• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2017

Starting from a t-norm T, it is possible to construct a class of new t-norms, so-called T-generalized t-norm. The purpose of this paper is to describe some properties of this class of generalized t-norms. An algebraic structure as well as a binary relation among t-norms are also investigated. Some open problems are discussed as well.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2002

We develop some basic properties of $t$-fuzzy ideals in a monoid or a group and find the sufficient conditions for a fuzzy set in a division ring to be a $t$-fuzzy subring and the necessary and sufficient conditions for a fuzzy set in a division ring to be a $t$-fuzzy ideal.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.827-831
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• 2023

본 연구는 사회적자본이 사회적경제 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 검증하고 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구의 결과를 요약하자면 다음과 같다. 사회적자본이 사회적경제 인식에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과 규범(t=3.228, p<.01), 참여(t=3.057, p<.01)가 사회적경제 인식에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤다. 즉, 규범을 잘 준수할수록, 참여가 높을수록 사회적경제 인식에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, '규범'이란 사회 내에서 공동체 구성원들이 지켜야 할 규칙이나 기준을 의미하는데 이러한 규범은 개인들의 행동을 조절하고, 사회적 협력을 촉진하는 역할을 한다. 이를 통해 강력한 규범 체계가 있으면 사회적경제 활동에 참여하거나 협력하는 방식에 큰 영향을 줄 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. 둘째, '참여'는 개인이나 집단이 사회적 활동에 얼마나 적극적으로 참가하는지를 나타내는 지표이다. 사회적자본을 통해 참여도가 높은 사람들은 사회적경제 인식에 대해 높은 이해력을 가지며, 효과적으로 행동할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 결과는 선행연구에서는 규범을 잘 준수할수록, 신뢰와 네트워크가 강화로 될수록 사회적경제 인식이 높아졌다. 이와는 달리 본연구에서는 규범과 신뢰는 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났지만 네트워크는 영향을 주지 않는 결과로 선행연구 결과와는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타나 추후 반복적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 이상의 결과를 살펴볼 때 규범과 참여라는 사회적자본의 요소를 강화하고 발전시키면 전반적인 사회경제 인식 및 발전에 긍정적인 영향으로 미칠 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.54-69
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• 1994

본 연구에서는 아동용 Luria-Nebraska 신경심리 검사(LNNB-C)에 대한 한국 표준화 연구의 일부로, 한국판 LNNB-C를 제작하고 각 척도별 신뢰도 및 뇌손상 진단을 위한 규준을 산출하였다. 한국판 LNNB-C를 제작하고 신뢰도 및 뇌손상 진단을 위한 척도별 T점수를 산출하기 위해, 규준 집단으로 서울과 춘천에 거주하는 8세에서 12세 범위의 정상 아동 147명(남아 74명, 여아 73명)이 본 연구에 참여하였고, 신뢰도 검증을 위해 포함된 임상 집단에는 뇌손상 아동이 19명, ADHD 아동이 16명, 그리고 소아정신과 장애 아동이 16명이었다. 한국판 LNNB-C의 채점자간 채점의 일치도는 96.3%로 매우 높은 펴이었고, 본 연구에서 산출된 각 척도들에 대한 신뢰도 계수 ${\alpha}$의 범위는 .91에서 .51로, 미국의 연구 결과와 유사한 내적 일치도를 보여주었다. 뇌손상 진단을 위한 규준을 산출하기 위하여, 정상 규준 집단의 척도별 원점수 평균과 표준편차를 사용하여 각 척도점수를 평균이 50이고 표준편차가 10인 T-점수로 전환하였다. 주어진 연령에서 정상으로 간주될 수 있는 연령별 평균 LNNB-C 척도점수를 예측하기 위해, 규전 집단의 LNNB-C 11개 임상 척도에 대한 평균 T점수를 산출한 후, 이렇게 산출된 평균 T점수와 연령을 종속 변인과 독립 변인으로 하여, 주어진 연령에서 기대되는 정상 아동의 평균 T점수(임계 수준)를 예측하는 직선 회귀 방정식을 산출하였다. 이때 11개의 임상 척도와 1개의 병리 척도중에서 임계 수준을 넘어서는 척도의 수가 3개 이상일 때 뇌손상을 시시하는 것으로 해석된다. 마지막으로, 한국판 LNNB-C 문항 제작상의 어려움과 LNNB-C 척도 수행상에서 한국 규준 집단과 미국 규준 집단의 아동들이 보인 문화적인 차이에 대해 논의하였다.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of tuberculosis (TB) drugs in health care workers diagnosed with latent tuberculosis Infection (LTBI). Methods: This study was a descriptive correlation study. Data were collected by using a self-report questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by -test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: There were involved 160 participants, 35 (21.9%) who took the TB drugs, and 125 (73.8%) who did not take the TB drugs. The predictors on taking TB drugs in health care workers with LTBI were subjective norms (OR=3.33, p<.001), perceived sensitivity (OR=2.67, p=.026), perceived barrier (OR=0.14, p=.014), and unmarried (OR=4.69, p=.006) than married, health care worker category 2 group (OR=5.84, p=.015) and 1 group (OR=4.25, p=.022) than 3, 4 group, sleep over 7 hours (OR=4.11, p=.022) than less 7 hours sleep. Conclusion: In order to promote the use of TB drugs in health care workers with LTBI, it is necessary that take intervention strategies to increase the subjective norms and perceived sensitivity and to decrease the perceived barriers.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2021

Purpose: Influenza immunization among health personnel is of particular importance given their elevated risk of influenza infection, role in transmission and influence on patients' immunization status. The purpose of this study is to identify factors associated with the influenza vaccination intention among health personnel based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: The research was a cross-sectional, descriptive design using questionnaires. The participants were 131 health personnel in five general hospitals in two cities in South Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression with the SPSS 26.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in influenza vaccination intention according to the high-risk group in the family, occupation, length of employment, and influenza vaccination status within a year. The influenza vaccination intention of these health personnel showed significant positive correlations with attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards influenza vaccination. Multiple regression analysis for influenza vaccination intention revealed that the significant predictors were attitude, subjective norms, influenza vaccination within a year and physician in occupation. These factors explained 41.4% of the variance. Conclusion: The results suggest a need to strengthen attitude and subjective norms. The findings also suggest that their characteristics through influenza vaccination status within a year and occupation should be considered for tailored interventions related to the intention. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop programs strengthening attitude and subjective norms to enhance influenza vaccination intention among health personnel.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the weight control attempts and related factors among 220 female college students in Seoul. Factors examined included body image, body satisfaction, interest in weight control, beliefs related to weight control, social norms, social expectations regarding subjects' body size and weight change. Data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square test(at $\alpha$=0.05). The average height and weight of subjects were 160.7cm, 52.2kg respectively. BMI and body fat(%) were 20.2 and 25.2%, respectively. One hundred seventy two students(78.2%) had attempted to control their weight, mainly to lose weight, and were categorized as the weight control attempt group. Subjects used diet modification as well as unhealthy method to control weight. 48.2% in the attempt group were underweight or normal weight(by BMI), suggesting that their weight control attempts were was unnecessary. Students in the attempt group described their own size as heavier than those in the no-attempt group(p<0.01) or other girls of their age(p<0.05) ; more dissatisfied with their body size(p<0.01), and showed more interest in weight control(p<0.01). Several differences in beliefs were also noted(p<0.001). The attempt group believed less strongly in the harmful effects or difficulties in weight control and believed more strongly in the advantages of weight control. With respect to social factors, the attempt group perceived that their family and friends wanted them to be smaller than they were(p<0.001), perceived that significant others felt that they should lose weight(p<0.05). These results suggest that educational programs for college female students should start focusing on the harmful effects of excessive dieting and information about desirable weight control methods. Students should be helped to have a correct body image. In addition, educational programs should incorporate strategies to change beliefs regarding weight control, as well as modifying social expectations from significant others.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.690-700
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the awareness of alcohol use during pregnancy and factors influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy by drinking levels. Methods: Utilizing a comparative descriptive design, a total of 359 female college students were recruited. Measurements were Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables related awareness of alcohol use during pregnancy, Korean Version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, knowledge about alcohol use during pregnancy, and socio-demographic factors. Main variables were compared by drinking levels. The factors influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy were identified using hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Non-problematic alcohol behavior group (n=185) had higher the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy than problematic alcohol behavior group (n=174) (t=3.13, p=.002). The significant TPB variables influencing the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy were that attitudes (β =-.44, p<.001), subjective norms (β =.14, p=.026), and perceived behavior control (β =.19, p=.002) in non-problematic alcohol behavior group, whereas the corresponding variables in the problematic alcohol behavior group were attitudes (β =-.51, p<.001) and subjective norms (β =.21, p=.006). Conclusion: It is necessary to increase the intention to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy for the female college students having problematic alcohol behavior. The following strategies are recommended for them; decreasing acceptable attitudes toward alcohol use during pregnancy and reinforcing the influence of social pressure toward to abstain from alcohol during pregnancy.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2000

This paper presents cross-national perspectives on challenges in implementing current mathematics education reform ideals. This paper includes detailed qualitative descriptions of mathematics instruction from unevenly successful second-grade classrooms both in Koran and in the U. S with regared to reform recommendations. Despits dramatic differences in mathematics achivement between Korean and the U.S student. problems in both countries with regard to mathematics education are perceived to be very similar. The shared problems have a common origin in teacher-centered instruction. Educational leaders in both countries have persistently attempted to change the teacher-centered pedagogy to a student-centered approach. Many teachers report familiarity with and adherence to reform ideas, but their actual classroom teaching practices do not reflect the full implications of the reform ideals. Given the challenges in implementing reform, this study explored the breakdown that may occur between teachers adoption of reform objectives and their successful incorporation of reform ideals by comparing and contrasting two reform-oriented classrooms in both countries. This comparison and contrast provided a unique opportunity to reflect on possible subtle but crucial issues with regard to reform implementation. Thus, this study departed from past international comparisons in which the common objective has been to compare general social norma of typical mathematics classes across countries. This study was and exploratory, qualitative, comparative case study using grounded theory methodology based on constant comparative analysis for which the primary data sources were classroom video recordings and transcripts. The Korean portion of this study was conducted by the team of four researchers, including the author. The U.S portion of this study and a brief joint analysis were conducted by the author. This study compared and contrasted the classroom general social norms and sociomathematical norms of two Korean and two U.S second-grade teachers who aspired to implement reform. The two classrooms in each country were chosen because of their unequal success in activating the reform recommendation. Four mathematics lessons were videotaped from Korean classes, whereas fourteen lessons were videotaped from the U.S. classes. Intensive interviews were conducted with each teacher. The two classes within each country established similar participation patterns but very different sociomathematical norms. In both classes open-ended questioning, collaborative group work, and students own problem solving constituted the primary modes of classroom participation. However in one class mathematical significance was constituted as using standard algorithm with accuracy, whereas the other established a focus on providing reasonable and convincing arguments. Given these different mathematical foci, the students in the latter class had more opportunities to develop conceptual understanding than their counterparts. The similarities and differences to between the two teaching practices within each country clearly show that students learning opportunities do not arise social norms of a classroom community. Instead, they are closely related to its sociomathematical norms. Thus this study suggests that reform efforts highlight the importance of sociomathematical norms that established in the classroom microculture. This study also provides a more caution for the Korean reform movement than for its U.S. counterpart.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1722-1734
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 계획된 행위이론에 근거한 HPV 예방교육이 대학생의 HPV 백신지식, 자궁경부암 지식, HPV 백신접종에 대한 태도, HPV 백신접종에 대한 주관적 규범, HPV백신접종에 대한 지각된 행위통제, HPV 백신접종에 대한 의도, HPV 예방백신 접종행위에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위한 유사실험 연구이다. 대상자는 실험군 32명, 대조군 34명으로 임의표출 하였다. 수집된 자료는 기술통계, t-test, χ²-test, Fisher's exact test와 repeated Measures ANOVA로 분석하였다. 연구결과 HPV 예방교육에 참여한 실험군은 참여하지 않은 대조군과 HPV 백신지식(t=5.66, p<.001), 자궁경부암 지식(t=4.13, p<.001), 태도(t=2.24, p=.032), 주관적 규범(t=2.83, p=.008), 지각된 행위통제(t=2.65, p=.013), 의도(t=3.91, p<.001)에 유의한 차이가 있었다. HPV 예방교육 중재 4주 후 HPV 백신접종 의도는 집단과 시간의 경과 간의 교호작용에 유의한 차이가 있었다(F=6.95, p=.002). 따라서 HPV 예방교육은 대학생에게 실제 적용할 수 있는 교육프로그램임을 확인하였다.