• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2006

Hairdressers may be exposed to many chemicals from hair dye, permanent, shampoo, hair spray and so on. The study was conducted to evaluate occupational exposure to 8 chemicals (isopropanol, ethanol, xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, acetone, ammonia and formaldehyde) for workers and levels of these materials in airborne of a hairdressing salon. Since compared to ACGIH TLVs these 8 chemicals were very low, it is thought that there has no problem to occupational exposure to these chemicals. Even if hairdressing salon is not enforced on Korean Standards for Indoor Air Quality, level of TOVC was thought to be below the standards. At the aspect of indoor air quality formaldehyde needs to be controlled in the future. The results imply that emission of isopropanol, ethanol, acetone and ammonia are related with hairdressing job, but emission of xylene, toluene and ehtylbenzene is more related with traditional indoor air pollution than hairdressing job. Sources of formaldehyde is thought to be little related with hairdressing job. HVAC system was a little effective on general ventilation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive age, service quality, and consumer satisfaction on repurchase intention according to silvers' lifestyle types in the hairdressing shop. Data were obtained from 853 women in the 50's and 60's who living in Busan. Data were analyzed by factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, cluster analysis and path analysis using SPSS WIN 12.0 and LISREL 8.53. The results of the study were as follows: First. silver consumers were classified by the lifestyle into the Active self-fidelitist, Economy family-oriented, and Passive-stagnant. Service quality of hairdressing shop were consisted of Personal Service, Facilities Service, Skill Service, and Policy Service. Second, according to silvers' lifestyle types, repurchasing intention was differently influenced by cognitive age, perceived store service quality, and consumer satisfaction when hairdressing services. Hairdressers were the most important variable for silver consumers' satisfaction, which influenced the repurchase intention of hairdressing services.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to research Miao ethnic costume which have been distinctly expressed differences according tribes and areas, present fashion design reflecting image of Miao ethnic costume. Two steps was taken in order to achive this purpose. The first step was to put in order formative characteristics of Miao ethnic costume being based on the Chinese books and domestic research materials. The second step was to study formative characteristics of Miao ethnic costume in comparison 2000A/W fashion trend, illustrate and schematize fashion designs. The results of formative characteristics of Miao ethnic costume are summarized as follows 1. X or H silhouette through skirt & jacket and pants & jacket. 2. Layered look that been twisted around several items. 3. Fine pleats skirts. 4. Refined and splendid color. Black was used main color, dark blue & red purple were used coordi color, vivid color were used accent color 5. Geometrical pattern, cross stitch embroidery. 6. Various ornaments being used silver. 7. Various hair styles and hairdressers. Using above characteristics, this study presneted fusion fashion design combined images of ethnic and techno with dark blue, mustard, blue purple. The target was Forties, professional woman.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2019

This study comparatively analyzed hair bleaching and degree of damage by the temperature of a heating tool after coloring hair with a permanent, semi-permanent or plant hair dye. According to analysis by spectrophotometer, 'semi-permanent hair dye' was the highest, followed by 'permanent hair dye' and 'plant hair dye' in terms of changes in $L^*$ values. In terms of changes in hair shape when analyzed using FE-SEM, 'semi-permanent hair dye($150^{\circ}C$ or lower)' was the greatest, followed by 'plant hair dye($180^{\circ}C$ or lower)' and 'permanent hair dye($200^{\circ}C$ or lower)'. Therefore, it is reasonable to flat iron hair at low temperature. According to the test, amino acid values gradually decreased in both bleached and colored hair. The results obtained through TGA-based thermal analysis confirmed that as brightness increases, hair moisture contents decrease. This study aimed to protect hair by suggesting a correct use of a flat iron by the hair dye type during hair coloring. It appears that the study results would help hairdressers minimize hair damage by using a hair dye at proper temperature.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.161-165
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• 2019

Cysteamine has been used in cosmetics as an antioxidant, a hair straightening agent, and a hair waving agent. However, recent studies indicate that cysteamine can act as an allergen to hairdressers. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple and effective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the measurement of cysteamine and its dimer, cystamine. Sodium 1-heptanesulfonate (NaHpSO) was used as an ion-pairing agent to improve chromatographic performance. Separation was performed on a Gemini C18 column ($250mm{\times}4.6mm$, $5{\mu}m$ particle size) using a mobile phase composed of 85:15 (v/v) 4 mM NaHpSO in 0.1% phosphoric acid:acetonitrile. UV absorbance was monitored at 215 nm. The RP-HPLC method developed in this study was validated for specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, precision, accuracy, and recovery. Cysteamine and cystamine were chromatographically resolved from other reducing agents such as thioglycolic acid and cysteine. Extraction using water and chloroform resulted in the recovery for cysteamine and cystamine ranging from 100.2-102.7% and 90.6-98.7%, respectively. This validated RP-HPLC method would be useful for quality control and monitoring of cysteamine and cystamine in cosmetics.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

This study investigated up-styling techniques as related to wedding dress image. To find up-styles that fit well with a wedding dress, a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting hairdressers in the beauty industry, and new styles were created and suggested based on the survey results. For this, hair was slicked back without parting and combed upward. Then, using braiding techniques needed to produce a top point, styles were created to create attractive images. For up-styles that go with an elegant wedding dress, hair was parted in a ratio of 3 : 7. In addition, a roll technique was applied based on natural points by keeping the ears half-covered to create elegance. For up-styles that are perfect for a classic wedding dress, hair was parted in a ratio of 2 : 8, keeping the ears half-covered. Based on the back point, a twisting technique was applied to create classic images. It is anticipated that the study results would provide basic data needed for creating and understanding up-styles that go with various wedding dress images and make a contribution to their development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.3 s.3
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• pp.11-23
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• 2005

This never-ending changes and everlasting challenges under the industrial circumstances induce us to compete against survival or selection. We accordingly need to take steps in order to survive excessive competitions by the various differentiated strategies in Beauty and Cosmetology markets. The purpose of this study aims for making the best use of this actual proof which enables the effective customer management and managerial things of beauty shop through theoretical contemplation in all aspects of managerial beauty shop and the reason why the customers give the second visit(revisit) or choosing the shop again(coming again) by demographic characteristics. The method of this study was surveying 200 re-visited customers at the same beauty shop in GwangJu Metropolitan city for a whole year by questionnaire regarding the correlation between revisiting of the same beauty shop and demographic characteristics. After surveying, we coded these questionnaires finding out its distribution(range) by SPSS statistical package with Frequency Analysis in response to demographic characteristics and also performed ANOVA and Regression. In brief, there is big difference between men and women which explains the second visiting(revisit) originates in technical fact; hair protection. Most women have paid great attention to their hair protection while men mostly have ignored. However, men attached themselves to the hairdressers' appearances and the distance from their house to the beauty shop which did not mean a lot to women. Beside s, there were many differentiation in accordance with marital status, age, education and their business. With this study, we easily generalize the fact that customers revisit a beauty shop not because of beauty shop facilities but because of human interests.?Beautician's service has certain specialties which show the interaction between customer and beautician in the field. Now we can come to this conclusion that we need to endeavor to develop the service spirit and employees' welfare. Their attitudes towards job satisfaction go well with customer ' s satisfaction in this way.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.20 no.4 s.58
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

This study was designed to provide basic data on preventive plans by affecting factors that have analysed on musculoskeletal diseases. The survey were conducted from July 1 to 30, 2004 among 600 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gwangju using self-administration questionnaire. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The pain experience rate of musculoskeletal diseases. in the last one year was $55.2\%,\;35.7\%$ of respondents answered they had pain on shoulders, $30.6\%$ had pain on legs and feet, $28.9\%$ had pain on waist, $26.8\%$ had hands, fingers and wrist, $22.3\%$ had pain on necks and $17.6\%$ had pain arms and elbows more than disease on necks, shoulders, arms and elbows, hands, fingers and wrists, waist, shoulders legs and feet. The prevalence rate of the last week was $40.3\%$. The prevalence rate in each body parts of the last week was $23.3\%$ on legs and feet, $21.2\%$ on shoulders, $20.8\%$ on waist, $14.9\%$ on hands, fingers and wrists, $14.4\%$ on necks, $9.3\%$ on arms. Based on the results above, working posture, job stress and physical burden from task are highly related with pain. In order to prevent musculoskeletal disease of hairdressers, working posture shall be improved and leisure opportunities to relieve stress, and health management education shall be provided.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.60
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• pp.57-68
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• 2006

This study was designed to provide basic data on preventive plans by affecting factors that have analysed on musculoskeletal diseases. The survey were conducted from July 1 to 30, 2004 among 600 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gwangju using self-administration questionnaire. The results of this study are summarized as follows: The pain experience rate of musculoskeletal diseases. in the last one yea was 55.2%. 35.7% of respondents answered they had pain on shoulders, 30.6% had pain on legs and feet, 28.9% had pain on waist, 26.8% had hands, fingers and wrist, 22.3% had pain on necks and 17.6% had pain arms and elbows more than disease on necks, shoulders, arms and elbows, hands, fingers and wrists, waist, shoulders legs and feet. The prevalence rate of the last week was 40.3%. The prevalence rate in each body parts of the last week was 23.3% on legs and feet, 21.2% on shoulders, 20.8% on waist, 14.9% on hands, fingers and wrists, 14.4% on necks, 9.3% on arms. The affecting factors on musculoskeletal disease index were analysed by multiple linear regression analysis. there are working posture$(\beta=0.27)$; authority of task$(\beta=0.18)$, self-conscious stress $(\beta=0.16)$, age$(\beta=0.14)$, physical burden from work$(\beta=0.13)$, and task required$(\beta=0.10)$. Determinant coefficients was 22.7%. Based on the results above, working posture, job stress and physical burden from task are highly related with pain. In order to prevent musculoskeletal disease of hairdressers, working posture shall be improved and leisure opportunities to relieve stress, and health management education shall be provided.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.819-825
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• 2022

As the importance of national technical qualifications for hairdressers to verify qualifications and skills as a professional is increasing, it is time to improve achievement motivation and job attitudes through research on job attitudes perceived by hair designers toward hair practical tasks. As a result of studying the effect on the job attitude of a hairstylist working in a hair salon, it was found that blow-drying induced the hairstylist's job efficacy among the practical tasks for the hairdresser's hair national technology certification, and scalp scaling and shampoo were the job of the hairstylist. was found to induce satisfaction. Based on the research results, it is possible to present a variety of practical certification tasks with practicality that can be usefully applied to customers in various techniques in the beauty industry, rather than unrealistic practical techniques limited only to wigs. We want to induce improvement. In addition, I believe that this study will provide basic data for the development of various practical tasks to improve the achievement motivation of hair designers.