• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.461-465
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• 2002

Nine microsatellite loci were analyzed in 84 random individuals to characterize the genetic variability of three domestic goat breeds found in Korea and China: Korean goat, Chinese goat and Saanen. Allele diversity, heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, F-statistics, indirect estimates of gene flow (Nm) and Nei's standard distances were calculated. Based on the expected mean heterozygosity, the lowest genetic diversity was exhibited in Korean goat ($H_E$=0.381), and the highest in Chinese goat ($H_E$=0.669). After corrections for multiple significance tests, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were statistically significant over all populations and loci, reflecting the deficiencies of heterozygotes (global $F_{IS}$=0.053). Based on pairwise FST and Nm between different breeds, there was a great genetic differentiation between Korean goat and the other two breeds, indicating that these breeds have been genetically subdivided. Similarly, individual clustering based on the proportion of shared alleles showed that Korean goat individuals formed a single cluster separated from the other two goat breeds.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2008

GENDISCAN study (Gene Discovery for Complex traits in Asian population of Northeast area) was designed to incorporate methodologies which enhance the power to identify genetic variations underlying complex disorders. Use of population isolates as the target population is a unique feather of this study. However, population isolates may have hidden inbreeding structures which can affect the validity of the study. To understand how this issue may affect results of GENDISCAN, we estimated inbreeding coefficients in two study populations in Mongolia. We analyzed the status of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), polymorphism information contents (PIC), heterozygosity, allelic diversity, and inbreeding coefficients, using 317 and 1,044 STR (short tandem repeat) markers in Orkhontuul and Dashbalbar populations. HWE assumptions were generally met in most markers (88.6% and 94.2% respectively), and single marker PIC ranged between 0.2 and 0.9. Inbreeding coefficients were estimated to be 0.0023 and 0.0021, which are small enough to assure that conventional genetic analysis would work without any specific modification. We concluded that the population isolates used in GENDISCAN study would not present significant inflation of type I errors from inbreeding effects in its gene discovery analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

To analyze genetic effects on milk production traits, 164 unrelated Italian Jersey cows reared in 15 farms located in Southern Italy were characterized at the growth hormone locus. Using a Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism protocol all three possible genotypes for the Leucine/Valine polymorphism were identified even if in the considered population the number of homozygous animals (Leucine/Leucine = 36; Valine/Valine = 28) was smaller than Leucine/Valine (n = 100) cows; the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was verified. Statistical analysis showed that daily milk yield in the Leucine/Leucine genotype was higher (p<0.01) than in Leucine/Valine (22.76 kg vs. 16.96 kg ); cows with Leucine/Valine genotype differed significantly from Leucine/Leucine and Valine/Valine genotypes particularly in fat (4.95% vs. 4.13% and 4.82%, respectively) and protein content (4.00% vs. 3.47% and 3.79%, respectively). No significant effect on lactation length was observed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.763-767
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• 2014

Aim: To study the contribution of genetic variation in RAD51 to risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RAD51 (rs1801320, rs4144242 and rs4417527) were genotyped in 316 ESCC patients and 316 healthy controls in Anyang area of China using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Demographic variables between cases and controls were statistically compared by T test and Chi-square test. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evaluated by the Chi-square test. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to measure any association with ESCC. Haplotype frequencies were estimated by Phase 2.1. Result: The genotype frequencies of rs1801320, rs4144242 and rs4417527 in patients with ESCC demonstrated no significant differences from those in control group (P>0.05). When the haplotypes of these three SNPs were constructed and their relationships with ESCC risk investigated, however, CGG was observed to increase the risk (P=0.020, OR=2.289). Conclusions: There was no association between the three SNPs of RAD51 and ESCC susceptibility in our Chinese population. However, the CGG haplotype might be a risk factor.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2013

Microsatellite markers are important for gene mapping and for marker-assisted selection. Sixty-five polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed with an enriched partial genomic library from olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus an important commercial fish species in Korea. The variability of these markers was tested in 30 individuals collected from the East Sea (Korea). The number of alleles for each locus ranged from 2 to 33 (mean, 17.1). Observed and expected heterozygosity as well as polymorphism information content varied from 0.313 to 1.000 (mean, 0.788), from 0.323 to 0.977 (mean, 0.820), and from 0.277 to 0.960 (mean, 0.787), respectively. Nine loci showed significant deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after sequential Bonferroni correction. Analysis with MICROCHECKER suggested the presence of null alleles at five of these loci with estimated null allele frequencies of 0.126-0.285. These new microsatellite markers from genomic libraries will be useful for constructing a P. olivaceus linkage map.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 1995

Raphanus sativus L. var. hortensis f. raphanistroides (wild radish: Brassicaceae), a herbaceous perennial, occurs only on beaches in East Asia. Genetic diversity and population structure of seven Korean populations were investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Although the Korean populatins are small, isolated with patchy distribution, the population maintain a moderate level of genetic diversity; the mean percentage fo polymorphic loci was 51.4%, mean number of alleles per locus was 1.84, and mean expected heterozygosity was 0.116. A combination of animal-outcrossing breeding system, wide geographical distribution, restricted ecological distribution, and a propensity for high fecundity may in part be explanatory factors contributing the moderate level of genetic diversity within populations. An overall excess of homozygotes relative to Hardy-Weinberg expetations (mean FISa=0.116) indicates that consanguineous mating occur within wild radish populations, leading to a family structure within a circumscribed area. Although population of wild radish experience a limited gene flow, only 5% of the total genetic variation found in Korean wild radish populations examined is due to differences among populations (mean GST=0.052). This value is considerably lower than the mean values of species with similar life history and ecological characteristics. However, significant differences were found in allele frequencies between populations for all polymorphic loci (P<0.01). It is supposed that directional selection toward genetic uniformity (similar gene frequencies) in a relatively homogenous habitat is thought to be operated among Korean wild radish populations.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2001

네 가지 다형 동위효소를 이용하여 야외 월동세대의 배추좀나방(Plutella xylostella(Linne))의 집단 유전분석이 실시되었다. 세 지역 (안동, 영천, 양산)의 야외집단들은 모든 동위효소 유전좌위에서 서로 다른 대립유전자빈도를 보였다. 특히 두 동위효소(acid phosphatase and phosphoglucomutase)에서 나타나는 유전자 빈도의 불균형은 집단간에 임의교배가 이루어져 있지 않음을 나타냈다. 추정된 집단간 Nei의 유전거리는 0.0151(양산집단과 영천집단)에서 0.0877(안동집단과 영천집단)까지 다양했다. 기존의 배추좀나방 야외집단들의 유전거리 추정치에 비해 이러한 월동 초기세대들이 보인 다소 높은 유전분화는 이들 집단이 월동과정중 지역적 환경요인에 따른 상이한 도태압이 작용하여 유전적 병목현상이 초래되었음을 내포한다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2000

Essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease, and has been shown to be associated with insulin resistance. The relationship between the genetic variation of the insulin receptor (INSR) gene and essential hypertension In Korean population was investigated by the Nsi 1 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of this gene. The observed genotype frequencies of INSR gene were not deviated from those expected for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), but a significant association was observed between essential hypertension and N1 allele of Nsi 1 RFLP at the INSR gene ($X^2$-test; P<0.05). Moreover, the frequency of N1 allele was significantly different between normotensives and essential hypertensives in subgroups that were not obese ($X^2$-test; P<0.05). These data suggest that the Nsil RFLP of INSR gene may be a useful genetic marker for essential hypertension in Korean population.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.530-539
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• 2007

Genetic variation and structure of 9 subpopulations of Symplocarpus renifolius Schott ex Tzvelev on Mt. Cheonma, in Korea, were determined via starch-gel electrophoresis. The genetic diversity at 10 loci for 8 isozymes ($P_{99}=66%,\;A=2.26,\;H_o=0.212,\;H_e=0.230$) was found to be considerably higher than that seen in other long-lived perennial plants. On the whole, the genotype frequencies were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Approximately 5%($\theta=0.049$) of the total variability was among subpopulations. The high levels of observed genetic diversity in S. renifolius were attributed to a universal outcrossing system and other specific factors like differences in age classes and widely scattered individuals around the main distribution. Heterozygosity was highest at a mid-range of elevation($450m{\sim}600m$). The lowest heterozygosity at lower elevation was attributed to the possible origin of seeds transported by water from upstream regions during the monsoon season. Spatial structure in a subpopulation evidenced a strong autocorrelation between closer individuals within $3{\sim}4m$ of distance. This was assumed to be attributable to the restricted seed dispersal characteristics of S. renifolius. In accordance with the findings generated in this study, some implications regarding the conservation of S. renifolius at the Mt. Cheonma were also presented.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.25.1-25.6
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the association of POU1F1 (POU domain, class 1, transcription factor 1, Pit1, renamed as POU1F1) gene with backfat thickness (mm), carcass weight (kg), pH, and color values ($L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$) in crossbred pigs (Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire ${\times}$ Duroc). Frequency of the AA genotype indel was at the highest level (66.67%). Frequency of A allele (0.81) was higher than that of b allele (0.19). This population followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Carcass weights and $a^*$ values of the three genotypes were all significantly different (p < 0.05), respectively. However, backfat thickness, $L^*$, $b^*$, visual color, and pH of the three genotypes were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Visual color was negatively correlated with $L^*$ (r = -0.521) and $b^*$ (r = -0.390) values, $L^*$ value was correlated with $b^*$ (r = 0.419) value, and $a^*$ value was positively correlated with $b^*$ (r = 0.612) value. These results indicate that the POU1F1 gene affected carcass weight and meat redness.