• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.579-586
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• 2019

Pilot Point Method (PPM) is one of the popular methods to search hydraulic conductivities in the inverse method using groundwater flow equations. In this study, the Simultaneous Search based Pilot Point Method (SSBM) was applied with diverse information (e.g. hydraulic heads and/or tracer concentration) applications over previously developed sensitivity based Pilot Point Method (e.g. D-optimality based Pilot Point Method: DBM). In the case of DBM, due to the minimized the variance size, tracer concentration can be recognized as a tool to control the searching space of hydraulic conductivities. SSBM reduced the procedure of hydraulic conductivity searching, though it produced more variance for exploring hydraulic conductivities. In addition, SSBM was dependent on the initial hydraulic conductivity values for search finalized hydraulic conductivities. When tracer concentration was applied, searching hydraulic conductivities was more preferable than only when hydraulic head was applied. Applications of various data for searching hydraulic conductivities is recommended as a more efficient way.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.400-408
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• 2008

Multipurpose Dam, it produces electric energy by converting the potential energy into kinetic energy utilizing its head and quantity of the water. However, in this process, since during the time when the turbine connected to the hydraulic turbine generator revolves, there occurs a ceaseless loud noise, and due to this condition, it is true state that those people who work at inside of the power plant are damaging as hard as they are unable to concentrate on their work. Not only this, because the hydro-electric power generator room that locates at middle section between the hydraulic turbine room and the office is very large space volume, also since it was constructed chiefly by the reflecting material, it is functioning of amplify the noise when operating the generator, the soundproof measure against this condition is necessitated. On such viewpoint, I have presented the problem point of the relevant Hydraulic turbine dynamo and Hydraulic turbine dynamo room, and after improve such problem point, this study has ever investigated the satisfying degree about the noise-reduction at before and after of the improvement of soundproof measure, using the Auralizational technique that can experience virtual acoustic field. It is considering that such result could be utilized usefully as the fundamental material hereafter for the acoustic performance of the hydro-electric power generator room in dam and when its construction.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2021

Osteopetrosis refers to a group of genetic skeletal disorders characterized by osteosclerosis and fragile bones. Osteopetrosis can be classified into autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked forms, which might differ in clinical characteristics and disease severity. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis, also known as malignant osteopetrosis, has an earlier onset, more serious clinical symptoms, and is usually fatal. We encountered a 1-day-old girl who was born full-term via vaginal delivery, which was complicated by meconium-stained amniotic fluid, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and nuchal cord. Routine neonatal care was provided, in addition to blood tests and chest radiography to screen for sepsis, as well as skull radiography to rule out head injuries. Initial blood tests revealed hypocalcemia, which persisted on follow-up tests the next day. Radiographic examinations revealed diffusely increased bone density and a "space alien" appearance of the skull. Based on radiographic and laboratory findings, the infantile form of osteopetrosis was suspected and genetic testing for identification of the responsible gene. Eventually, a heterozygous mutation of the T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3 (TCIRG1) gene (c.292C>T) was identified, making this the first reported case of neonatal-onset malignant osteopetrosis with TCIRG1 mutation in South Korea. Early-onset hypocalcemia is common and usually results from prematurity, fetal growth restriction, maternal diabetes, perinatal asphyxia, and physiologic hypoparathyroidism. However, if hypocalcemia persists, we recommend considering 'infantile of osteopetrosis' as a rare cause of neonatal hypocalcemia and performing radiographic examinations to establish the diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.835-837
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• 2016

In this research, Detect viewpoint of the user in other to obtain the coordinates and provided obtain a corresponding stereo images of different positions, Provide a system which can be observed remotely break the spatial limits. For system configuration Designed with a physical action such as left and right movement and rotation of the head is the largest factor in human viewpoint change. Therefore, this system is calculated to analyze user viewpoint, Control system for providing three-dimensional images obtained, It is implemented in network communication for data transmission, As the user observed the object in the same space even though free to observe a target at a remote location, Obtaining a stereo image that corresponds to the viewpoint providing a three-dimensional image, We implemented a system that provides the same visual effect and directly observed.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of high-heels (HH) modification on metatarsal stress in female workers. Method: Seven females who work in clothing stores ($heights=160.4{\pm}3.9cm$; $weights=47.4{\pm}4.1kg$; $age=31.3{\pm}11.1yrs$; $HH\;wear\;career=8{\pm}6.5yrs$) wore two types of HH (original and modified). The modified HH had been grooved with 1.5 cm radius and 0.2 cm depth around the first metatarsal area inside of the shoes using the modified shoe-last. Participants were asked to walk for 15 minutes on a treadmill and to stand for 10 minutes with original and modified HH, respectively. Kinetics data were collected by the F-scan in-shoe system. After each test, participants were asked to rate their perceived exertion using the Borg's 15-grade RPE scale and interviewed about their feeling of HH. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and effect size (Cohen's d) were used to determine the difference of the variables of interest between the original and modified HH. Results: In the present study, modified HH of the peak contact pressure of 1st metatarsal (PCP) left, PCP right, pressure time integral (PTI) left, peak pressure gradient (PPG) left during standing and PPG right during walking are greater than original HH. And even it didn't show statistically significant, the average in all pressure values of modified HH showed bigger than original HH. It surmised to be related to awkward with modified HH. Even though they said to feel the comfortable cause of big space inside of HH in the interview, they seemed to be not enough time to adapt with new HH. So their walking and standing postures were unstable. Conclusion: Modified the fore-medial part of HH can reduce the stress in the first metatarsal head and big toe area during standing and walking.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.103-120
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• 2021

This study interprets Siberian shaman costumes from the perspective of Siberian shamanism's spiritual culture by combining theoretical and empirical studies. According to the natural environment and language families, the Siberian people are classified into the Altai, Tungus, Ural, and Paleo-Siberian groups. Se Yin's research classifies the spiritual culture of Siberian shamanism as cosmic, spiritual, and nature view. Eliade's research has divided Siberian shaman costumes into form, headdress, and ornament. According to the present study, shaman costume form and decoration reflect the Siberian three-tiered cosmic view, such that the shaman's head, body and feet correspond to the upperworld, middleworld and underworld. In addition, animism, totemism and ancestral worship appear in the shamanism's spiritual view. For example, the costume's form shows the totem of each tribe, while the costume accessories reflect animal worship, plant worship and ancestral worship. Finally, shamanism's nature view mainly manifests through three processes: personification, deification, and ethics. As an intermediary between man and the spirits, shaman use their clothing to reproduce the image of half man and half spirit. The shaman's costumes are deified and considered to have divine power. For example, the animals represented on the costume help the shaman travel through space. Generally, good animals help a shaman enter the upperworld, while animals that help a shaman enter the underworld are considered evil. Also, the number of hanging accessories represents the shaman's ability.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.460-468
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• 2021

A TBM is an equipment that excavates a tunnel with a full face by rotating a circular cutter head and its advantages are fast excavation rate and safe construction. A TBM, which is primarily used for tunnel excavation on civil construction sites, is easily adaptable to information and communication technology. Research related to unmanned and automated technology is being actively pursued. TBM applications for mining and energy resource development in other countries were investigated in this study. The difference of TBM applications between the mining and energy resource development and civil construction sites was examined. Technical factors such as geological conditions, depth, site access, TBM launching, alignment and inclination, TBM size, and others that should be considered when choosing a TBM were investigated. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of TBM application in mines and the technical requirements for TBM for successful mine application are summarized.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.193-198
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• 2022

Arthur Miller's play has been reproduced for a long time, and has been made into a film several times. Director Asghar Farhadi made a film set in Iran in the 21st century, showing the film (2017), which excludes "Death" from the original title. is not just a movie of . In , the play is summoned in the form of performing a play. There are many movies in this form, but is an exquisite fabrication so that the reality outside the play and the content in the play harmonize with each other. The play depicts the tragedy of the head of the family who falls at the end of the American dream. The movie transforms this tragedy into a conflict between a young couple living in Iran in the 21st century. In addition, is completed as an independent work that not only rearranged the space and characters of the original work, but also reinterpreted the meaning of death, creating the effect of media conversion such as theater and film.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.62-75
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• 2022

Background: Pollinators help plants to reproduce and support economically valuable food for humans and entire ecosystems. However, declines of pollinators along with population growth and increasing agricultural activities hamper this mutual interaction. Nectar and pollen are the major reward for pollinators and flower morphology and volatiles mediate the specialized plant-pollinator interactions. Limited information is available on the volatile profiles attractive to honey bees and bumblebees. In this study we analyzed the volatile organic compounds of the flowers of 9 different plant species that are predominantly visited by honey bees and bumblebees. The chemical compositions of the volatiles were determined using a head space gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, designed to understand the plant-pollinator chemical interaction. Results: Results showed the monoterpene 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E) (E-𝞫-ocimene) was the dominating compound in most flowers analyzed, e.g., in proportion of 60.3% in Lonicera japonica, 48.8% in Diospyros lotus, 38.4% Amorpha fruticosa and 23.7% in Robinia pseudoacacia. Ailanthus altissima exhibited other monoterpenes such as 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol (𝞫-linalool) (39.1%) and (5E)-3,5-dimethylocta-1,5,7-trien-3-ol (hotrienol) (32.1%) as predominant compounds. Nitrogen containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were occurring principally in Corydalis speciosa; 1H-pyrrole, 2,3-dimethyl- (50.0%) and pyrimidine, 2-methyl- (40.2%), and in Diospyros kaki; 1-triazene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl (40.5%). Ligustrum obtusifolium flower scent contains isopropoxycarbamic acid, ethyl ester (21.1%) and n-octane (13.4%) as major compounds. In Castanea crenata the preeminent compound is 1-phenylethanone (acetophenone) (46.7%). Conclusions: Olfactory cues are important for pollinators to locate their floral resources. Based on our results we conclude monoterpenes might be used as major chemical mediators attractive to both honey bees and bumblebees to their host flowers. However, the mode of action of these chemicals and possible synergistic effects for olfaction need further investigation.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-19
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to systemize the 'Eagi(理氣)' theory in Feng Shui which has been neglected in Korea because of its difficulties in the current Feng Shui theory and to make it easier to apply in the art of placement. The study also analysed the characteristics of the location of a sample village in terms of Feng Shui. Besides the placement analysis, the interpretation of the Yangtaek(陽宅) theory was analysed on the layout of the outdoor space of the building. As the initial step, various theories about Feng Shui were investigated. Based on those, the framework of the Feng Shui theory was summarized for application to the case study. Yangtaeksamyo(陽宅三要) was referred to for consideration of Feng Shui theory outside the residential buildings. At the same time, configurational analysis of the ground was carried out with the naked eye and actual measurements were taken using a specific compass(佩鐵). The results were summarized as follows : First, the 'Eagi' theory in Feng Shui, which finds a 'lucky site(穴)' selects the 'geomagnetic aspect(坐向)' by analyzing the natural forces of wind and water. In this theory, the aspect was regarded of most importance. 'Yangtaek Feng Shui (陽宅風水)' was the theory that people's ups and downs depends on the direction of the place where they live on, and was developed on the basis of 'I ching(周易)'. Second, the village and the house in the case study have been considered as lucky places from old times and this was equally verified by the 'Eagi (理氣)' theory and the "Yangtaek (陽宅)' theory.