• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2007

Nowaday, in Korea, many u-City projects have been developed as a core business in the new town development project by national or local level of government. However, the new business projects have some problems, such as excessive number of u-services, increased project funds and period, and lower u-services due to lack of u-service evaluation methodologies. Therefore, this paper proposes a new u-service evaluation methodology to solve current problems. The methodology gives an ability to guard general u-service groups for reaching the main goal of the u-City project, and then select alternative u-service groups against being limited by the law and technology in the project year. Besides, as a key variable on performing u-City plans, the complexity between stakeholders is considered in the methodology. Finally, through the Optimal Sequential Method in the methodology, the maximum value of u-service group is obtained as a optimal service group of u-City.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2012

This study is to investigate determinants of the private security agents' career choices. Random sampling of newly agents working at the private security firms in Gyeonggi-do and ChungChong-do was used. The period of under review was from May, 2010 to June, 2011 and the total number of interviews was 382. For this study using SPSSWIN 18.0, factor analysis(EFA/CFA), reliability analysis, discriminant analysis and descriptive statistics. The followings are conclusions. The first factor is' the value of job'. It consists of public security, contributions to our society and nation, protection public safety, spirit of sacrifice, crime prevention, and maintenance security. The second factor is 'ease of career choice'. Qualifying conditions are not particular and it is easy to get the job, as a result, this job is easy of access, they chose this job. The third factor is 'occupational stability'. They think this is a good job because the job is future-oriented so they chose this job. The fourth factor is' curiosity'. They became interested in this job, so they wanted to know about this job and then they chose this job.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.286-292
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• 2017

The Coastal VTS will be continuously constructed to prevent marine traffic accidents in the coastal waters of the Republic of Korea. In order to provide the best traffic information service to the ship operator, it is important to understand the navigation risk factor. In this study, we analyzed the navigational hazards of Gunsan coastal area where the coastal VTS will be constructed until 2020. For this purpose, major traffic flows of merchant ships and density of vessels engaged in fishing were analyzed. This study was conducted by Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Vessel Pass (V-PASS) data. The grid intervals are 10 minute ${\times}$ 10 minute (latitude ${\times}$ longitude) based on the section of the sea. A total of 30 sections were analyzed by constructing a grid. As a result of the analysis, the major traffic flows of the merchant vessels in the coastal area of Gunsan were surveyed from north to south toward Incheon, Pyeongtaek, Daesan, Yeosu, Pusan and Ulsan, and from east to west in the port of Gunsan Port, 173-3, 173-6, 173-8, 183-2, 183-5, 183-8, 183-3, 184-1 and 184-2. As a result of the study, the fishing boats in Gunsan coastal area mainly operated in spring and autumn. On the other hand, the main traffic flow of merchant ships and the distribution of fishing vessels continue to overlap from March to June, so special attention should be paid to the control during this period.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

In 2001, about 20 years after the introduction of the standard buoys, the natural environment and maritime traffic flow changes in the waters near Korea and the necessity of improvement of the AtoN (Aids to Navigation) maintenance was suggested. The IALA provides guidelines for maintenance and management of AtoN, and Korea provides guidelines for the management and operation of standard buoys by means of the Enforcement on the AtoN laws. The objective of this study was to investigate the installation status and the repair status of the standard type buoys by sea area in order to improve the management and operation of the steel standard buoys. In addition, a survey was conducted on the improvement of the steel buoy fouling and the improvement of the lifting inspection cycle towards on the AtoN managers and producers of the representative authority by sea area. In the case of LL-26 (M) buoy type, the standard type buoy installation status of Korea in 2017 was 57.1%, and the LL-26 (M) type was 58.9% showing the highest repair rate. According to the results of the survey on buoys fouling, 51.2% were caused by the attachment of shellfish, and 43.2% were caused by bird feces. The results of the survey on the improvement of the regular buoy inspection cycle showed that the measures are to maintain the current inspection period of 2 years regardless of the characteristics of the sea area (water depth, inside and outside port, buoy size, etc.).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.106-119
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• 2023

Due to global decarbonization movement and tightening of maritime emissions restrictions, the shipping industry is going to switch to alternative fuels. Among candidates of alternative fuel, methanol is promising for decreasing SOx and CO2 emissions, resulting in minimum climate change and meeting the goal of green shipping. In this study, a novel combined system of direct methanol solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), gas turbine (GT), and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) targeted for marine vessels was proposed. The SOFC is the main power generator of the system, whereas the GT and PEMFC could recover waste heat from the SOFC to generate useful power and increase waste heat utilizing efficiency of the system. Thermodynamics model of the combined system and each component were established and analyzed. Energy and exergy efficiencies of subsystems and the entire system were estimated with participation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The energy and exergy efficiencies of the overall multigeneration system were estimated to be 76.2% and 30.3%, respectively. The combination of GT and PEMFC increased the energy efficiency by 18.91% compared to the SOFC stand-alone system. By changing the methanol distribution ratio from 0.05 to 0.4, energy and exergy efficiencies decreased by 15.49% and 5.41%, respectively. During the starting up and maneuvering period of vessels, a quick response from the power supply system and propulsion plant is necessary. Utilization of PEMFC coupled with SOFC has remarkable meaning and benefits.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.444-454
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is compares organizational culture and job characteristic and job continuance will of private security searches its investigate relation. This study had selected private security company members from Seoul of 2011 for population. Using purposive sampling method, 280 samples were drawn and were used for the final analysis. Using SPSS WIN 18.0, frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis were performed. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ value which shows the reliability of the survey came out to be over .665. The conclusion is following : First, organizational culture of private security service affects in job characteristic. As a work period is long, the job importance and feedback appear high. As development mutual agreement culture is formed, the job importance, autonomy is high. As reasonable culture is formed, the job importance, autonomy, feedback are high. As a hierarchical culture is formed, the job importance, feedback rises, and on the other hand, autonomy decreases. Second, organization culture affects in job continuance will to private security guard. Job expectation is high in man group. As age is high, crisis sense decreases. As attainments in scholarship is high, job satisfaction, shrinkage, alternative expectation increase. As there are much monthly income, job satisfaction, shrinkage, job expectation, alternative expectation, crisis sense become increase. As development mutual agreement culture is formed, job satisfaction, malicious insincerity, job expectation, alternative expectation, crisis sense are high. As reasonable culture is formed, job expectation increases, and on the other hand, malicious insincerity decreases. As a hierarchical culture is formed, job satisfaction, malicious insincerity, job expectation, crisis sense appear high. Third, private security guard job characteristic affects in job continuance will. As attainments in scholarship is high, job satisfaction, job expectation, alternative expectation increase. As a work period is long, job satisfaction, job expectation, alternative expectation, crisis sense appear decreases. As there are much monthly income, job satisfaction, job expectation, alternative expectation, crisis sense increase. Job satisfaction, job expectation increases as recognize the job importance high. Job satisfaction, shrinkage, malicious insincerity, job expectation, alternative expectation increase as recognize autonomy high. If feedback is proceeded well, malicious insincerity decreases.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.78-97
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• 2021

Seojangdaeyajodo is a drawing of military night training on February 12th (lunar leap month), 1795. Focusing on the Seojangdaeyajodo, the characteristics and of the costumes worn by various types of officials were examined. There were 34 officials located near King Jeongjo in and around Seojangdae, with 27 Dangsanggwan and 7 Danghagwan. They wore three types of costumes, including armor, yungbok, and military uniforms. All of the twelve armor wearers and the five officials wearing yungbok were dangsanggwan, and the military uniform wearers included eleven dangsanggwan and six danghagwan. For the shape of the armor, the armor relics of General Yeoban, suitable for riding horses, and the armor painting of Muyedobotongji were referenced, and the composition of the armor was based on practicality. The armor consists of a helmet, a suit of armor, a neck guard, armpit guards, arm guards, and a crotch guard. The color of the armor was red and green, which are the most frequently used colors in Seojangdaeyajodo. The composition of yungbok was jurip, navy cheollik, red gwangdahoe, socks made of leather, and suhwaja. The composition of the military uniform was a lined jeolrip, dongdari, jeonbok, yodae, jeondae, and suhwaja. There were differences in the fabrics used in dangsanggwan and danghagwan military uniforms. Dangsanggwan used fabric with depictions of clouds and jewels, and danghagwan used unpatterned fabric. Moreover, jade, gold, and silver were used for detailed ornamental materials in dangsanggwan. The weapons included bows and a bow case, a sword, a rattan stick, wrist straps, and a ggakji. In the records of the King Jeongjo period, various colored heopsu were mentioned; the colors of the dongdari and jeonbok of dangsanggwan and danghagwan were referenced in various colors. It was presented as an illustration of costumes that could be used to produce objects accurately reflecting the above historical results. The basic principle of the illustration was to present the modeling standards for 3D content production. Samples of form, color, and material of the corresponding times and statuses were presented. The front, the side, and the back of each costume and its accessories were presented, and the colors were presented in RGB and CMYK.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.69-87
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• 2007

Study results on the perception of organization justice and organization member behavior of private security are as below. Primarily, organization justice showed variation according to socio-demographic characteristics which include age, the period the person has stayed in the current workplace, total period of working and monthly income. As for age, in aspect of the perception of distribution justice, the 36 or older age group prevailed, and the 31 to 35 age group prevailed in the perception of procedure justice. So, perception of organization justice increased accordingly with age. According to the period the person has stayed in the current workplace category, showed high levels in the perception of distribution justice and perception of procedure justice in the $3\;{\sim}\;5$ years group. As for total period of working, both perception of distribution justice and the perception of procedure justice proved greatest in the 5 years or more group and according to monthly income, the KRW 1800,000 or more group showed high levels of perception of distribution justice and the perception of procedure justice. Secondly, organization member behavior showed variation according to sociodemographic characteristics. In organization member behavior, loyal behavior increased along with age and inter-personal relationship behavior and altruistic behavior prevailed in the age group 31-35 According to period the person has worked at the current workplace and in case of total period of working, loyal behavior, inter-personal relationship behavior and altruistic behavior proved to be high. As for monthly income, an increase in monthly income resulted in a high figure in loyal behavior, inter-personal relationship behavior and altruistic behavior. Thirdly, after regression analysis of the relationship of the perception of organization justice and organization member behavior, perception of procedure justice was analyzed to have relatively high influence. Therefore, the hypothesis presented in this study was all chosen after the regression analysis results. This shows that the enhancement of organization member behavior can be improved. by enhancing the perception of organization justice. Thus, it can be concluded that if a private guard recognizes his justice, organization member behavior can be enhanced.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.24-55
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• 2010

Jangmyeongdeung Lantern (貞陵長明燈) refers to the stone lantern placed in front of the royal tomb. It serves both symbolic and decorative purposes; symbolic because it is supposed to guard and illuminate the buried, and decorative because it is a work of sculpture that adorns the entire graveyard. The Jangmyeongdeung of Jeongneung was the earliest stone lantern to be produced during the Joseon period. Its square shape is unique among those from the early to mid-Joseon period. The three major parts of Jangmyeongdeung - the stand, the lantern, and the roof-shaped cover parts - are square in shape, differing from the octagonal shaped Jangmyeongdeung. The stand consists of three single stone blocks, the Hadaeseok(下臺石), Ganjuseok(竿柱石), and Sangdaeseok(上臺石). The Hwasaseok(火舍石), or the lantern part, is also a single stone block. Jangmyeongdeung of Jeongneung succeeds the style of those of Hyeon-neung and Jeongneung(玄正陵) of the Goryeo period and is of a better artistic quality. As the first Jangmyeongdeung lantern, it is a refined work of art that marks the foundation of the Joseon Kingdom. This paper tries to ascertain the stylistic origin of the square-shaped Jangmyeongdeung of Jeongneung and compare it with those of Buddhist temples. Consequently, similarities were found among the stone lanterns of Zen priests 'Jigong'(指空) and 'Nawong'(懶翁) in the Hweamsa Temple(檜巖寺) site from the late Goryeo period, those of Zen priest 'Muhak'(無學) of the Hweamsa Temple site, and those of national priest 'Bogak'(普覺) of Cheongnyongsa Temple(靑龍寺) from the early Joseon period. Primarily, this is because the three components(the stand, the lantern part, and the roof-shaped cover) are essentially square-shaped. Second, as the Ganjuseok(one of the components of the stand) became shorter, the stand took a more stable form. Third, the Hwasaseok(the lantern part) consists of two stone blocks joined together. Fourth, the roof-shaped cover is also in square in shape. Similarly, the Jangmyeongdeung of Jeongneung contains Buddhist elements as well. The three-bead pattern that decorates the Ganjuseok stand is an example. The three-bead pattern is one of the symbolic elements related to Tantric Buddhism. It is found on the diadems worn by Bodhisattvas from the Goryeo and early Joseon periods. The Jangmyeongdeung of Jeongneung in early Joseon directly influenced the production of the square-shaped stone lanterns used to decorate the tombs during the Joseon period. After the latter half of the 15th century, however, the octagonal-shaped Jangmyeongdeung style began to prevail. The Jangmyeongdeung of Jeongneung reflects the succession of the tradition of royal tombs from Goryeo to Joseon, the introduction of square-shaped stone lanterns to Buddhist temples, and the influence of the Buddhist philosophy of the time. It is a living testimony to various elements of each time and corresponding cultural trends.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 1996

Benzidine, an aromatic amine used primarily in the manufacture of azo dyes, is recognized as a urinary bladder carcinogen in humans. In rats, mice, and hamsters, chronic exposure to benzidine resulted in tumors of the liver. The present study was undertaken to suggest analyzing the metabolites of benzidine with the optimal condition, identify the metabolites of benzidine, and observe time variance of the metabolites in the isolated perfusated rat liver. N-acetylbenzidine was synthesized by acetylation of benzidine with acetic anhydride and separated by thin layer chromatography(TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). To analysis benzidine and the metabolites of benzidine, HPLC operating condition has been optimized by means of preliminary experiment. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile(37%) in phosphate buffer, flow rate maintained at 1.0 ml/min. Optimal detective conditions were electrochemicaldetector(ECD) at 0.75 V for benzidine and N-acetylbenzidine and ultravioletdetector(UVD) at 287 nm for N,N'-diacetylbenzidine. The separation system was composed of a guard column and a separation column(Polymer C18, $4.6{\times}250cm$) at a temparature of $40^{\circ}C$. The perfusion system was equilibrated for 30 minutes before addition of benzidine to the perfusate. Samples of the perfusate were collected at time intervals(0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 min) during the 2 hour perfusion. Before analyzing samples by HPLC/ECD/UVD, samples had been treated with sep-pak. Samples of perfusate analyzed by HPLC/ECD/UVD and the metabolites of benzidine in the isolated perfused rat liver were N-acetylbenzidine and N,N'-diacetylbenzidine. Benzidine metabolized over 60% during the initial 30 minutes of perfusion, extensively by 1 hour, and was undetectable in the perfusate. N-acetylbenzidine increased by 30 minutes of perfusion, declined. N,N'-diacetylbenzidine increased the 0-90 minutes period, remained constant during the 90-120 minutes period.