• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.155-164
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• 2012

It is well established that blocking the interaction of EGFR with growth factors leads to the arrest of tumor growth, resulting in tumor cell death. ER414 is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) derived by guided selection of the mouse mAb A13. The ER414 exhibited a ~17-fold lower affinity and, as a result, lower efficacy of inhibition of the EGF-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR when compared with mAb A13 and cetuximab. We performed a stepwise in vitro affinity maturation to improve the affinity of ER414. We obtained a 3D model of ER414 to identify the amino acids in the CDRs that needed to be mutated. Clones were selected from the phage library with randomized amino acids in the CDRs and substitution of amino acids in the HCDR3 and LCDR1 of ER414 led to improved affinity. A clone, H3-14, with a ~20-fold increased affinity, was selected from the HCDR3 randomized library. Then three clones, ER2, ER78 and ER79, were selected from the LCDR1 randomized library based on the H3-14 but did not show further increased affinities compared to that of H3-14. Of the three, ER2 was chosen for further characterization due to its better expression than others. We successfully performed affinity maturation of ER414 and obtained antibodies with a similar affinity as cetuximab. And antibody from an affinity maturation inhibits the EGF-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR in a manner similar to cetuximab.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.83-92
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• 2020

In the anterior maxillary area, dental implants for tooth replacement are challenging due to the need to satisfy high esthetic level as well as functionality. Immediate implant placement and provisionalization can dramatically reduce the edentulous period, and then fulfill patient's demand for esthetics. The aim of present case report is to demonstrate two cases that successfully restored single tooth with immediate implant placement and provisionalization in the anterior maxillary area. A 47 years old female was scheduled to replace her maxillary right central incisor due to crown-root fracture by trauma. Another 54-year-old female was planned to place dental implant following tooth extraction of maxillary right lateral incisor owing to continuous pus discharge despite repetitive treatments including apicoectomy. In these two cases, surgical and prosthetic procedures progressed in a similar way. After minimal flap elevation, atraumatic tooth extraction was performed. Implant was placed in proper 3-dimensional position and angulation with primary stability. Bone graft or guided bone regeneration for peri-implant bone defect was conducted simultaneously. Provisionalization without occlusal loading was carried out at the same day. Each definitive crown was delivered at 7 and 5 months after the surgery. Two cases have been followed uneventfully for 2 to 5 years of loading time. In conclusion, Immediate implant placement and provisionalization could lead to esthetic outcome for single tooth replacement with dental implant under proper case selection.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.7-8
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• 1994

최근 들어 원자재, 재공품 또는 완제품을 신속하고 정확하게 공급/배분하기 위해 저장과 인출을 담당하는 Material Handling System을 이용하여 작업자의 개입요소를 줄이며, 제고관리 Computer를 이용하여 입고/출고 명령을 유효적절하게 처리하는 ASRS(Atomated Storage and Retreival System : 자동창고 시스템)가 널리 공급되고 있다. 중앙은행의 현금창고, 병원의 약품창고, 식품/화장품 회사의 배송창고, 군수물자의 군납창고에 이르기까지 물품의 저장 또는 공급의 필용성을 갖는 곳에서는 어디든지 찾아볼 수 있는 ASRS는 가깝게는 관공소나 대형빌딩의 주차장에도 이의 개념이 도입되어 사용됨을 볼 수 있다. 최근의 인금인상, 구인난등의 이유로 ASRS설치는 계속 증가할 추세에 있으나 자동 창고 시스템을 설치하기 위해서는 막대한 초기 투자가 필요하며 시스템의 설계 및 설치후 운영에 대한 연구가 반드시 필요하다. ASRS의 운영 Rule 검증, 수행능력 분석등의 목적을 갖는 연구에는 여러 접근방법이 있을 수 있으나 구성 설비와 운영 Rule의 복잡한 관계로 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션의 거의 유일한 문제해결 방법이다. ASRS의 Modeling에 관한 기존의 연구로는 수리모델 수립. 이산사건 시스템의 관점에서 event-graphy, petri-net을 이용한 modeling이 있으며 ASRS에 대한 전용 Simulator 개발등이 진행되었다. 본 연구의 대상 시스템은 2개의 Rack과 하나의 Stacker Crane 으로 구성된 Aisle과 입출고의 물류를 처리하는 순환 RGVS(Rail Guided Vehicle System), 입/출고장을 구성하는 Conveyor Net등으로 이루어진 제조-물류시스템의 일반적인 ASRS이다. 또 이 ASRS의 입/출고 방식은 전수 입/출고만을 포함하며 Blocking 방지를 위한 Capaicty 예약, 다중설비 선택등의 문제등을 고려하고 있다. 본 연구의 접근방법으로는 ASRS의 개념적인 Reference Model을 수립하고 이 Reference Model에 대한 Formal Model로 DEVS(Discrete Event System Specification)을 이용하여 시스템을 Modeling하였다. 이의 Computer Simulation을 위하여 DEVS형식론 환경에서의 Simulation Language인 DEVSim ++ⓒ를 이용하여 시스템을 구현하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.217-222
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• 2021

EOTS(Electro-Optical Tracking System) is utilized in acquiring visual information to assess a guided missile's performance. As the missile travels so fast, it is almost impossible for operator to re-capture the lost target. The RADAR or telemetry data are used to re-capture the lost target however facilities to receive real time data is required, which constrains selection of tracking site. Unlike aforementioned data, pre-calculated nominal trajectory can be used without communication facility. This paper proposes a method to predict lost target's state by employing nominal trajectory. Firstly, observed trajectory and nominal trajectory are compared using DTW and current target's state is predicted. The predicted state is used as observation in Kalman filter's correction phase to predict target's next state. The plausibility of the proposed method is verified by applying on actual missile trajectory.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2024

Dentoalveolar (DA) trauma, which can involve tooth, alveolar bone, and surrounding soft tissues, is a significant dentofacial emergency. In emergency settings, physicians might lack comprehensive knowledge of timely procedures, causing delays for specialist referral. This systematic review assesses the literature on isolated DA fractures, emphasizing intervention timing and splinting techniques and duration in both children and adults. This systematic review adhered to PRISMA guidelines and involved a thorough search across PubMed, Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from January 1980 to December 2022. Inclusion and exclusion criteria guided study selection, with data extraction and analysis centered on demographics, etiology, injury site, diagnostics, treatment timelines, and outcomes in pediatric (2-12 years) and adult (>12 years) populations. This review analyzed 26 studies, categorized by age into pediatrics (2-12 years) and adults (>12 years). Falls were a common etiology, primarily affecting the anterior maxilla. Immediate management involved replantation, repositioning, and splinting within 24 hours (pediatric) or 48 hours (adult). Composite resin-bonded splints were common. Endodontic treatment was done within a timeframe of 3 days to 12 weeks for children and 2-12 weeks for adults. Tailored management based on patient age, tooth development stage, time elapsed, and resource availability is essential.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2024

Background/Aims: Selective bile duct or pancreatic duct cannulation remains a significant initial hurdle in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) despite advances in endoscopy and accessories. This study evaluated our experience with a rotatable sphincterotome in cases of difficult cannulation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed ERCP cases using TRUEtome, a rotatable sphincterotome, as a rescue device for cannulation at a cancer institute in Japan from October 2014 to December 2021. Results: TRUEtome was used in 88 patients. Duodenoscopes were used for 51 patients, while single-balloon enteroscopes (SBE) were used for 37 patients. TRUEtome was used for biliary and pancreatic duct cannulation (84.1%), intrahepatic bile duct selection (12.5%), and strictures of the afferent limb (3.4%). Cannulation success rates were similar in the duodenoscope and SBE groups (86.3% vs. 75.7%, p=0.213). TRUEtome was more commonly used in cases with steep cannulation angles in the duodenoscope group and in cases requiring cannulation in different directions in the SBE group. There were no significant differences in adverse events between the two groups. Conclusions: The cannulation sphincterotome was useful for difficult cannulations in both unaltered and surgically altered anatomies. It may be an option to consider before high-risk procedures such as precut and endoscopic ultrasound-guided rendezvous techniques.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.15-32
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• 2006

The increasing complexity of the socio-economic environments makes it less and less possible for single decision-maker to consider all relevant aspects of problem. Therefore, many organizations employ groups in decision making. In this paper, we present a multiperson decision making method using fuzzy logic with linguistic quantifier when each of group members specifies imprecise judgments possibly both on performance evaluations of alternatives with respect to the multiple criteria and on the criteria. Inexact or vague preferences have appeared in the decision making literatures with a view to relaxing the burdens of preference specifications imposed to the decision-makers and thus taking into account the vagueness of human judgments. Allowing for the types of imprecise judgments in the model, however, makes more difficult a clear selection of alternative(s) that a group wants to make. So, further interactions with the decision-makers may proceed to the extent to compensate for the initial comforts of preference specifications. These interactions may not however guarantee the selection of the best alternative to implement. To circumvent this deadlock situation, we present a procedure for obtaining a satisfying solution by the use of linguistic quantifier guided aggregation which implies fuzzy majority. This is an approach to combine a prescriptive decision method via a mathematical programming and a well-established approximate solution method to aggregate multiple objects.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.26-34
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• 2014

Highway construction is a combination of linear, repetitive, and highly equipment intensive operations. Various types of construction equipment are deployed to ensure undisrupted performance of construction, and thus productivity improvement and cost-saving can be achieved through well-thought-out planning. The selection of construction equipment is dependent upon construction sequence, site conditions, and construction methods. In the process of planning, management should consider various types of construction methods per each type of construction operation. Also, management should map out proper construction equipment operation plan that takes the construction duration and cost measures into consideration. However, limited availability of historic data from the similar types of operations has been a stumbling block to proper construction planning, making the operations performed based upon experience and intuition guided by rules-of-thumb. As a consequence, the planing phase rarely provided an adequate validity in the implementation phase. The researchers developed a process logic for each construction type that management can utilize from early phase of highway construction planning process. Moreover, derived the construction equipment combination optimized for efficiency by using the process simulation technique. The developed method is expected to be useful for the decision-making process that aims to evaluate efficiency of various process plans and to ensure optimal selection of construction equipment for highway construction projects.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2001

This study was designed to establish the superior method for IVF embryos from DNA marker-proved Hanwoo cattle. DNA markers related to marbling score were identified using DNA fingerprinting with Ml3 probe and restriction enzyme Hae III. Oocytes were aspirated from unstimulated. immature ovarian follicles using a combined method of rectal ovarian-palpation and transvaginal ultrasound-guidance(6.5MHz) under local abesthesia. The aspirated oocytes were washed twice with fresh D-PBS containing 5% FBS and were rewashed 4 to 5 times with TCM-199 containing 5% FBS. A morphological grade of I to IV was assigned to each oocyte. Data were analysed using the GLM procedure of SAS. Mean number of follicles identified on ultrasound was 5.5 $\pm$2.9 in right and 4.3 $\pm$2.8 in left ovaries, respectively. The highest follicles(16.6$\pm$2.6) were found in 5101 cow compared to others. Recovery rate of follicular oocytes in individual cow was highest in 5101 cow with 89.3% in > 2mm and 94.0% in $\leq$ 2mm follicles. Total recovery rate was significantly(P<0.01) higher in $\leq$ 2mm(85.7%, 130/154) than > 2mm follicles(74.2%, 201/271). Significantly more oocytcs of Grade IV were recovered from > 2mm follicles. Mean number follicles recovered was 4.8$\pm$3.7. 3.0$\pm$3.4 and 0.3$\pm$0.6 in $\leq$2mm, 2~6mm and $\geq$6mm follicles. respectively. Our results imply that the more fertilizablc oocytes can be recovered from invisible-immature follicles by the combination of simultaneous rectal ovarian-palpation and ultrasound-guided approach in Hanwoo cattle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2001

Statistical approaches for analysis of data from the limited number of samples in ship building industry(SBI) collected by an industrial hygienist for checking compliance to an occupational standard were considered. Sampling for compliance usually has been guided by judgment selection, rather than true randomness, resulting in the creation of compliance samples which approximate a censored sample from the upper tail of the exposure distribution. Similar exposure groups(SEGs) including welding and painting process were established to assess representative values in each groups after reviewing the whole production line in SBI. For the convenient statistical approaches, the code has assigned to each SEGs. The descriptive statistics and probability plotting were used to yield the representative values in each SEGs. In the first step, SEGs of 558 were established from 5 ship building companies. The 38 SEGs showed the uncertainty are divided into each 5 companies and assessed the representative values again. The 44 SEGs in each companies was not showed the normal and lognormal distribution was analyzed each data. And also, recommendation was suggested to resolve the uncertainty in each groups.