data analysis. As a result of the study, five evaluation factors with 21 sub-indicators have been identified at structural level, eight evaluation factors with 32 sub-indicators at processing level, and one evaluation fact with five sub-indicators at resulting level, total 14 evaluation factors with 58 sub-indicators throughout all levels. The path analysis added on the result that 'standard precautions ($x_1$)', 'infection control support system ($x_2$)', 'internal and external characteristics ($x_3$)' are exogenous variables that affect on other variables, and 'standard infection control ($y_1$)','Organization equipment management handwashing ($y_2$)', 'environmental infection control ($y_3$), 'personal protective equipment ($y_4$)', 'waste and laundry management ($y_5$)' are endogenous variables that are infulenced by others. The standardized metrics are more needed than anything else when examining on infection control. This study attempts to develop proper dental infection control metrics adequately adjusted for domestic circumstances, and therefore to contribute to effective systematic management and decision-making in infection control.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.265-271
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• 2015

This study has an objective not only to be helpful to the understanding about students' career and employment preparation by investigating the present conditions which are related with vocational consciousness and job values of dental hygiene department graduating students. Study subjects were 350 female graduating students in 3-year-course College, dental hygiene department at five areas of Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon and Gyeongnam. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 19.0. Regarding job values, job prospect of dental hygienist is a little developmental (55.2%) and institution hoping to work is dental clinic (43.2%), reasons for employment in major area are good wage and working environment (24.0%). And regarding opinion about job, dental hygienist job is a measure for living income (69.7%). Regarding job selection conditions, 35.0% subjects replied good human relationship. In the questionnaires regarding professional job in vocational consciousness category, results showed high percentages in that 'the occupation is a job in charge of oral health improvement'; regarding academic area, 'scaling should be done better than dentist'; regarding human relationship, 'harmony between colleagues is closely related with job efficiency'; regarding work ethics, 'development of dental hospital (clinic) and dental hygienist is correlated.' In vocational consciousness of study subjects, higher major satisfaction showed significant differences in professional job consciousness and work ethics consciousness (p<0.05) and the correlation results in vocational consciousness areas showed all statistically significant correlations (p<0.01). In case that the characteristic in one type is higher among 4 types, all other types showed high characteristics and also showed high general vocational consciousness.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.964-969
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of addition of pork fat, olive oil and soybean oil on the quality and sensory of ground pork meat. The samples consisted of the ground pork meat containing 20% pork fat (GP-P), 20% olive oil (GP-O), and 20% soybean oil (GP-S). The chemical composition, surface color, fatty acid composition, water hold-ing capacity, pH, VBN content and TBARS value were determined for the ground pork meat as the quality characteristics, and the sensory score were also evaluated. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash content were not different among the GP-P, GP-O and GP-S. The $L^{*}$(lighaess), $a^{*}$(redness) and $b^{*}$(yellowness) of /GP-P were higher than those of the GP-O and GP-S (p<0.05). Palmitic acid was the most abundant among saturated fatty acids, and palmitic acid content of GP-P (24.384%)was higher than that of the GP-O (15.611%) and GP-5 (14.423%). In case of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid of GP-P (43.773%) and GP-O (65.040%) were the highest, linoleic. acid for GP-5 (40.762) was the highest. The water holding capacity of GP-P was higher than that of the GP-0 and GP-5, the pH of GP-S was higher than that of the GP-P and GP-O, and the VBN content and TBARS value of GP-P was higher than that of the GP-O and GP-5 (p<0.05). The raw color of GP-0 and GP-S were higher than that of the GP-P (p<0.05), however the raw aroma was not different among the samples. In case of roasted ground pork meat, the aroma was not different among the samples, the taste, texture and palatability or GP-S were the highest among the samples, and the juiciness of GP-O and GP-S were higher than that of the GP-P(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.477-482
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• 2012

Purpose: This study is aimed at finding the conditions of ametropia of adults in the Philippines and the South Korean. Methods: The study objects were 7,695(15,390 eyes) Koreans and 2,256(4,512 eyes) Philippines who visited optic clinics and took refraction test. The distributions of their hypermetropias and myopias about astigmatisms were examined, using the method of equivalent spherical power. When astigmatisms were marked in S-C, cylinder lens diopter and astigmatism axis, presbyopic additions and pupillary distances were analyzed by comparison respectively. Results: Among ametropias of Koreans myopias and hypermetropias were 93.69% and 6.31% respectively and about ametropias of Philippines myopia and hypermetropias were 73.43% and 26.57% respectively. As for spherical equivalent power about Koreans, the results showed that Koreans marked -3.352 D about myopia and Philippines marked -2.213 D about it. There is a gap of -1.139 D between them. About hypermetropia Koreans marked 1.147 D and Philippines, 1.251 D and their gap is 0.104 D. As for ametropia of Koreans there is 49.86% in middle myopia, 32.28% about low myopia, 11.55% about high myopia, and 5.54% about low hypermetropia, 0.75% about middle hypermetropia. As for it about Philippines there is 44.53% in low myopia, 25.11% about middle myopia, 3.79% high myopia and 23.03% low hypermetropia, and 3.51% low hypermetropia respectively. As for cylinder lens there is differences of 0.194 D and 0.22 D between Korean and Philippine for both sexes. Totally Koreans have higher cylinders of 0.175 D than Philippines. As for astigmatism, Koreans have direct astigmatism, inverse astigmatism, and oblique astigmatism in their suffering sequence. As for Philippines, they have direct astigmatism, inverse stigmatism, and oblique astigmatism in their abnormal sequence, and they have higher oblique stigmatism than Koreans. As for presbyopic addition, Philippines have higher distributions than Koreans, and 0.296 D is higher in average. As for pupillary distance, Koreans have longer distance of 0.97 mm in man and 0.63 mm in women than Philippines. Conclusions: As for ametropia, Koreans and Philippines have more myopias than hypermetropias, but Philippines have more rates of hypermetropias than Koreans. And Philippines have more presbyopic additions. Koreans have higher morbidity of inverse astigmatism, and Philippines have higher morbidity of oblique astigmatism comparatively. As for pupillary distance, Koreans have longer length in the body characteristics. This shows that geographical circumstances have much to do with refraction conditions of eyes.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.79-89
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• 2004

This study carried a comparative analysis of quality of living perceived by cancer and hospiece patients who received radiotheraphy, and influential factors in order to provide basic data for nursing goals and establishment of strategy. The subjects of the study were 50 cancer patients who were more than twenty years old and was receiving radiotheraphy in therapeutic radiology department of C university hospital, and fourteen hospiece patients who were in J hospital in Gwangju. They were conveniently sampled according to the selection standard, and researchers personally interviewed them using questionnaire and patient scripts to obtain necessary data. The results were presented as follows: 1. When cancer and hospiece patients were examined demographically, the number of 60 year-old patients were the most. The subjects whose marriage period was more than thirty-one years were the most. In medical expense, more than $70.0\%$ of the patients bore their expenses themselves. 2. When disease-related characteristics of the cancer and pospiece patients were exmained, more than $75\%$ of the patients had experience of being in hospital, and more than $60.0\%$ experienced operation. However, for prevalence period, $57.5\%$ of the cancer patients had less than six months, and $64.3\%$ of the hospiece patients had more than two years. 3. For physical symptoms of cancer patients, $77.5\%$ had fatigue, $60.0\%$ had loss of appetite, and $52.5\%$ had loss of weight while for the hospiece patients, $100\%$ had loss of weight, and $92.9\%$ had fatigue and loss of appetite. For the cancer patients, $0.0\%$ had swelling, and $7.5\%$ had bleeding, For the hospiece patients, $7.1\%$ had change in skin, and $14.3\%$ had diarrhea. 4. Mean score of the cancer subjects were as follows: family support, social support, emotional and spiritual support, physical symptoms, and periods were 3.87, 2.88, 3.10, 2.80, and 2.94 respectively. Those of the hospiece patients were 3.80, 1.96, 1.58, 2.64 and 3.24 respectively. 5. Mean score of family support of both patients were almost identical, but in character, a considerable difference was found: 3.10 and 1.58. In qualify of living, the mean score of hospiece patients was slightly lower.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.15-20
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• 2014

Purpose - In general, researchers try to abide by the code of research ethics, but many of them are not fully aware of plagiarism, unintentionally committing the research misconduct when they write a research paper. This research aims to introduce researchers a clear and easy guideline at a conference, which helps researchers avoid accidental plagiarism by addressing the issue. This research is expected to contribute building a climate and encouraging creative research among scholars. Research design, data, methodology & Results - Plagiarism is considered a sort of research misconduct along with fabrication and falsification. It is defined as an improper usage of another author's ideas, language, process, or results without giving appropriate credit. Plagiarism has nothing to do with examining the truth or accessing value of research data, process, or results. Plagiarism is determined based on whether a research corresponds to widely-used research ethics, containing proper citations. Within academia, plagiarism goes beyond the legal boundary, encompassing any kind of intentional wrongful appropriation of a research, which was created by another researchers. In summary, the definition of plagiarism is to steal other people's creative idea, research model, hypotheses, methods, definition, variables, images, tables and graphs, and use them without reasonable attribution to their true sources. There are various types of plagiarism. Some people assort plagiarism into idea plagiarism, text plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, and idea distortion. Others view that plagiarism includes uncredited usage of another person's work without appropriate citations, self-plagiarism (using a part of a researcher's own previous research without proper citations), duplicate publication (publishing a researcher's own previous work with a different title), unethical citation (using quoted parts of another person's research without proper citations as if the parts are being cited by the current author). When an author wants to cite a part that was previously drawn from another source the author is supposed to reveal that the part is re-cited. If it is hard to state all the sources the author is allowed to mention the original source only. Today, various disciplines are developing their own measures to address these plagiarism issues, especially duplicate publications, by requiring researchers to clearly reveal true sources when they refer to any other research. Conclusions - Research misconducts including plagiarism have broad and unclear boundaries which allow ambiguous definitions and diverse interpretations. It seems difficult for researchers to have clear understandings of ways to avoid plagiarism and how to cite other's works properly. However, if guidelines are developed to detect and avoid plagiarism considering characteristics of each discipline (For example, social science and natural sciences might be able to have different standards on plagiarism.) and shared among researchers they will likely have a consensus and understanding regarding the issue. Particularly, since duplicate publications has frequently appeared more than plagiarism, academic institutions will need to provide pre-warning and screening in evaluation processes in order to reduce mistakes of researchers and to prevent duplicate publications. What is critical for researchers is to clearly reveal the true sources based on the common citation rules and to only borrow necessary amounts of others' research.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.608-614
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• 1998

In order to establish the scientific foundations for the production of Korean traditional kanjang (soy sauce) in a semi-pilot scale, meju preparation and kanjang mashing methods were investigated. Two types of meju, one that was prepared by conventional method (CM-meju) and the other that prepared by modified conventional method (MCM-meju), were made and compared their characteristics. The former made of cooked and crushed soybean with a brick shape was fermented at $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C\;and\;40{\sim}50%$ relative humidity (RH) for 30 days in koji room and the latter was fermented at $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C\;and\;80{\sim}90%$ RH seemingly being optimum for the growth of meju-organisms for the same period. The quality of MCM-meju as a raw material for the kanjang preparation was considered to be superior to that of CM-meju as the higher soluble nitrogen and total free amino acids content, the major factor for the evaluation of the quality of meju, were found in the former although the higher total nitrogen content and lower % weight loss were observed in the latter during meju preparation process. The quality of MCM-kanjang with higher total nitrogen, free amino acids, free sugars and the lower residual nitrogen content in cake after separation of kanjang was also found to be superior to that of CM-kanjang in sensory evaluation results.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Objective : This study investigates the impact of the musculoskeletal disorder prevention exercise program designed on the basis of agricultural work posture on the balance ability, Oswestry Disability level, and Psychosocial stress of participants from one rural village in Chungnam area. Method : The exercise program was provided to 21 farmers with musculoskeletal symptoms living in one village in Chungnam area. Such program was performed once a week, 90 minutes per session, for a total of twelve weeks from July 10 to October 11, 2008, and was constructed in a way to increase flexibility and muscular strength, taking agricultural work posture into account. The balance ability, Oswestry Disability Index, and Psychosocial Well-being Index scores were analyzed based on the data of 13 of the farmers who participated in the program for more than eight times and in all of the pre- and post-assessments. Result : Thirteen participants were all women who were 70.55(${\pm}6.78$) years old on average. Most of them were engaged in general dry-filed farming. The parts where they mainly felt the pain were low back(69.2%) and knees(61.5%), and 46.2% responded 'not healthy' to the question on the overall health status. The static balance ability when standing on the right foot significantly increased from the average 9.27(${\pm}5.53$) seconds before intervention to 14.22(${\pm}5.47$) seconds after intervention(p<.05). The Oswestry Disability Index showed a significant change, decreasing from the average 19.84(${\pm}6.89$) seconds to 14.38(${\pm}7.58$) seconds(p<.05). However, there was no change in the Psychosocial Well-being Index. Conclusion : This exercise program that has been conducted for the female farmers who are mainly engaged in the dry-filed farming has contributed to the improvement of their static ability and reduction of their Oswestry Disability Index scores. It is expected that the studies on the effects of the differentiated exercise programs depending on work characteristics will make progress in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.319-332
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• 2009

The present study was performed to analyze the life style and eating behavior of stroke patients and to find the risk factors related to stroke incidence in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. The case subjects (n=100) were selected from newly diagnosed stroke patients at Kyungpook National University Hospital. The control subjects (n=150) were selected from community inhabitants who did not have stroke history and were sex and age-matched with the case subjects. The survey was conducted by individual interviews using questionnaires on the general characteristics, life-style, eating behavior, food intake frequency and food preference. The high body mass index, preexisting diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, stroke family history, smoking, overeating habit and high preference for sweet, greasy and meat foods appeared to be the risk factors for stroke incidence. On the other hand, the results suggest that life style of regular exercise and nonsmoking, food habits of green tea drinking and enough chewing, preference for Korean meal type, high intake frequency for legumes, vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, fishes and shell fishes, soy milk and green tea might be the protective factors for the stroke. Therefore, maintenance of healthy weight, the prevention and management of the deteriorative chronic diseases, change of life style and improvement of eating behaviors are considered to be important for stroke prevention.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.66-76
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• 1997

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyse sleep habits and sleep disorders in the elderly population ased 65-84 years. Methods : Epidemiological survey was performed at home by means of semi structured interviews in the city of Pusan, Korea. Subjects were randomly selected. The questionnaire consisted of 128 items including demographic findings, sleep habits, sleep disorders, somatic illnesses, and psychological distresses. Results : (1) The mean retiring time was 10.28 h (SD 1.30 h) and the mean wake-up time was 5.24 h (SD 1.33 h). The mean duration of sleep was 5.63 h (SD 1.80 h). The mean sleep onset time was 44.51 min. The mean frequency of daytime napping was 2.49 (SD 3.23). The subjects reported they woke up an average of 2.05 (SD 1.59) times per night. All of the above results were not related to age or gender. However, the mean frequency of difficulty in initiating/maintaining sleep was 2.2 times for men and 3.2 times for women (p<0.05). (2) The prevalence of insomnia was 57.7% and was not related to age or gender. Difficulty in initiating sleep was the most commonly reported insomnia complaint(52.4%). Early morning awakening was reported by 50.0% of patients and difficulty in maintaining sleep was reported by 45.1% of them. Worrying in bed and physical pain were strong contributing factor to insomnia. Conclusions : The results of our study showed several characteristics of sleep habits in the elderly. Sleep disorder in old age is not inevitable or trivial. Since sleep disturbance in older adults is common and distressing, it has implications for general health and well-being. Active concern and therapeutic intervention for the sleep habits and sleep disorders in the elderly are needed.