• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.347-350
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• 2013

The aim of the present study was to determine whether allogeneic red blood cell transfusions showed a deleterious effect and what might be preoperative risk factors for blood transfusion in patients with TNM stage II colon cancer. Total 470 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected for a further 10-year follow-up study. We found that there were statistical significance between non-transfused and transfused group in mortality (P=0.018), local recurrence (P=0.000) and distant metastasis (P=0.040). Local recurrence and distant metastasis between 1 to 3 units and more than 3 units group did not show any significant differences. There was no difference in survival rate between non-transfused and 1 to 3 units group (log rank=0.031, P=0.860). The difference between different blood transfusion volume in transfused patients was found (78.77% vs 63.83%, P=0.006). Meanwhile, the significant difference of survival rate was existed between non-transfused group and more than 3 units group (84.83% vs 63.83%, P=0.002 ). Univariate analysis showed the following 3 variables to be associated with an increased risk of allogeneic blood transfusions: preoperative CEA level (P<0.05), location of tumor (P<0.01) and diameter of tumor (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed that location of tumor and diameter of tumor are two independent factors for requirement of perioperative transfusions. Therefore, allogeneic transfusion increase the postoperative tumor mortality, local recurrence and distant metastasis in patients with stage II colon cancer. The postoperative tumor mortality, local recurrence and distant metastasis were not associated with the blood transfusion volume. The blood transfusion volume was associated with the survival rate. Location of tumor and diameter of tumor were the independent preoperative risk factors for blood transfusion.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.297-317
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• 2017

본 연구는 봉화 장군봉의 자연림을 대상으로 산림식생의 유형을 분류하고, 그에 따른 임분특성을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 2014년 6월부터 2016년 8월까지 식생조사를 실시하였으며, 총 71개소의 식생조사자료를 토대로, 종-면적곡선, 식물사회학적 식생유형분류, 중요치, 종다양도, 일치법, CCA 분석을 실시하였다. 종-면적곡선과 누적종수 추정치를 분석해본 결과, 조사구의 설치는 적절하게 이루어졌으며, 총 227개 분류군(67과 152속 197종 3아종 27변종)이 출현하였다. 식생유형분류를 실시한 결과, 총 7개의 식생단위로 분류되었으며, 최상위 수준에서 신갈나무군락군, 신갈나무군락군은 고로쇠나무군락(동자꽃군과 물참대군), 잣나무군락(시닥나무군과 잣나무전형군), 굴참나무군락(담쟁이덩굴군과 굴참나무전형군)으로 분류되었으며, 담쟁이덩굴군은 담쟁이덩굴전형소군과 호랑버들소군으로 분류되었다. 중요치 분석결과, 식생단위 1~5의 교목층에서는 신갈나무(38.0~70.4%), 식생단위 6은 박달나무(35.3%), 식생단위 7은 소나무(45.4%)가 각각 가장 높게 나타났다. 박달나무와 소나무가 우점하는 식생단위 6과 7은 교목층을 제외한 층위에서 신갈나무와 굴참나무가 높은 중요치를 나타내어, 향후 이들 식생단위는 신갈나무와 굴참나무에 의한 군락이 형성될 것으로 사료되었다. 종다양도는 식생단위 1, 2, 3의 종다양도(2.130~2.353)가 높게 나타났으며, 이는 계곡의 지형적 특성에 의한 영향 때문인 것으로 사료되었다. 일치법과 CCA를 실시한 결과, 식생유형은 해발고도와 가장 높은 상관관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present an integrated analysis for energy use and its patterns as vertical locations of the dwelling units in apartment buildings which are located in an urban area and constructed by a renowned contractor. In order to enhance the effectiveness of the method, the original data of electricity, water, and gas bills which directly reflect the energy use are sorted and analyzed into several groups as vertical locations in each building. And also, by use of comparing and contrasting the data on a monthly and yearly basis, the accuracy of analyses for seasonal energy use and its patterns is strengthened. Comparative analyses used in this study describe the results that vertical locations of dwelling units do not have much influence on electricity and water usage, but are closely related with gas usage for a heating season. According to the analysis of gas usage, the units on the ground and right above pilotis need enhancement in the insulations for heating to mitigate energy loss. Also, the analysis for the middle floor units in each group describe the fact that the gas usage of the units on the ground is consumes 1.5 times greater than that of the typical floors. Therefore, enhanced insulation strategies need to be considered against the adverse condition that the heat loss increases as the wall facing the outside air increases or as the wind velocity increases through the pilotis.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 2004년도 추계학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.603-604
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• 2004

• 대한수학회보
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.1037-1049
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• 2018

In this paper, we have first presented the construction of the linear characters of a finite Coxeter group $G_n$ of type $B_n$ by lifting all linear characters of the quotient group $G_n/[G_n,G_n]$ of the commutator subgroup $[G_n,G_n]$. Also we show that the sets of distinguished coset representatives $D_A$ and $D_{A^{\prime}}$ for any two signed compositions A, A' of n which are $G_n$-conjugate to each other and for each conjugate class ${\mathcal{C}}_{\lambda}$ of $G_n$, where ${\lambda}{\in}\mathcal{BP}(n)$, the equality ${\mid}{\mathcal{C}}_{\lambda}{\cap}D_A{\mid}={\mid}{\mathcal{C}}_{\lambda}{\cap}D_{A^{\prime}}{\mid}$ holds. Finally, we have given the general structure of units of Mantaci-Reutenauer algebra.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.489-501
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• 2015

We study the structure of right duo ring property when it is restricted within the group of units, and introduce the concept of right unit-duo. This newly introduced property is first observed to be not left-right symmetric, and we examine several conditions to ensure the symmetry. Right unit-duo rings are next proved to be Abelian, by help of which the class of noncommutative right unit-duo rings of minimal order is completely determined up to isomorphism. We also investigate some properties of right unit-duo rings which are concerned with annihilating conditions.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.1033-1039
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• 2011

Let R be a ring with identity 1, I(R) be the set of all idempotents in R and G be the group of all units of R. In this paper, we show that for any semiperfect ring R in which 2 = 1+1 is a unit, I(R) is closed under multiplication if and only if R is a direct sum of local rings if and only if the set of all minimal idempotents in R is closed under multiplication and eGe is contained in the group of units of eRe. In particular, for a left Artinian ring in which 2 is a unit, R is a direct sum of local rings if and only if the set of all minimal idempotents in R is closed under multiplication.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.60-64
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• 1997

The design process and construction method of a strip line is described for measuring radiated susceptibility of vehicular components having electrical cables more than 2 min length. he characteristic impedance of the trip line was determined 90$\Omega$ to obtain the field uniformity of $\leq$${\pm}$3 dB in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 500 MHz. Tapered coaxial lines were used instead of the traditional lumped circuit element for the impedence matching units, therefore, the strip line has high power capability. Using these techniques, the field uniformity and power capability of a strip line could be considerably improved.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2000

The goal of quantitative linguistics is to show the quantitative behavior of linguistic units. There are several studies which examine the frequency of Korean phonemes, which are important in comprehending the internal function of the linguistic units. However, the frequency information, from the pure phonological level without any consideration of rhythmic group, cannot adequately represent linguistic phenomena. Therefore, to provide the effective information, the phonological transcription must be carried out on the level of rhythmic group. In this paper, we made the transcription to analyze Korean phonology. We were not satisfied with merely investigating the frequencies of the phonemes, but also examined whether the distribution of Korean phonemes show the binomial distribution within linguistic constraints.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.541-547
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• 2008

Suppose R is an idempotence-diagonalizable ring. Let n and m be two arbitrary positive integers with $n\;{\geq}\;3$. We denote by $M_n(R)$ the ring of all $n{\times}n$ matrices over R. Let ($J_n(R)$) be the additive subgroup of $M_n(R)$ generated additively by all idempotent matrices. Let ($D=J_n(R)$) or $M_n(R)$. In this paper, by using an additive idem potence-preserving result obtained by Coo (see [4]), I characterize (i) the additive preservers of tripotence from D to $M_m(R)$ when 2 and 3 are units of R; (ii) the additive preservers of inverses (respectively, Drazin inverses, group inverses, {1}-inverses, {2}-inverses, {1, 2}-inverses) from $M_n(R)$ to $M_n(R)$ when 2 and 3 are units of R.