• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.253-259
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• 1997

The iron doped GaAs single crystals were grown by liquid phase epitaxial method and its some physical properties were evaluated with a view to investigate the crystal quality and emission property. The isomer shift of 0.303mm/sec is calculated from low-temperature M ssbauer spectroscopy and we know that charge state of iron ion is 3+ in GaAs crystal. In low temperature photoluminescence, the deep emission bands with wide-line width have been observed at 0.99eV and 1.15eV in addition to sharp excitonic peaks. We attributed that these deep emissions are originated from substitutional Fe-acceptor which has charge state of 3+ and 2+, respectively.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.225-240
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• 1999

This paper presents a mechanistic approach to uniaxial viscoelastic constitutive modeling of asphalt concrete that accounts for damage evolution under cyclic loading conditions. An elasticviscoelastic correspondence principle in terms of pseudo variables is applied to separately evaluate viscoelasticity and time-dependent damage growth in asphalt concrete. The time-dependent damage growth in asphalt concrete is modeled by using a damage parameter based on a generalization of microcrack growth law. Internal state variables that describe the hysteretic behavior of asphalt concrete are determined. A constitutive equation in terms of stress and pseudo strain is first established for controlled-strain mode and then transformed to a controlled-stress constitutive equation by simply replacing physical stress and pseudo strain with pseudo stress and physical strain. Tensile uniaxial fatigue tests are performed under the controlled-strain mode to determine model parameters. The constitutive equations in terms of pseudo strain and pseudo stress satisfactorily predict the constitutive behavior of asphalt concrete all the way up to failure under controlled-strain and -stress modes, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.456-464
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• 2008

Avian and mammalian skeletal muscles exhibit a remarkable ability to adjust to physiological stressors induced by growth, exercise, injury and disease. The process of muscle recovery following injury and myonuclear accretion during growth is attributed to a small population of satellite cells located beneath the basal lamina of the myofiber. Several metabolic factors contribute to the activation of satellite cells in response to stress mediated by illness, injury or aging. This review will describe the regenerative properties of satellite cells, the processes of satellite cell activation and highlight the potential role of satellite cells in skeletal muscle growth, tissue engineering and meat production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.774-780
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• 1998

This report includes an extensive bibliography of research articles investigating various facets of rearing neonatal piglets using liquid diets, and includes historical publications dating back to the 1940's. However, in order to provide concise and timely focus for application in modem swine production, only a selected number of recent findings are reviewed in detail. Collectively, the data presented illustrate that growth of piglets fed liquid diets can greatly exceed that of littermates fed dry diets and can even exceed growth rates of sow-reared controls (by up to 160%). The central questions that remain unanswered are: 1) Can this improved performance be obtained routinely and economically under applied farm conditions? and if so, 2) Does improved growth during the early-weaning period translate into improved net economic returns overall? Unfortunately, due to the current practical management constraints related to liquid-diet feeding (i.e., lack of an easy-to-manage feed delivery system), limited data are available which examine the efficacy of liquid-diet feeding under practical, commercial farm conditions.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.189-204
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• 2016

Microalgal bioremediation of CO₂, nutrients, endocrine disruptors, hydrocarbons, pesticides, and cyanide compounds have evaluated comprehensively. Microalgal mitigation of nutrients originated from municipal wastewaters, surface waters, and livestock wastewaters has shown great applicability. Algal utilization on secondary and tertiary treatment processes might provide unique and elegant solution on the removing of substances originated from various sources. Microalgae have displayed 3 growth regimes (autotrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic) through which different organic and inorganic substances are being utilized for growth and production of different metabolites. There are still some technology challenges requiring innovative solutions. Strain selection investigation should be directed towards identification of algal that are extremophiles. Understanding and manipulation of metabolic pathways of algae will possible unfold solution to utilization of algae for mitigation of dissolve organic nitrogen in wastewaters.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.111-117
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• 2002

The high quality and a nearly stoichometric growth of $Cd_{1-y} Zn_y$/Te(y＝0.04) epilayers have been successfully grown on GaAs substrate by hot wall epitaxy (HWE) by optimizing the growth condition including the preheating treatment and Cd reservoir temperature. The relationship between quality and thickness was examined and best value of FWHM from X-ray rocking curve of 121 arcsec are obtained. Also, emission peaks related to the recombination of free excitons such as the ground state and the first excited state were observed in the PL spectrum at 4.2K. The ($A^0$, X) emission related to Cd vacancy and deep level emission was not measured. These results indicated that the grown CZT/GaAs epilayer was high qualify and purity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.817-837
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• 1997

In the present contribution an interface crack model is introduced which is capable of modelling crack initialisation and growth in aluminium as well as in Fibre Metal Laminates. Interface elements are inserted in a finite element mesh with a yield function which bounds all states of stress in the interface. Hardening occurs after a state of stress exceeds the yield stress of the material. The hardening branch is bounded by the ultimate stress of the material. Thereafter, the state of stress is reduced to zero while the inelastic deformations grow. The energy dissipated by the inelastic deformations in this process equals the fracture energy of the material. The model is applied to calculate the onset and growth of cracking in centre cracked plates made of aluminium and GLARE$^{(R)}$. The impact of the model parameters on the performance of the crack model is studied by comparisons of the numerical results with experimental data.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1119-1129
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• 2023

Seeds are colonized by diverse microorganisms that can improve the growth and stress resistance of host plants. Although understanding the mechanisms of plant endophyte-host plant interactions is increasing, much of this knowledge does not come from seed endophytes, particularly under environmental stress that the plant host grows to face, including biotic (e.g., pathogens, herbivores and insects) and abiotic factors (e.g., drought, heavy metals and salt). In this article, we first provided a framework for the assembly and function of seed endophytes and discussed the sources and assembly process of seed endophytes. Following that, we reviewed the impact of environmental factors on the assembly of seed endophytes. Lastly, we explored recent advances in the growth promotion and stress resistance enhancement of plants, functioning by seed endophytes under various biotic and abiotic stressors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 1999

Effects of growth regulators and medium components were tested for shoot multiplication and callus growth from shoot explants of black locust. During shoot multiplication, callus growth at the cut end of shoot explants proceeded shoot development. The basal callus growth seemed to be a function of both mineral components and cytokinin supplemented in the medium. Maximum callus growth was induced by 0.5${\mu}$M BAP and the callus growth decreased as the level of BAP increased. Positive correlations were found between basal callus growth, and shoot multiplication and growth. Shoot multiplication was greatest on BSM medium (black locust shoot culture medium) supplemented with 1 $\mu$M BAP. With medium containing high nitrogen content, both shoot multiplication and growth were significantly enhanced. A new BRM medium was the most effective for rooting of black locust among three rooting media tested.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.128-162
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• 1996

Using Random Sampling, the authors measured the body heights and weights of 31,151 persons - 17,102 in males and 14,049 in females from metropolitan, urban and rural areas between 6 to over 80 year old - for the purpose of investigating the type and the actual condition of the Korean's growth and development. At first, on the basis of the results, the authors measured the growth and development, various kinds of physiques, nutritional index of the 6 to 20s age group. Second, the authors presented the standard body weight of males and females by their body height, who were in the end of their growth (20-29 age group). Third, the authors calculated and presented the normal adapted body weight of the age group who were over 30 age after the growth had been completed. Forth, the author presented the obesity rate of the adults over 20 years old by body mass index. Finally, the authors compared chronological change of the Koreans' body heights and body weights with the results of other researchers. 1. Body Measurement Rapid growth, in terms of body height, which is described by a straight line on a growth curve has been observed among males in the ages 6-13 and among females 6-14. That growth curve turned out to be slower among the people of higher ages by both sexes. The cross-over occurred in both sexes at 11-14. The highest growth rate for a year is at 13-16 for males and 11-13 for females. This indicates that females enter a rapidly growing stage 2 years earlier than males. 2. Various Physiques and Nutritional Index Rapid growth, in terms of Relative Body Weight Index, which is described by a straight line, has been observed among males in the ages 6-16 and females in the ages 6-14. The cross-over occurred in both sexes 12.5-14.5 age in the adolescencent period. Whereupon females outgrow males. The Roher Index displayed more good value in case of females than male and in the adolescent period, the level of fullness is lower than after the completion of development. The Kaup Indices of both sexes increase with age. The index is less than 2.0 for males in 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state4 age group and for females in 6-13 age group and with this, it appeared that development of horizontal axis to long axis is poor. The index is more than 2.0 after 15 age group in males and 14 age group in females and developmental state Body Mass Index is less than 20 for males 6-14 age group and for females in 6-13 age group. In the case of the higher age group, that index maintains a normal state.