• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2003

This study was carried out to research and develop a shallow green rooftop system which would require low maintenance and therefore could be used for existing rooftops. To achieve these goals, the conceptual model was induced by past studies and the experimental systems were deduced from the conceptual model. On the growth of Sedum sarmentosum grown in these rooftop systems, the effects of artificial substrate type, soil depth, and drainage type were investigated from 3 April to 11 October 2002. Artificial substrates were an alone type and a blending type. The alone type was an artificial substrate formulated by blending crushed porous glass with bark(v/v, 6:4). The blending type was formulated by blending the alone type with loam(v/v, 1:1). Soil depths were 5cm, loom, and 15cm. Drainage types were a reservoir-drainage type and a drainage type. The reservoir-drainage type could keep water and drain excessive water at the same time. The drainage type could drain excessive water but could not keep water. Covering area, total fresh and dry weight, visual quality, and water content per 1g dry matter were measured. All the variables were analyzed by correlation analysis and factor analysis. The results of the study are summarized as follows. The growth increment was higher in the blending type than in the alone type, the highest in loom soil depth and higher in the reservoir-drainage type than in the drainage type. The growth quality was higher in the blending type than in the alone type, the highest in l0cm soil depth, and higher in the drainage type than in the reservoir-drainage type. In consideration of the permissible load on the existing rooftops and the effects of the treatments on the growth increment and quality, the system should adopt the blending type in artificial substrate types, 5~10cm in soil depths, and the drainage type in drainage types. This system will be well-suited to the growth of Sedum sarmentosum, and when the artificial substrate was in field capacity, the weight will be 75~115kg/$m^2$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1746-1753
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• 2007

Steers (n = 335) of known genetic background from four fundamentally different growth types were subjected to two production systems to study differences in cooking loss (CL), tenderness, and chemical composition. Growth types were animals with genetic potential for large mature weight-late maturing (LL), intermediate mature weight-late maturing (IL), intermediate mature weight -early maturing (IE), and small mature weight-early maturing (SE). Each year, in a nine-year study, calves of each growth type were weaned and five steers of each growth type were developed on pasture or feedlot and harvested at approximately 20 and 14 mo of age, respectively. Data collected were CL and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) for the Longissimus dorsi (LM), Psoas major (PS), and Quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles. Chemical composition was also determined from the right fore- and hindquarter. Data were analyzed using least squares analysis of variance for unequal subclass numbers. The beef growth $type{\times}production$ system interaction was significant for CL and WBS of the LM and ash in the lean trim of the forequarter. Growth types of LL and IL had greater (p<0.05) mean percentage CL in the PS and QF muscles than did IE and SE steers. Growth type LL had the highest (p<0.05) mean for both moisture and protein in the fore- and hindquarters; while SE had the lowest numerical mean value for moisture and protein in the fore- and hindquarters. Shear force of the PS did not differ (p>0.05) among steers of the four growth types. Increasing challenges to the cattle feeding industry may dictate that pasture development play a larger role in future production regimes. Producers should strive to match genetic growth type with available resources in order to remain viable and continue producing a quality product.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 1997

This study has conducted to analyze the crelationship among soil properties and to investigate how they affect soil physical characteristics and plant growth. The experiment of woody plant growth was conducted as follows : Type I was the original soil. Type II, the soil particles smaller than 20${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was removed from the original soil. Type III, the soil particles is smaller than 75${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was removed from original soil. Wisteria floribunda A.P.DC and Celtis sinensisi Pers. were used for plant growth measurement. 1. Soil type II. the closest to Fuller's curved line, showed high dry bulk density and low in soil pores and saturated hydraulic conductivities. This created poor soil aeration and limited space for the root to growth. When the root did not have sufficient space to grow, there was a lot of physical stress, which hindered the root growth. 2. Soil typeIII was high saturated hydraulic conductivity and a lot of soil pores larger than 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. As a result, there were more available spaces for root to spread. It was considered that there was less physical stress for root growth. Therefore, soil typeIII showed significantly greater root growth. 3. Because soil type III has less small particles and saturated hydraulic conductivity was high, and water infiltrates rapidly into the underground when there was rainfall or irrigation. The soil typeIII becomes much stronger soil mechanically due to the less small particles. Therefore, soil typeIII was a suitable material for applying on planting sites where soil compaction is expected.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 2018

The main aim of this paper is to prove some results related to the growth rates of composite entire and meromorphic functions on the basis of their relative (p, q)-th order, relative (p, q)-th lower order, relative (p, q)-th type and relative (p, q)-th weak type where p and q are any two positive integers.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.13-33
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• 2019

The main aim of this paper is to establish some comparative growth properties of composite entire functions on the basis of their relative (p, q)-th order, relative (p, q)-th lower order, relative (p, q)-th type, relative (p, q)-th weak type of entire function with respect to another entire function where p and q are any two positive integers.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.69-91
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• 2022

In the paper we establish some new results depending on the comparative growth properties of composite transcendental entire and meromorphic functions using relative (p, q, t)L-th order, relative (p, q, t)L-th type and relative (p, q, t)L-th weak type and that of Wronskian generated by one of the factors.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.273-286
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of the growth aspects in three facial growth patterns. The biennial serial cephalometric radiographs of 33 samples(19males, 14females) with normal occlusion from 8.5 years to 18.5 yews of age were used in this study. The facial growth patterrn was categorized in 3 types(Drop type, Neutral type, Forward type) by the total amounts of the Y-axis which changed from 8.5 years to 18.5 years of age. The growth change of the craniofacial area during 10 years in each growth type was analyzed and was compared among the 3 growth types. The results of this study might be summarized as follows. 1. The samples that were classified by total change of the Y-axis during this study period were distributed to 52% of the neutral type, 27% of the forward type, 21% of the drop type. 2. The anterior growth of the maxilla to the cranial base(N per A) showed larger in the forward type than in other 2 types(p<0.05). 3. The palatal plane to the FH plane showed more anterior-superior inclination in the forward type with age during this study period. 4. The anterior growth of the mandible to the cranial base(N per Pog) appeared large in rank order, of largest the forward type, second the neutral type, and third the drop type(p<0.05). 5. During this study period the mandibular plane(SN/MN,FMA) showed more counterclockwise rotation in the forward type than in the drop type(p<0.05), and this tendency was stronger in males than in females(p<0.05). 6. The growth of the mandibular corpus length(Go-Me) showed smaller in the drop type than in the other 2 types(p<0.05). 7. In the forward type and the neutral type, the anterior growth of the mandible was larger than that of the maxilla(p<0.05). 8. In the craniofacial growth distances and angulations turned out to be somewhat variable, but the vertical proportion had a strong tendency whose original relation was maintained consistently during this study period. 9. Through these analyzed data, the profilograms on each growth type were constructed to evaluate individual growth pattern in the orthodontic diagnosis.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.93-117
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• 2019

In this paper we wish to study some growth properties of entire functions represented by a vector valued Dirichlet series on the basis of (p, q)-th relative Ritt order, (p, q)-th relative Ritt type and (p, q)-th relative Ritt weak type where p and q are integers such that $p{\geq}0$ and $q{\geq}0$.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.629-663
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• 2018

Let us suppose that ${\mathbb{K}}$ be a complete ultrametric algebraically closed field and $\mathcal{A}$ (${\mathbb{K}}$) be the ${\mathbb{K}}$-algebra of entire functions on K. The main aim of this paper is to study some newly developed results related to the growth rates of iterated p-adic entire functions on the basis of their relative orders, relative type and relative weak type.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.243-268
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• 2019

The main aim of this paper is to study some growth properties of composite entire functions on the basis of relative $(p,q)-{\varphi}$ type and relative $(p,q)-{\varphi}$ weak type where p and q are any two positive integers and ${\varphi}(r):[0,+{\infty}){\rightarrow}(0,+{\infty})$ be a non-decreasing unbounded function.