• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze X-factor, triple X-factor, and the center of pressure (COP) according to the feel of golf driver swing. Method: For this research, 9 golfers from the Korea Professional Golfers' Association (age: $30.11{\pm}2.98yrs$, height: $178.00{\pm}8.42cm$, weight: $76.22{\pm}8.42kg$, experience: $10.06{\pm}3.11yrs$) were recruited to participate in the experiment. Twelve Motion Analysis Eagle-4 cameras were installed and an image analysis was conducted by using the NLT (non-linear transformation) method, and 2 units of Kistler type 5233A dynamometer were used to measure ground reaction force. The sampling ratio was set at 1000 Hz. The golfers each took 10 swings by using their own driver, and chose the best and worse feel from among 10 shots. A paired-sample t-test was used to analyze the results. Results: In regard to feel, no change in head speed, X-factor, and the triple X-factor's X-factor stretch, hip rise, and head swivel, was observed (p>.05). Regarding ground reaction force, a difference was observed between the top of the backswing (p<.05) and impact (p<.05) in the vertical force of the left foot. For COP, a difference was also observed between the mid backswing (p<.001), late backswing (p<.001), and top of the backswing (p<.05) for the right foot X-axis and Y-axis mid follow through (p<.01). Conclusion: It can be reasoned that, irrespective of feel, the head speed, X-factor and triple X-factor's X-factor stretch, hip rise and head swivel did not have an effect on drive distance for domestic golfers, and the vertical reaction force of the left foot and left-right movement span's pressure dispersal of the right foot had an increasing effect on drive distance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.461-466
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• 2019

In this study, we found that the design can be configured according to the visual weight in the design of the interface. First of all, interface design has gone through the era of squeeze morphism to express depth and dimension by borrowing part of material design or head design from flat design. This is due to the characteristics of metro UI and flat design, which are difficult to express depth and dimension, but in material design, there was no separate device for inducing eyes, so Gestalt theory showed the principle of visual weight. Positive and negative, the size and placement of regions, proximity, closure, and notion were closely related to visual weight and orientation, and in some cases, it could be applied to the interface.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 1999

To reduce leaf nitrate content, lettuce plants(Lactuca sativa var. capitata) were grown in deep flow culture. Nitrogen concentrations were controlled to 1 (6.Sme/$\ell$), 3/4 (4.9me/$\ell$), 2/4 (3.3me/$\ell$), and 1/4 strength(1.6me/$\ell$) of Yamaziki's nutrient solution from 7 days before harvest. The pH of nutrient solution was maintained at high level between 7.2 and 8.4. The values of pH and EC were increased with the nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution. The nitrate contents were lowest at the treatment of 1/4 strength, but not significantly different among other treatments. The nitrate content was lower in outer leaves than in head leaves. The weight and diameter of head and shoot weight were lowest at the treatment of 1/4 strength.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.118-127
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• 2014

This study proposed a revision of standard sizing system for infant clothing to provide exact information for consumers and manufacturers. The size designation was set up by compensating the defect of existing system. Basic body measurement and reference body measurement were analysed according to size designation. The ages of the infants ranged from 0 to 36 month in accordance with safety standard of KC Self-Regularity Safety Confirmation. The results are as follows: Size designation for infant clothing was based on height that was basic body measurement. Chest girth, waist girth, head girth, arm length, foot length and weight were also analysed according to age of the month. It was proposed that height could be written alone and height with age of month did together for size designation. Size intervals of basic and reference body measurements were fixed as follows: size intervals are 5 cm in height, 2 cm in chest girth, 2 cm in waist girth, 1 cm in head girth, 2 cm in arm length, 0.5 cm in foot length and 2 kg in weight. The distributions of height and chest girth showed normal distributions. As height was taller, chest girth was also bigger. But the distribution of waist girth didn't show remarkable change with age of month. The distributions of arm length and weight showed remarkable difference with growth in 0~9 months, but the amount of growth variation got less in 12~18 months.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.18-25
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• 2018

The head frame structure of a machine tool for aircraft parts, which requires machining precision and machining of difficult-to-cut materials is required to be light-weighted for precision high-speed machining and to minimize possible deformation by cutting force. To achieve high stiffness and for light-weight structure optimization design, a preliminary model was designed based on finite element analysis. The topology optimization design of light-weight, high stiffness, and low vibration frame structure were performed by minimizing compliance. As a result, the frame weight decreased by 17.3%, the maximum deflection was less than 0.007 mm, and the natural frequency increased by 30.6%. The static stiffness was increased in each axis direction and the dynamic stiffness exhibited contrary results according to the axis. Optimized structure with the high stiffness of low vibration in topology optimization design was confirmed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.29-40
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate body cathexis and clothing involvement by demographic characteristics and to indentify the relationship between body cathexis and clothing involvment. Five aspects of body cathexis(lower body, head/upper body, height, weight, torso) were assessed with 17 Likert type questionnaires adapted from the previous researches, and 24 items of clothing involvement were measured. The questionnaire was administered to 430 women in Taegu, Korea. The data were analyzed using percentage, frequency, factor analysis, ANOVA, Sceffe test, t-test, and Pearson's Correlation Analysis. The results of the study were as follows; 1. The body cathexis showed head/upper body, height, torso, lower body, weight in order of satisfaction level. Especially lower body and weight part were shown as the most unsatisfactory body parts. Age of 20s' showed the lowest body cathexis, and those who had the higher educational background and family income were more satisfied with their bodies. 2. Five dimensions of clothing involvement were derived by factor analysis such as fashion, interest, pleasure, symbolism, and perceived buying risk. 3. There were significant relationships between clothing involvement dimensions and demographic characteristics such as age, educational background and family income level. Those who were younger showed positive relationship partially among fashion, interest and pleasure of clothing dimensions but showed negative relationship in total clothing involvement. Those who had higher educational background and family income showed positive clothing involvement than married women and empolyed showed higher clothing involvement with symbolism and perceived buying risk than unemployed women partially but not in total clothing involvement with symbolism and perceived buying risk than unemployed women partially but not in total clothing involvement. 4. There were significant relationships between body cathexis and interest, perceived buying risk of clothing involvement partially. However, the correlation between body cathexis and total clothing involvement was relatively low.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.116-125
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• 2023

The present study sought to examine the association between an infant's anthropometric outcomes with maternal Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P) scores during the third trimester of pregnancy. This prospective cohort study was applying 130 pregnant women, at the pregnancy training center in west Tehran, Iran (November 2020 to July 2021). The maternal dietary intake, and body mass index (BMI), and social economic level were evaluated. The data about birth weight, birth height, head circumference, and, gestational age at birth were extracted from each child's health records. The ultimate sample included 122 (93.8%) pairs of women/newborn children. The participants, mean age was 28.13 ± 4.66 years with gestational age between 28 to 40 weeks and the mean of BMI was 24.62 ± 3.51. Our outcomes, after adjustment for confounding factors, suggested that those newborn infants in the highest quartile of maternal DII score had a significantly lower weight (p < 0.001) and height (p = 0.05), in comparison to those in the lowest quartile, but not head circumference (p = 0.18). Moreover, after adjustment for confounding factors, results suggested that those newborn infants in the First quartile of maternal AHEI-P score had a significantly lower weight (p = 0.018) and, in comparison to those in the higher quartile. It appears that newborn infants with lower maternal DII and higher AHEI-P scores may have a better anthropometric outcome. Further longitudinal and in-depth qualitative and quantitative studies, with a longer-term follow-up, is warranted to support the integrity of our outcomes.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.sup
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• pp.7-20
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze the mixing ratio of raw feed materials for the methane mitigation and also to identify the minimum rearing density for improving the productivity of beef calves as eco-friendly fodder. Raw materials used in this study for the formulation of feed for methane reduction were crushed corn and alfalfa along with other 21 species. In addition, to investigate the appropriate rearing density, 12 Hanwoo calves with average weight of 150 kg was selected and experiment was conducted for four months. Methane gas emission (Bo) is about 3-4 times less in TMR 4 compared to TMR 1, 2 and 3. Feed price calculated for TMR 4 ration was also affordable. In addition, all TMRs showed a normal ruminal pH. Disappearance rate was observed to be lower in TMR 4 as compared to TMR 1, 2 and 3, but methane production decreased by 24 to 37%. The result showed improved total body weight, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio in rearing low-density ($18m^2/head$), and general treatment ($9m^2/head$) compared to overcrowding treatment ($6m^2/head$). In addition, blood components (total protein, glucose, AST, ALT and GGT factors) involved in health and disease treatments and health-related nutrition metabolism are lower in the low-density and general treatment compared to the high density treatment. Postural development (development of body size) i.e., weight, height and width significantly increased in the low and general density treatment compared to high density treatment. Especially excellent improvement was observed in low-density treatment than the general treatment. Moisture content, colonic bacteria and coccidium are higher in low and high density treatments than in the general treatment. The adequacy for beef rearing density is considered to be more desirable in an area more than $6m^2/head$. In conclusion, present study suggests that possibility of methane reduction through adjusting mixed feed ration. Also, rearing density is also an important factor in the growth and development of beef calves.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2028-2031
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• 2005

This paper concerns stress distribution of the soft golf clubs using FEM. The identification of the stress distribution of the soft golf clubs used the finite element method using ABAQUS. The soft golf clubs which were designated is a new golf clubs to keep a good health for the elderly. To design the soft golf clubs, we concerns two main purpose ; First, our efforts concentrate to reduce the weight of the soft golf clubs. We considers the change of material and geometry of the golf club‘s head and shaft. Second, it is to increase the size and shape of 'sweet spot' of the soft golf club’s head face. To accomplish this purpose, we made the various type of the soft golf club's head. In this paper, we simulates putter models of the soft golf clubs. The pre-processing which generates the mesh of the model used HyperMesh with geometry data by CATIA ver 5.0 This paper compares the stress distribution of putter type which was loaded.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2019

The method to remove the head of the cast-in-place pile using the detonating cord and horizontal separation plate was proposed in this paper. Plain concrete block was fabricated. Through the blasting test of the concrete block, the charge weight and the burden required for cutting the pile head were identified. The degree of damage of concrete blocks after cutting the head was checked using AUTODYN 2D. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the concrete block was cut using the 10 g/m detonating cord and horizontal separation plate, and the directional cutting of the block using the horizontal separation plate and the block damage caused by the detonating cord were reduced.