• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.23-32
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• 2006

Objectives : The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of oriental medical treatment to the growth of children using bone age as measurer. Methods : This clinical study has been carried out with 32 cases(male 15, female 17 of children) aging from 7 to 15 years old, who visited to the Department of Pediatrics growth clinic, ○○ medical center from January 2004 to August 2006 and were treated for more than 12 months. Their height, body weight, body mass index(BMI) and bone age were estimated at two points: Before and after oriental medical treatment was applied. Bone age is measured by X-ray image of growth plate in inferior radiocarpal joint. Results : Bone age correlated with choronological age, height, weight. Difference between bone and choronological age was correlated with percentile of height and weight. The mean growth of children showed 4.03 percentile upwardly(p=.046), and difference between bone and choronological age was reduced from $0.23{\pm}1.62$ to $-0.026{\pm}1.64(p=.040)$ after treatment. Conclusions : This study shows that oriental medical treatment helped growth of children using bone age as measurer.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.643-648
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• 2009

Blood eosinophilia can be classified as either familial or acquired. Familial eosinophilia is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a stable eosinophil count. Acquired eosinophilia is classified further into a primary or secondary phenomenon depending on whether eosinophils are considered integral to the underlying disease. Primary eosinophilia is considered clonal in the presence of either a cytogenetic abnormality or bone marrow histological evidence of classified hematologic malignancies. Causes of secondary eosinophilia include infections, allergic or immunologic disorders, and drugs. Idiopathic eosinophilia belongs to a category of primary eosinophilia, and this is a diagnosis of exclusion. Cases with eosinophilia that lack evidence of clonality may be diagnosed as idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome after all causes of reactive eosinophilia have been eliminated. Genetic mutations involving the platelet-derived growth receptor genes (PDGFRA and PDGFRB) have been pathogenetically linked to clonal eosinophilia, and their presence predicts the treatment response to imatinib. In this review, I will present a clinical summary of both familial and acquired eosinophilia with emphasis on recent developments in molecular pathogenesis and treatment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.451-456
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• 2005

Minamata disease made its first appearance in the world at Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture, in May 1956. In 1962 methyl mercury poisoning through the placenta was found for the first time in the world. This was called congenital Minamata disease. In all cases the clinical symptoms were consistent with those of cerebral palsy. The time and place of outbreak were the same as those for Minamata disease. Their mothers had eaten fish and shellfish during pregnancy. The principal symptoms of congenital Minamata disease are mentalretardation ($100\%$); primitive reflexes ($100\%$); disturbance of coordination ($100\%$); dysarthria ($100\%$); limb deformation (100%); growth disorders ($100\%$); nutritional disorders ($100\%$); chorea-athetose ($95\%$); and hypersalivation ($95\%$). However, today, when the world is polluted by mercury in various places and at various levels, the data we need is not represented by those severe cases, but rather by the chronic milder type. Even in Minamata, the issue of Minamata disease has not been resolved. And likewise, on a global scale the problem of Minamata disease is not yet over.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2020

Post-translational modifications play major roles in the stability, function, and localization of target proteins involved in the nervous system. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway uses small ubiquitin molecules to degrade neuronal proteins. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse this degradation and thereby control neuronal cell fate, synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and proper function of the nervous system. Moreover, mutations or downregulation of certain DUBs have been found in several neurodegenerative diseases, as well as gliomas and neuroblastomas. Based on emerging findings, DUBs represent an important target for therapeutic intervention in various neurological disorders. Here, we summarize advances in our understanding of the roles of DUBs related to neurobiology.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.46-52
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• 2022

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) are very rare and genetically transmitted diseases and have man y different symptoms related with multisystemic involvement. More rarely, endocrinopathies can be an early and first symptom of IEM, but presents with signs of later complications in adolescent or adulthood. The mechanisms of endocrine dysfunction in IEM are poorly understood. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is common in hemochromatosis, adrenoleukodystrophy, galactosemia, and glycogen storage disease. Many girls with classic galactosemia are at high risk for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), despite an early diagnosis and good control. Mitochondrial diseases are multisystem disorders and are characterized by hypo- and hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, thyroid dysfunction and insulin dysregulation. Glycogen storage disorders (GSDs), especially type Ia, Ib, III, V are assocciated with frequent hypoglycemic events. IEM is a growing field and is not yet well recognized despite its consequences for growth, bone metabolism and fertility. For this reason, clinicians should be aware of these diagnoses and potential endocrine dysfunction.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2014

Craniopharyngiomas are rare primary intracranial tumors. Despite their benign histological appearance, they are often associated with an unfavorable prognosis. The typical manifestations upon diagnosis are headache, visual impairment, polyuria/polydypsia, growth retardation, disturbance of pubertal development, and significant weight gain. The treatment options include radical surgery or radiotherapy, or a combination of these modalities. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common adolescent hip disorder. SCFE occurs when the capital femoral epiphysis displaces posteriorly on the femoral neck at the level of the physis. The etiology of SCFE is thought to be multifactorial and may include obesity, growth surges, and less common endocrine disorders. The related endocrine disorders include hypothyroidism, growth hormone supplementation, hypogonadism, and panhypopituitarism. Reported herein is a case of panhypopituitarism caused by craniopharyngioma combined with SCFE.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.436-446
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• 2018

Background: The potential therapeutic values of Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) in autoimmune disorders of nervous system have not been fully investigated. Methods: We used an acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model of multiple sclerosis and determined the effects and mechanism of KRGE on spinal myelination. Results: Pretreatment with KRGE (100 mg/kg, orally) for 10 days before immunization with myelin basic protein $(MBP)_{68-82}$ peptide exerted a protective effect against demyelination in the spinal cord, with inhibited recruitment and activation of immune cells including microglia, decreased mRNA expression of detrimental inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6, interferon-${\gamma}$, and cyclooxygenase-2), but increased mRNA expression of protective inflammatory mediators (insulin-like growth factor ${\beta}1$, transforming growth factor ${\beta}$, and vascular endothelial growth factor-1). These results were associated with significant downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathways in microglia/macrophages, T cells, and astrocytes. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that KRGE alleviates spinal demyelination in acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through inhibiting the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ signaling pathway. Therefore, KRGE might be used as a new therapeutic for autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, although further investigation is needed.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.156-163
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• 2014

Interleukin (IL) 17 is produced by T-helper (Th) 17 with a vigorous effect on cells of the immune system playing important roles in pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmune disorders and cancers. Therefore, the aim of current study was to determine the serum levels of IL-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-${\beta}$) in Iranian bladder cancer patients, and to correlate them with disease status. Blood samples were collected from 40 bladder cancer patients and 38 healthy individuals with no history of malignancies or autoimmune disorders. The serum levels of IL-6, IL-17, and TGF-${\beta}$ were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the levels of IL-17 (p<0.0001) and TGF-${\beta}$ (p<0.0001) were significantly lower in the patients compared to the controls. No significant differences in the level of serum IL-6 (p=0.16) was observed between the patients and controls. In addition, demographic characteristics between control and patients groups were not significantly different. As most of the cases studied in this investigation were in stage I and II, it is concluded that reduced Th17-related cytokines can be used as indicators for following the course and clinical stages of bladder carcinoma progress and immune response to cancer.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2003

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a critical regulator of mesenchymal cell migration and proliferation. The vital functions of PDGFs for angiogenesis, as well as development of kidney, brain, cardiovascular system and pulmonary alveoli during embryogenesis, have been well demonstrated by gene knock-out approaches. Clinical studies reveal that aberrant expression of PDGF and its receptor is often associated with a variety of disorders including atherosclerosis, fibroproliferative diseases of lungs, kidneys and joints, and neoplasia. PDGF contributes to cancer development and progression by both autocrine and paracrine signaling mechanisms. In this review article, important features of the PDGF isoforms and their cell surface receptor subunits are discussed, with regards to signal transduction, PDGF-isoform specific cellular response, and involvement in angiogenesis, and tumorstromal interactions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.328-333
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• 1983

Due to fast industrialization and reduced agricultural population, there has been increased farm mechanization to reduce the labor requirement. In rice production, mechanical transplanting has been increasingly popular due to the heavy labor requirement in hand transplanting and development of convenient transplanters. For mechanical transplanting, rice seedlings is grown in boxes with limited soils under super dense population, thus short period of exposure to unfavorable temperature and poor water management would cause severe damage to rice seedlings such as seedling damping off and the similar physiological disorders. Several chemicals were evaluated for their effectiveness to control the disease and disorders, and other effects as plant growth stimulants. 3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-a soil fungicide, Metalozyl-a fungicide which controls mildew, SF 8002-the composite of above two chemicals, and Isoprothiolane-a fungicide which controls rice blast were found to be effective controling seedling damping off and similar physiological disorders, and improvement of physiological characteristics of the seedlings such as the amount of bleeding sap, rooting ability, negative geotrophism, and regrowth after cutting. The results indicated that the chemicals will be very effective raising healthy seedlings even under unfavorable environments by the improvement of physiological activities of seedlings and preventing seedling damping off and the similar physiological disorders.