• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2001

This study was conducted to identify the current status of occupational safety and health by checklist and to evaluate the airborne exposure to chemicals and to provide the appropriate recommendation for safety and health of laundries. A total of 20 laundries located in tile Gyungi district area were surveyed from July 20 to September 15, 2000. The prevalence of laundries having a stove and gas range were found to be 25 % and 55 %, respectively. Smoking is not allowed in 60 % of the laundries. Only 10 % of dry-cleaners were isolated. Ventilation systems in laundries had not been annually inspected. Most of the workers didn't put on respirators, MSDS were not available, and storage bottles did not contain warning labels. The bulk samples of dry cleaning agent include many chemicals that are not controlled by the MOL in Korea. The detected airborne organic solvents in the laundries were benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, perchloroethylene, and 2-butoxy ethanol. The airborne concentrations of organic solvents were much less than the occupational exposure limits proposed by the Ministry of Labor(MOL) in Korea. But the concentrations of benzene exceeded the TLV of ACGIH. This study showed that the current status of occupational safety and health was not appropriate for workers in laundries. It is recommended that laundry workers should be educated for the treatment and storage of hazardous organic solvents to improve the occupational safety and health of the working environment as well as MSDS usage. Also, extended research and survey for the organic solvents that are not controlled by the MOL has to be conducted.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

위험 유해물질(HNS)의 오염사고에 대한 대비 대응 및 협력에 관한 의정서(OPRE-HNS 의정서)가 2007년 6월에 국제적으로 발효됨에 따라, 동 의정서 가입시 직 간접적으로 관련 있는 산업계의 범위와 의정서 의무이행사항에 대한 범위를 설정하고 이들 산업계에 미치는 영향에 대하여 정성적으로 분석하였다. HNS를 운송하는 선사를 포함한 해운산업계는 정부의 승인을 받은 오염사고비상계획서를 비치하고 승조원에 대한 방제교육 훈련을 실시해야 하는 부담이 있으나 보험금 부담 감소의 효과가 있다. 정유 및 석유화학산업계는 HNS 방제기자재, 방제장비 등의 확보 비치 및 관리자에 대한 HNS 방제 교육 훈련 등의 비용부담이 발생하나 사고예방 및 신속한 사고처리로 인한 피해복구비용 절감과 HNS 협약 분담금 부담이 감소하며 대외 이미지가 향상되는 실익이 있다. 또한, 간접적으로 영향을 받는 환경 안전산업계, 화학산업계, 과학 기술산업계 및 교육 훈련산업분야는 방제장비 및 약제개발과 신규 교육프로그램 개설 등의 비용부담이 일부 있으나 향후 수입대체 및 수출증대 효과가 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.449-453
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 사업장에서 발생되는 지정폐기물 중 폐기물관리법상 규제되고 있는 유해물질류 7종의 함량 특성을 조사하였다. Cu, Pb 등과 같이 규제되고 있는 중금속의 배출 가능성이 높은 표본사업장을 선정하여 9개 업종, 90개 사업장에서 슬러지, 폐촉매 등 폐기물 종류별 시료 108건을 채취 분석하였다. 분석방법은 선진국의 분석방법을 토대로 제안한 함량시험방법으로 분석하였고 그 결과는 함량기준으로 관리하고 있는 오스트리아의 규제기준과 비교검토하였다. 그 결과 Cu는 모든 업종에서 비교적 높은 농도로 검출되었으며, 특히 코크스.석유정제품 제조업, 1차 금속산업, 전자부품, 영상, 음향 및 통신장비제조업에서 발생된 오니, 분진, 소각재 등의 폐기물이 오스트리아 기준 100 mg/kg 보다 높은 농도로 나타났다. Pb은 1차 금속산업에서 발생된 분진에서 높은 농도로 검출되었으며 총 크롬의 경우에는 상업분류코드 18, 19, 23 등에서 높은 농도로 나타났다. 또한 Cr(VI)을 분석한 결과, 봉제의복 및 모피 산업에서 발생된 분진에서 높은 농도를 나타나는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.150-156
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• 2018

As the types and usage of chemical increase, modern countries should protect their health and environment from the risk of hazardous chemical. Chemical accidents not only affect humans but also cause huge losses to the environment. Moreover, since its effects do not end in a short period of time, it is necessary to identify the extent of the damage and establish a prevention and response system in advance. In 2015, the Chemical Substances Management Act provided a system for assessing the impact on the people and the environment around the workplace. However, it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the impact on environmental factors such as vegetation and aquatic, with the current hazard assessment methods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the quantitative risk of environmental receptors. This study improved the existing risk assessment formula by using the environmental vulnerability index and established the end point concentration criterion which can estimate the damage range to environmental media. To verify the results of the study, a virtual accident scenario was selected and a case study was conducted. As a result, the extent of impact on the environmental medium can be calculated, and the degree of environmental risk of the zone can be quantified through the risk analysis considering the environmental vulnerability. This study is expected to increase the reliability of the reliability of the existing risk anaylsis method beacause it is a risk analysis method that can be applied when the environmental factors are absolutely necessary and when the residents and environment are complex.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1984

The hospital wastewaters have to be so disposed as to prevent disease and to protect water resources from hazardous substances disinfectants, medicines, and chemicals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex (povidone-iodine) is widely used in the hospital as one of disinfectants. This study was carried out to manifest the effect of disinfectants in growth of activated sludge in treatment of the hospital wastewater by the activated sludge process. The results are as follow. 1. An average water quality of the hospital wastewater showed 7.2 in pH, 3.2 ppm in DO, 293.3 ppm in SS, 96.0 ppm in BOD, 151.1 ppm in COD, 0.4 ppm in povidone-iodine, 0.5 ppm in phenols, 5.4 ppm in surfactants, 1.6 ppm in o-phosphate, 4.6 ppm in $NH_3-N, 249\times 10^4$ counts/100 ml in coliform group organisms, and $1,369\times 10^2$ counts/ml in general counts of bacteria. And wastewater amounts discharged per bed was calculated 70 l/d/bed. 2. In batch culture activated sludge process, each of cresol and povidone-iodine was not effected in less than 0.1 ppm concentration, but the more concentration, the more inhibit the growth rate of activated sludge. In the mixture of two disinfectants, the growth was more inhibited the effect of single disinfectants. So that this reaction is considered as addition effect of two disinfectants. 3. The removal rates of the disinfectants-by continuous culture activated sludge process were 77.6% in 0.4 ppm povidone-iodine, and in BOD was 85.6%. 4. It is desirable that the hospital wastewater is planed in order to be discharged to two system separately, sewer from life system and wastewater from medical system. From those results, it has been concluded that the hospital wastewater has to be treated safely by the activated sludge process.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2019

국내 화학물질 안전관리는 환경부의 화학물질관리법이 기본이 되어 관리되고 있다. 그 중에서도 취급시설의 설치 및 관리기준을 강화하여 관리하고 있는데, 타 법과의 상충, 시설 규모 및 물질 특성 미반영 등으로 인한 문제점들이 노출되었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 취급시설 기준 중 건축물 내화기준에 대해 보다 현실적이면서 합리적인 개선 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내 유사 화학물질 취급시설 안전관리 법령의 건축물 내화기준을 비교하였으며, 환경부 화학물질안전원 국민신문고를 통해 접수된 취급시설 기준 관련 민원 2220건 중 대표 민원 사례를 통해 주요 문제점을 파악하였다. 마지막으로 화학물질관리법상 취급시설의 규모와 물질의 종류를 구체화하여 건축물 내화기준을 적용하는 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 향후, 본 연구 결과는 환경 유해성을 고려한 화학물질관리법의 기본 취지에 부합하고, 산업계에도 현실적으로 적용될 수 있는 합리적인 기준마련에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 청정기술
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2003

CFC-113, 1,1,1-TCE는 오존파괴물질로 선진국에서는 이미 사용이 전면 규제되고 있고 MC, TCE는 유해성 또는 발암성물질로 판명되어 일부사업장에서 제한적으로 사용되고 있다. 그러므로 세정성이 좋고 환경/안전성이 우수한 대체세정제를 개발하여 사용하거나 기존 개발된 세정제 중에서 우수한 세정제를 선정하여 사용하는 것이 필요한 실정이다. 대체세정제로는 수계세정제가 환경성과 경제적면에서 유망한 것으로 평가받고 있어 많은 사업장에서 사용될 전망이다. 본 연구에서는 환경친화적인 수계세정제를 개발하기 위하여 수계세정제의 주요성분인 여러 형태의 계면활성제를 선정하여 이들의 물성, 거품성, 오염물 종류에 따른 세정성, 유수분리성을 평가하여 비교하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2020

본 연구는 건자재용 목재의 연기 유해성평가에 대하여 연기성능지수-II (SPI-II), 연기성장지수-II (SGI-II)를 중심으로 조사하였다. 시험편은 삼나무, 가문비나무, 나왕, 적송을 사용하였다. 연기 특성은 시험편 목재에 대하여 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1) 장비를 이용하여 조사하였다. 연소반응 후 측정된 연기성능지수-II는 적송을 기준으로 1.31~2.15배 증가하였다. 연기성능지수-II에 의한 화재위험성은 가문비나무, 나왕, 삼나무, 적송의 순서로 증가하였다. 연기성장지수-II는 삼나무를 기준으로 1.18~2.55배 증가하였다. 연기성장지수-II에 의한 화재위험성은 삼나무, 가문비나무, 나왕, 적송의 순서로 높아졌다. CO 평균농도는 59~133 ppm이었으며 이 결과는 미국직업안전위생관리국(occupational safety and health administration, OSHA)의 허용기준(permissible exposure limits, PEL)인 50 ppm 보다 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 적송과 같이 휘발성 유기물질을 다랑 함유한 목재는 연기성능지수-II가 낮고, 연기성장지수-II가 높으므로 화재로 인한 연기유해성이 높은 것으로 이해된다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2009

High-tech microelectronics industry is known as one of the most chemical-intensive industries. In Korea, Microelectronics industry occupied 38% of export and 16% of working employees work in microelectronics industry. But, chemical information and health hazards of high-tech microelectronics manufacturing are poorly understood because of rapid development and its penchant for secrecy. We need to investigate on chemical use and exposure control. We Site-visits to 6 high-tech microelectronics manufacturing company which have cleanroom work using over 1,000kg organic solvents (5 semi-conductor chips and its related parts company, 1 liquid crystal display (LCD)). We reviewed their data on chemical use and ventilation system, and measured TVOCs (Total Volatile Organic Compounds) and carbon dioxide concentration. All cleanroom air passed through hepa filters to acheive low particle levels and only 1 cleanroom uses carbon filters to minimize the organic solvents exposures In TVOC screening test, Cleanroom for semi-conductor chips and its related parts company with laminar down flow system (e.g. class 1~100) showed nondetectable level of TVOCs concentration, but Cleanroom for liquid crystal display (LCD) with conventional flow system (e.g. class 1,000~10,000) showed 327 ppm as TVOCs. Acetone concentration in cleanroom for Jig cleaning, LC Injection, Sealing processes were 18.488ppm (n=14), 49.762 ppm (n=15), 8.656 ppm (n=14) as arithmetric mean. Acetone concentration in cleanroom for LCD inspection process was 40ppm (n=55) as geometric mean, where the range was 7.8~128.7ppm and weakly correlated with ventilation rate efficiency(r=0.44, p<0.05). To control organic solvents in cleanrooms, chemical and carbon filters should be installed with hepa filters. Even though their volatile organic compounds concentration was not exceed to occupational exposure limits, considering of entrance limited cleanroom environment, long-term period exposure effects and adverse health effects of cleanroom worker need further reseach.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.53-68
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• 1992

Since 1962, Korea has made a remarkable progress with continuous success of Five-Year Economic Development Plans. Over the last 30 years, Korea has achieved a fast growth in various industries including heavy industry and chemical industry with rapid urbanization at the same time. The fast industrialization and urbanization brought about huge amount of hazardous/toxic substances and wastes. The environmental pollution problems have now emerged from regional concerns to overall social issues accordingly. The situation has come to a point where pollution control and environment preservation have become one of the nation's major policies. Following the recent Earth Summit of UNCED Conference held in Riode Janeiro in June 1992, where the topic was environmentally sound and sustainable development, awareness upon the importance of environmental preservation has been heightened globally, The environmental issues will gradually influence the international society more and more, politically as well as economically, The environmental pollution control industry in Korea started in the early 70's with the development of the nation's industrialization, As the people's awareness on pollution increases and environmental laws and enforcing regulations were established, demand for pollution control began to increase. The environmental pollution control business came to be recognized as an independent industry in the mid'70's. It should be evaluated properly that over the last 30 years, the Korean pollution control industry has supplied locally manufactured pollution control facilities to the increasing local demand. Concerning the quality and customer satisfaction, however, there are still many aspects which need to be improved compared with those of advanced countries. Although the start of the pollution control industry in Korea is just 10 to 15 years behind the advanced countries such as Japan and European countries, current gap in the environmental technology is rather considerable. And, studies should be made to find out the reasons for the current technology gap, and therefore, to implement solutions to improve the technology and competitiveness of the environmental pollution control industry in Korea.