• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2017

A new barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar 'Dachung' having high forage yielding and good silage quality was developed at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2015. This cultivar was derived from a cross of the 'Sunwoo' and 'Keunalbori1ho' in 2002. And it's promising line showed both high yield and lodging resistance through the preliminary and advanced yield trials(PYT, AYT) at Iksan from 2010 to 2012. It was designated as the 'Iksan479'. 'Iksan479' was conducted to regional yield trials(RYT) in six locations around Korea for three years from 2013 to 2015. And it was released as the name of 'Dachung'. It has erect plant type, growth habit of IV and green leaf. In the paddy field its heading date was April 24 and maturing date was May 26, same day with 'Youngyang'. Plant height of 'Dachung' was 99cm. Dachung's spikes per $m^2$ was 625. It has high rate of leaf blades, resistance to BaYMV(Barley Yellow Mosiac Virus) and better winter hardiness than that of 'Youngyang'. The average dry matter of 'Dachung' was about $11.9ton\;ha^{-1}$ in paddy field. And average feed quality of 'Dachung' was 9.0% of crude protein content, 31.3% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 54.4% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), 64.0% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients). 'Dachung' had grade I of silage quality. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of $-8^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2008

This study was conducted to find on the screening of a optimal variety after compare with characteristics of a colored soybean recommended and a vegetable soybean by pure line isolation from the indigenous variety in Chungnam area. The budding period in results compared with a budding property of testing varieties between the recommended colored soybean 6 varieties and the indigenous 3 varieties, was showed that it was delayed by increasing of a grain weight but the budding rate was not significant. And the harvest period was the most early day at the black colored soybean plot at the 30th July and was the latest day at the native variety (Nonsan jaerae) at the 21 th October. The stem length was showed a wide range from 25 to 104 cm, and the Asan jaerae in this result was the highest on 104 cm, but the Geomjeongolkong was the lowest on 25 cm. The number of pod per plant was searched about 9 to 111 range, and the most numerous plot in this experimental varieties was the Ilpumgeomjeongkong as 111 number, on the other hand, the least variety was the Asan jaerae as 9 number. The rate of more than 2 seed per pod in the vegetable soybean property was the highest at the Geomjeongolkong about 82%. Additionally, the Hwangkuemkong and Geomjeongkong 1 was relatively the high levels as 78% and 73%, respectively. At the pod yield per $1000\;m^2$ (10a) was the most much as 1,567 kg at the Ilpumgeomjeongkong. Also, the Sunheukkong and the Galmikong was 1,468 kg, 1,397 kg, respectively. Therefore, the Ilpumgeomjeongkong, Sunheukkong, and Galmikong were proper varieties for the vegetable cultivation.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2008

This study implicated that the CBT-AK5 purified from Lactobacillus casei (LAFTI L26) which showed antitumor activity in ICR mice. Hence, ICR mice were inoculated intraperitoneally Sarcoma-180 as well as CBT-AK5. Then we observed the life span and tumor increment of those ICR mice. Here our studies showed effect on two different way of treatment as intraperitoneally and orally treated in Sarcoma-180 infected ICR mice. We found that intraperitoneally treatment of Sarcoma-180 and CBT-AK5 is more effective than orally fed. The life span of the ICR mice were highly reduced after the inoculation of Sarcoma-180. Those effects like increment of body weight, the growth of ascites and solid were inhibited significantly after the treatment of CBT-AK5 in Sarcoma-180 infected ICR mice. Finally these studies suggested that CBT-AK5 isolated form Lactobacillus casei showed excellent antitumor activity against Sarcoma-180 infected ICR mice.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 1999

This study was performed to obtain the basic data to present rational silvicultural tending plan. It makes these widely distributed pine-oak mixed stand and each of pure stand in middle province on object of this study and do comparative analysis of light condition about stand parameter and natural regeneration according to each slope(north, west and south) conditions of location in central part of South Korea. Sample plots for pine-oak mixed stand and pine and oak pure stand were established on each of southern, northern and western slopes based upon site and growth conditions of the slope. Sample plot was a circle of 0.05ha with a diameter of 25.24 m. A sample plot has between 30 and 40 tree in it. Total 23 sample plots were established; 9 pure pine stands, 8 pine-oak mixed stands. and 6 pure oak stands across lower, middle, upper parts of slopes. Relative light intensity within a stand was' measured by crown- photo(fish-eye lens; 180$^{\circ}$) system through fish-eye lens and by comparing each plot with the denuded through PAR-sensor. The crown closure ratio of pure pine stand (75%) shows much lower than that of mixed stand (90.9%) and pure oak stand (93%). The relative light intensity within a stand showed an opposite result. The crown closure of mixed stands tended to become gradually low as the slope moves from the north to the south, but the relative light Intensity within the stand tended to rise. By analyzing the relationship between the relative light intensity within a stand and stand parameter, light intensity within a stand tended to decrease as the diameter and N/ha increase. Number of oak seedlings and light intensity within a stand is in a straight-line regression relation. In particular, the number of oak seedlings was the highest in mixed stands on the southern slope. But no single pine seedling was found. The unfavorable conditions of l0cm thick litter layer and low relative light intensity in a stand (ranging between 4% and 8%) is considered to prevent pine seeds from germinating.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1245-1255
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• 2017

Most cancer cells produce ATP predominantly through glycolysis instead of through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of oxygen. The phenomenon is termed the Warburg effect, or the glycolytic switch, and it is thought to increase the availability of biosynthetic precursors for cell proliferation. EMTs have critical roles in the initiation of the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. The glycolytic switch and EMT are important for tumor development and progression; however, their correlation with tumor progression is largely unknown. The Snail transcription factor is a major factor involved in EMT. The Snail expression is regulated by distal-less homeobox 2 (Dlx-2), a homeodomain transcription factor that is involved in embryonic and tumor development. The Dlx-2/Snail cascade is involved in Wnt-induced EMTs and the glycolytic switch. This study showed that in response to Wnt signaling, the Dlx-2/Snail cascade induces the expression of PFKFB2, which is a glycolytic enzyme that synthesizes and degrades fructose 2, 6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP). It also showed that PFKFB2 shRNA prevents Wnt-induced EMTs in the breast-tumor cell line MCF-7. The prevention indicated that glycolysis is linked to Wnt-induced EMT. Additionally, this study showed PFKFB2 shRNA suppresses in vivo tumor metastasis and growth. Finally, it showed the PFKFB2 expression is higher in breast, colon and ovarian cancer tissues than in matched normal tissues regardless of the cancers' stages. The results demonstrated that PFKFB2 is an important regulator of EMTs and metastases induced by the Wnt, Dlx-2 and Snail factors.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.582-598
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• 2000

There are many bioethical issues in line with the rapid advance of biology. In this situation, it is important for students to make a rational decision on value problem. In this study 'value inquiry in biology education' is defined as 'the process of rational value judgement and wise decision-making in the biology-related value problem' and the model was developed. To develop the model, value inquiry models were reviewed. Value clarification model is helpful for the formation of the personal value as the process of individual value inquiry, but it isn't helpful for clarifying the value conflicts. Value analysis model focuses on the rational solution of value problem through the logical procedure. But it has the limitations that overemphasizing the logical and systematic aspects results in devaluating students' affective aspects. So it is necessary to coordinate psychological and logical aspects of value inquiry. In this regard, the model was developed, including identifying and clarifying value problem, understanding biological knowledge related to conflict situation, considering on the related persons, searching for alternatives, predicting the consequences of each alternative, selecting the alternative, evaluating the alternative, and final value judgement and affirming it. The educational objectives of value inquiry were selected in consideration of the ability to carry out the steps of the developed model. And the selected contents were animal duplication, test-tube baby, genetic engineering, growth hormone injection problem, brain death, organ transplant, animal to be experimented and were organized on the basis of the 6th and the 7th science curriculum. And the suitable instructional models for the value inquiry education were selected: bioethical value clarification decision-making model, group presentation according to the value analysis model, role play and debate, and discussion through web forum. And the interview was considered to be suitable to evaluate the students' value inquiry ability and the rubric was made to evaluate the attainment of the educational objectives for value inquiry.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2007

Background: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known to modulates the cellular functions, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. It is known that a high level of HO-1 expression is found in many tumors, and HO-1 plays an important role in rapid tumor growth on account of its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer agent for the treatment of lung cancer. However, the development of resistance to cisplatin is a major obstacle to its use in clinical treatment. We previously demonstrated that inhibiting HO-1 expression through the transcriptional activation of Nrf2 induces apoptosis in A549 cells. The aim of this study was to determine of the inhibiting HO-1 enhance the chemosensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin. Materials and Methods: The human lung cancer cell line, A549, was treated cisplatin, and the cell viability was measured by a MTT assay. The change in HO-1, Nrf2, and MAPK expression after the cisplatin treatment was examined by Western blotting. HO-1 inhibition was suppressed by ZnPP, which is a specific pharmacologic inhibitor of HO activity, and small interfering RNA (siRNA). Flow cytometry analysis and Western blot were performed in to determine the level of apoptosis. The level of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) generation was monitored fluoimetrically using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Results: The A549 cells showed more resistance to the cisplatin treatment than the other cell lines examined, whereas cisplatin increased the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2, as well as the phosphorylation of MAPK in a time-dependent fashion. Inhibitors of the MAPK pathway blocked the induction of HO-1 and Nrf2 by the cisplatin treatment in A549 cells. In addition, the cisplatin-treated A549 cells transfected with dither the HO-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) or ZnPP, specific HO-1 inhibitor, showed in a more significantly decrease in viability than the cisplatin-only-treated group. The combination treatment of ZnPP and cisplatin caused in a marked increase in the ROS generation and a decrease in the HO-1 expression. Conclusion: Cisplatin increases the expression of HO-1, probably through the MAPK-Nrf2 pathway, and the inhibition of HO-1 enhances the chemosensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.332-342
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• 1995

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of various factors on the therapeutic effect of the I-131 labeled anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody(anti-CEA antibody). Tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) was used to compare in vitro cytotoxicity of 3 Korean colon cancer cell lines (SNU-C2A, SNU-C4, SNU-C5) for selection of proper 2 cell lines in this study. The changes of the size of tumor which was xenografted to nude mice (balb/c nu/nu) were compared in 4 groups (group treated I-131 labeled anti-CEA antibody, group treated with non-radiolabeled anti-CEA antibody, group treated with I-131 labeled anti-human chorionic gonadotropin monoclonal antibody (anti-hCG antibody) as nonspecific antibody, and group injected with normal saline as a control). Immunohistochemical staining and in vivo autoradiography were performed after excision of the xenografted tumor. The results were as below mentioned. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of I-131 labeled anti-CEA antibody is most prominent in SNU-C5 cell line between 3 cancer cell lines. The changes of xenografted tumor size in both SNU-C4 and SNU-5S cell tumors at the thirteenth day after injection of the antibodies were smallest in the group treated with I-131 labeled anti-CEA antibody (SNU-C4/SNU-C5; 324/342%) comparing with other groups, group treated with anti-CEA antibody (622/660%), group treated with I-131 anti-hCG antibody (538/546%), and control group(1030/724%)(P<0.02 in SNU-C4 and P<0.1 in SNU-C5 at the 13th day after injection of antibodies). On the thirteenth day after injection of the antibodies nude mice were sacreficed to count the radiouptake of tumor and to check the changes of tumor size. Correlations between radiouptake and change of tumor size were calculated in each groups and significant negative correlation was only obtained in the group treated with I-131 anti-CEA antibody (p<0.05). There were no correlations between antigenic expression of carcinoembryonic antigen and distribution of anti-CEA antibody in both SNU-C4 and SNU-C5 cell tumors on immunoperoxidase staining. On in vivo autoradiography the distributions of anti-CEA antibody were heterogeneous and the intensities of binding were various in SNU-C4 and SNU-C5 cell tumors. It is concluded that I-131 labeled tumor-specific monoclonal antibody, anti-CEA antibody is effective in suppressing the xenografted tumor growth and the effect is influenced by sensitivity of tumor cell itself to the radiolabeled antibody and other local factors instead of specificity of antibody.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.718-726
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological activities of Aronia melanocarpa extracts on extraction solvents (through hot water extraction, 50% ethanol extraction, and 50% methanol extraction). The yield of 50% ethanol extract, 84.50%, was higher than that of the hot water extract (84.05%) and of the 50% methanol extract (76.20%). The total sugar content of the extraction solvent, 35.56~37.68 g/100 g, did not significantly differ. The total anthocyanin content of the 50% methanol extract, 395.10 mg/100 g, was higher than of 50% ethanol extract (318.61 mg/100 g) and of the hot water extract (252.82 mg/100 g). The anthocyanin composition of the cyanidin-3-galactoside, 364.65 mg/100 g, was higher than that of the cyanidin-3-arabinoside (163.06 mg/100 g) and of the cyanidin-3-glucoside (35.69 mg/100 g) in the 50% methanol extract. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the 50% ethanol and the 50% methanol extracts at $100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were 7.96-70.01%, and 8.90-69.21%, respectively. The superoxide radical scavenging activities of all the extracts improved with an increase in the treatment concentration. The FRAP of the 50% ethanol extract and the 50% methanol extract at $100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$ were $57.14-817.87{\mu}M$ and $67.32-812.78{\mu}M$, respectively. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the 50% ethanol extract, 23.03-33.82% ($100-1,000{\mu}g/mL$), was higher than that of the other extracts. The cancer cell growth inhibition activity of the 50% ethanol extract (76.86% at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$) on HeLa cell line was significantly higher than of the hot water and of the 50% methanol extracts. There results suggest that the 50% ethanol extract from Aronia melanocarpa may be a useful for functional food material in the food industry.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.360-377
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• 2016

Since after the 1986 economic reform policy(Doi Moi), the central highland in Vietnam has transformed into one of the largest coffee producing areas. The transformation had been supported by mass migration of ethnic Kinhs from the coastal lowland. It did not take long for the Kinh migrants to be the ethnic majority in the region. Meanwhile the growth of coffee industry entailed in socio-economic disparity, specially between Kinh migrants and native ethnic minorities. The disparity has becomed obvious not only between coffee farming Kinhs and non-coffee farming ethnic minorities but also between coffee farming Kinhs and ehtnic minorities. The previous literatures highlight the lack of human and social capital and the lagging modernization in ethnic minority societies. However, they fall short in showing the explicit processes why ethnic minority coffee farmers earn less than ethnic majority counterparts. With a case study of Dak Lak province, this research attempts to show the reason why there is income gap between Kinh and ethnic minority Ede coffee farmers by comparing their ways of producing coffee and selling their products. The results show that Ede's land productivity is significantly lower than Kinh's. It is because Ede farmers use less fertilizer due to the shortage of the capital. Also they often get into debt for coffee production and should pay it back right after the harvest. It deprives them of chance to raise earning by selling the coffee beans at a higher price.