• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2008

To study of the rate of damage and morphological change when apply perm and dye according to kinds of curly hair, measured the thickness of hair and divided the samples into groups. Measured the chromaticity and thickness according to kinds of curly hair and chemical treatment with Spectrum colormeter and Micrometer. Measured the tensile strength of hair then calculated the damage rate. After tensile test, took photographs of the section and surface with the electron microscope.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2015

This study aims to propose a method to reduce hair damage after investigating the following: the factors which vary depending on hair treatment conditions; the degree of hair damage in the bleached sample; and an analysis of the effects of a perm on wave formation. To determine the effects of these treatment types, hair bleach was mixed with the hair treatment, and hair damage and formation of permanent waves were examined. Using a scanning electron microscope, in addition, morphological changes were analyzed and the following results were obtained: After mixing natural powder(2.5g) and hair cream(2.5g) and bleaching the mixture, it was compared to the scale structure of untreated hair. When 5g of natural powder was mixed and bleached, a clear layer was observed among cuticle scales, showing the effects of hair treatment. Therefore, this confirms that the effects of hair treatment were most notable when grain powder was mixed with hair cream. Once hair is damaged, it is almost impossible to regain its original state. When chemical agents are used, therefore, it is important to consider the possible hair damage they cause.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2004

Hair is based upon the skin which enroll the body of high living animals and have multiple membrane structure. This study were used rats and carried out to find out the effects of commercial permanent wave products to skin which are composed of thioglycolic acid and bases. Results were as follows. Permanent wave penetrated to 3 hours later with steady state in skins and was not significant changeable after 20hr later. In case of neutralizer with thioglycolic acid lag time and permeability coefficient in healthy skin were 3.38hr and 0.96$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr, in old skin were 3.14hr and 0.l28$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr, and in wounded skin were 3.08hr and 0.157$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/hr. In conclusion, lag time and permeability coefficient in old skin and wounded skin were faster than healthy skin. In vivo which was studied by general time and method of permanent wave. We found out that fine rinkle and rash of skin were changeable in the case of treating with permanent wave drugs than normal skin. Also, permanent wave drugs could induced rash and eruption at the skin by the naked eye.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.103-116
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 여대생을 대상으로 모발미용 관리 및 그 형태와 여대생의 모발 화장품 선호도 및 선호브랜드 분석을 통해 미용산업 발전의 기초 자료를 얻기 위한 목적을 가지고 서울, 경기 지역 소재 여대생을 대상으로 연구하였다. 여대생들의 모발 미용에 대한 일반적인 지식, 이해수준 및 관심도에 있어 현재 ‘염색모, 탈색모’ 형태가 49.1％로 가장 많았고, ‘퍼머넨트모’ 형태를 유지하는 경우가 39％로 나타났다. 모발 미용관련 시술에 대한 관심이 놀고 이를 직접 시도하는 경우도 많음을 알 수 있었다. 미용실에서 행하는 모발 염색, 탈색, 퍼머넌트 등을 통한 부자용 발생 시 대처 방법 및 관리에 대한 형태에 있어서는 여러 미용시술 가운데 먼저 퍼머넨트 후 불만족이나 부작용을 경험한 내용에 있어, 불만족이나 부작용 유경험자가 전체 응답자의 74.7％에 이른다 응답자들이 경험한 불만족의 내용은 ‘모발손상’이 42.4％로 가장 많고 ‘스타일 불만족’이 19.8％로 그 뒤를 잇고 있다. 본 연구 결과로 여대생들은 모발미용에 대한 다양한 관심을 가지고 있으나, 모발미용 관리와 관련한 지식에서 충분한 정보가 미흡함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 여대생들의 다양화 되어가는 미적 욕구 충족에 부응하는 세분화된 모발화장품과 정확한 모발 관리를 위한 교육이 필요하며, 모발미용에 대한 올바른 정보 제공이 요구되어진다.

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2004

This study is to measure the heavy metal content of permanent wave products which on marketing correctly as estimating the extent of exposure by a hair permanent wave scientifically. We would like to prevent an affair from arising health obstruction as to the heavy metal who is using those and also show the basic data for proposing the new standard. The results were as follows.: in case of the average heavy metal content for a wave type thioglycol acid ingredient includes 1.61ppm(Pb), 0.03ppm(Cd), 0.05ppm(Ni), 0.27ppm(Mn), 0.82ppm(Cu) and those were recognized the significant gap between products all the heavy metals. In case of a cysteine acid ingredient includes 0.86ppm(Pb), 0.01ppm(Cd), 0.05ppm(Ni), 0.20ppm(Mn) and 0.66ppm(Cu) and those were recognized the significant gap between products except a nickel. Straight type of permanent wave reductant includes 2.11ppm(Pb), 0.01ppm(Cd), 0.27ppm(Ni), 0.66ppm(Mn), 2.53ppm(Cu) and those were recognized the significant gap between products all the heavy metals. Permanent wave reducing agent includes 1.43ppm(Pb), 0.01ppm(Cd), 0.09ppm(Ni), 0.66ppm(Mn), 0.75ppm(Cu) and those were approved the significant gap between products except a cadmium. Exposure level of the heavy metal contents per onetime permanent waving were 242.3ppm(Pb), 2.5ppm(Cd), 17.7ppm(Ni), 89.0ppm(Mn), 174.7ppm(Cu).

• 한국패션뷰티학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

Hair is the part of body which expresses man into more manlike. When we create some artworks, we need the most suitable material for the artworks. Similarity, the healthy scalp hair condition and treatment are required to keep our hair clean and healthy. And the improper condition of scalp hair prohibits our hair from normal growing, proceeds the alopecia(loss of hair) and double our physical and mental stresses. The necessity of health treatment of scalp hair which was damaged by frequent permanent hair wave and hair coloring is on the rise. This study will present how to control and treat the scalp hair and will check how we feel about the necessity of scalp hair treatment. This study finally shows that people think their scalp hair conditions are not normal and chemically treated hair in spite of their natural hair. However, most people think that the scalp hair treatment is very useful to their hair and this result enables us to predict the future market of the scalp hair treatment business will be growing day by day. We need to study further not only scalp hair treatment but also prevention stage in order to keep the healthy hair and will check how we feel about the necessity of scalp hair treatment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2014

This study has attempted to figure out the effects of the surface heat of perm rods on hair. For this, after forming perm waves, hair damage and its causes have been investigated with a different hair bleach method. If hair was bleached immediately without shampooing after a perm using the heat of rods, great perm waves were formed. However, severe damage was found on the hair because of the heated rods. In addition, when hair was shampooed and dried after the perm, hair bleach was more effective. It has been confirmed that hair was damaged because of high temperature of the surface of the rods. In fact, the heated rods had a direct effect on hair damage. According to these results, it has been confirmed that heat-based perms can accelerate hair damage. Therefore, it is necessary to perform a study on the minimization of the heating of permanent tools.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.60-76
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• 2009

Expression of woman characters in fusion traditional dramas plays a role of making the progress of dramas not bigoted and new. Especially, woman characters have a high weight as a heroine by an increase in their image in fusion traditional dramas. Expression of characters harmonizing modern with tradition has also given a help in reflecting a trend of the present times. Hair style and face makeup of woman characters in fusion traditional dramas are in the process of fusionization getting an effect from postmodernism. They are expressing the hair style of symbolization modern elements of hair style to traditional hair styles. They also expressed a neutral image with faded hair styles in the shaggy cut style and dye of neoplaticism. Neo-hippie style was changed into the style of naturalism and nationalism and the hair style braided in various branches as the one of Indians was changed into a primitive and national feature. It is producing a new style by permitting even a long-hair permanent wave hair style. Expression of straight hair style, a long-hair shaggy & bulging wave style and a hair style of neoplaticism, was distinguished. In the side of face makeup, they expressed its luxurious and splendid style by attaching great importance to its luster and are exposing images of characters by a smoky makeup emphasizing eye lines. Their face makeup was almost never separated from present dramas as using pearl shadow in a glossy lips makeup and color, which made it possible to express it more dramatically in fusion traditional dramas than in present dramas. In the event of the makeup element of fusion traditional dramas permitting diversity, the character makeup of fusion traditional dramas made a foundation to show people diverse elements of makeup by mix & match a present elements and past elements of historical research, which made it possible to express a unique makeup or a special makeup. Diverse makeup expressions were limited by reflection of illumination even in the existing videos. Therefore, 'Fusion' made it possible to express it more freely in fusion traditional dramas than in present dramas.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.254-258
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• 2019

건강하고 아름다운 모발을 보호하기 위해 펌 제에 알로에 추출물을 첨가해 모발보호 효과를 알아보고자 한다. 처치 군은 그룹 II(파마 약만 사용한 그룹), 그룹 III(알로에 추출물을 1제에만 첨가), 그룹 IV(알로에 추출물을 2제에만 첨가), 그룹 V(알로에 추출물을 1제와 2제에 첨가)로 나누어 진다. 실험 모발은 1년간 영구 염색 등 화학치료를 받지 않은 20대, 30대, 40대 여성의 모발에서 채취해 100% 알로에 추출용액을 사용한다. 머리카락 굵기와 큐티클, 인장강도, 신장 및 연신율을 측정하기 위해 실험 환경은 28.9도, 습도는 72%로 유지했다. 모든 통계 시험은 5% 유의수준에서 수행되었다. 큐티클, 연신율, 형성률이 현저히 향상되었고(P<.05) 큐티클은 그룹 V에서, 연신율은 그룹 III에서 가장 좋았다. 결론적으로 파마 치료에 첨가된 알로에는 큐티클, 신장률, 모발 형성에 효과적이었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.915-929
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 천연헤나 처리 후 펌(permanent wave)을 시술하여 모발의 손상도 및 형태학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 방법은 아미노산분석, 주사현미경측정에 의한 모발의 두께와 표면관찰, 모발의 컬 형성력과 지속력, 메틸렌블루 염색법, 인장강도와 신장률을 측정하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 아미노산 총량은 천연헤나 처리횟수가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 모발 보호 효과가 있을 것으로 보인다. 컬 형성력은 대조군에 비해 천연헤나 처리 횟수가 증가할수록 컬은 탄력이 있었다. 지속력은 대조군과 실험군 모두 샴푸 횟수가 많을수록 (C)와 (C)' 길이의 늘어짐이 증가하여 지속력이 감소하였으며, 주사전자현미경에 의한 모발의 두께는 대조군(Control)에 비해 실험군 모두 천연헤나처리 후 모발의 두께가 굵어졌다. 표면의 형태적 관찰에서는 실험군 모두 모발의 표면이 대체적으로 깨끗하고 큐티클 층이 잘 정돈되어 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 메틸렌블루염색법에서는 천연헤나처리 횟수가 증가할수록 흡광도 값은 증가하였다. 인장강도는 대조군에 비해 실험군 모두 인장강도가 감소하였으며, 신장률은 천연 헤나 처리횟수가 증가할수록 실험군의 신장률이 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 천연헤나 처리횟수가 증가할수록 모발의 두께가 굵어졌고, 모발의 컬 형성력과 지속력이 높아졌으며, 모발에 탄력성과 유연성을 부여함으로서 모발 손상을 완화 시킬 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구의 천연헤나 시술법은 염색과 펌의 잦은 화학시술로 인한 고객의 손상된 모발을 관리하고, 미용산업 현장에 올바른 시술방법 제안으로 두피와 모발손상을 줄이는데 기초자료로 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.